17 10 KNAC 1. READING Nuclear fallout isthe residue radioactive material moved into the upper atmosphere folowing a nuclear blast, so called because it “ais ‘ut ofthe sky ater the expiosion and the shock wave have passed. It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a hhuciear weapon explodes. This radioactive dust sa highly dangerous kind of radioactive contamination, “There are two kinds of bursts called air and ground bursts which describe two passibie kinds of fallout - global and local, and their Consequences. An air burst (2. a nuctear detonation far above the surface) can eventually produce global fallou. A ground burst can produce possibly much more severe loca fallout. The radlo-bolog\cal hazard of global fallout is long-term because of the potential accumulation of long-ived radioisotopes (such as strontum-90 and Ccaesium-137) in the body as @ resul of ingestion of foods containing the radioactive materials, Loca fallout is more concentrated and of far ‘more immediate concern, Whenever individuals remain in a radiologically contaminated area, such contamination leads to an Immediate external radiation exposure as well as a possibe later intemal hazard from inhalation and ingestion of radiocontaminants, ‘such asthe rather short-lived iadine-131, which s accumulated in the thyroid ‘The dose that would be lethal to 50% af a populationis acomman parameter used to compare the effects of various fallout types or Circumstances. Usually the term is defined for a specific time, and limitedto studies of acute lethally. The common time periods used are 30 days or less for most small laboratory animals snd to 60 days for large animals and humans. Most people become il after an exposure to Gy (gray i the unitof the absorbed dose af ionizing raciation) or mote, The fetuses of pregnant women are often mare vulnerable to radiation and may miscarry, especially in the fst trimester. Delayed effects may appear months to years after irradiation and include a wide variety of effects involving almost all tissues or organs. Some of the possble delayed consequences of radiation injury are life shortening, carcinogenesis, cataract formation, chronic radiodermatits, decreased feriliy, and genetic mutations. During the Cold War, the governments of the U.S., the USSR, Great Britain, and China attempted to educate their citizens about surviving @ nuclear attack by providing procedures on minimizing shortterm exposure fo fallout This effort commonly became known as CiviDefense. 1. Based on its use in paragraph 1, what is the best definition of ,shock wave"? @A) An area of very high pressure moving through the air, earth, or water. OB) Aperiod of abnormal cold and darkness predicted to follow a nuclear war, caused by a layer of smoke | and dust in the atmosphere blocking the sun's rays. OB) The process or fact of irradiating or being irradiated On) Radioactive waste material, for example from the use or reprocessing of nuciear fuel. 2. Based on its use in paragraph 1, what does the word contamination” refer to? @A) pollution @5) defilement OB) contagion On) infection 3.As it is mentioned in the text, what does Civil Defense stand for? @A) protecting the citizens of a state from military attacks and natural disasters OB) obeying certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power 8) focusing on worldwide issues such as climate change, deforestation, commercial genetic engineering, and etc OD) protecting human life and health, ensuring respect for all human beings 4. According to the information given in paragraph 4, what are the consequences of irradiation for human fetuses? O85) radi OA) decreased fertility in dermatitis: 8) radiation poisoning —@r) misbirth 5. Based on its use in paragraph 3, thyroid describes: @4) a gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism 8) an abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system OB) a large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum OD) a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary Il. COMMUNICATION AND VOCABULARY 6, A: I suggest we contact the agency again. Let's see What they can come up with this time. OA) How do you mean? @B5) Great idea! Let's do it! OB) Really? You On) Okay, thanks for that. surprise me. 7. A: Have you ever taken any of these tests yourself? B: OA Right I see ©) Hmm, interesting question. suppose there're lots of reasons. OB) Mmm, interesting. So, how useful are the tests? ©) Yes, | have. The results were fascinating ‘OxoponeTecn sax0HoM npo asTOpeHKe NpanO ‘©Oimpus, vavw.olimpus.ua8A: We B: @A) Oh, what a pity! hat happened? 5) 'm roaly sor to hear that. What are you going to do? OB) For pity’s saket ©) Ob, come ont He’s never been your type. 9. A: Did you know that women, actually, are better drivers than men? B:. @A)| can't believe that. You must be kidding! OB) Check this out. OB) Let’s make impossible possible. ©) How do you know? 10. are used for tennis, volleyball, football, ball, hockey and badminton. QA) Goats Ob) Bats OB) Wickets ©) nets 1. occurs when people find themselves in t due to a fundamental incompatibility in their personalities. @4)Personaiity clash C6) Mental disorder Ob) Peerpressure Or) Bullying 12. Many cultures have a during the hottest part of the day. /e fallen out with George. QA) brunch Os) festa Op) hors coewre = @N) siesta 13.As ‘such as coal, gas, oil are being used up, governments are keen to find alternative sources of energy. OA) nuclear fuels @5) fossil fuels (OB) synthetic fuels On) liquid fuels 414. Typical works give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images and vibrating patterns. OA) pop art OB) urban art OB) fine art ©) optical art Ml, Grammar 18.1 up early yesterday. It... a beautiful morning. The sun ......... and birds .. @A) woke / was / was shining / were singing O6) was waking / had been / is shining / are singin OB) wake / was / shone / sang Or) woke / was / shone / sang 16. Susan is an interesting person. She different jobs and .. in many places. OA) had done / had lived Os) has been having / has been living @s) has had / has lived On) is doing /is living 17. My train .......... at 11.30, so I need to be at the station by 11.15 OA) shall leave OB) is leaving many @5) leaves On) is going to leave 18. Flight AB123 to Rome is now boarding at Gate 21. @a)-/-/- OB) the /—/ the Ob) Al-la On the/-/a 19, ,! couldn't find a job.” - Kate told me that she find a job. OA) couldn't OB) wasn't able to @b) hadn't been able to Or) cant 20. Have you found the keys you lost? OA) who @5) that @e) which en 21.1 don't know hey live near here. O8) do @ 8) whether On?) weather 22. We regret you that your application has been unsuccessful. Oa informing OB) to have informed @5) 10 inform On having been informed 23, The hotel was ......« expensive than | expected. @A) aot more @5) less @b) a bit more /a litle more @P) much more 24.1 don’t go out you OA) as more as OB) as many as @8) as often as @F) as much as 25.1 haven't got .... friends. @A)a lot of OB) much @e) many ©) tots of 26. Helen wants to go to university when she leaves school. OA) the / the @5)-/- DB) a/ the On ania 27. Corsica is .. land in Mediterranean. @A)—/an/the OB) A/ the J the On -/an/a 28, She asked in my present job. A) whether had | been working OB) how long had I been working @b) how long | had been working On) if had been working 29, course / the / September / in / very /is / which QB) The /the the ©) The course, which s vey dificult, begins in September. OB) The course is very difficult, which begins in ‘September. @b) The course, which begins in September, is very aiffcut. On) very difficult the course, which in September begins, i. 30.1 pretended .. the paper. Oa) to read @5) to be reading OB) reading On) read (OxoponreTecR sexoKOM npa aBTopceK® npaso ‘©Olmpus, www olimpus.ua