Name: Palencia, Cindy BSEd-2B

The Life and Works of Rizal

Activity 3

THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19 TH CENTURY IN RIZAL’S CONTEXT

ACTIVITY

A graphic organizer is visual and graphic display that depicts the relationship
between facts, terms, and/or ideas within a learning task. They are also called knowledge
maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advanced organizers or concept
diagrams.
Use the graphic organizer/table in mapping the changes in the nineteenth century
Philippines, categorizing social, political, economic, and cultural situations. Discuss the
social, political, economic, and cultural situation in the 19 th century Philippines by using at
least two (2) different kinds of graphic organizers. The challenge is for you to present the
same information in two different graphic organizers. Below are some examples of graphic
organizers. You can do it!

During the 19th century, the
economy was very simple. The
prices of their products only cost
centavos.
During the 19th century the people are
courteous to older people rich people
and other. They use Telegrama as
their form of communication to their
loved one who live from a far.

Economic Social

Inflation is high on the prices in We use technology to

the country. We have to process communicate with each other.
a business permit in order to People now a days are selfish
start one. and does not care about other
Nineteenth-Century people
Philippines and the
Friar-Problem
Wearing of the national dress The kastila or amerikano was the
and the music that is simple and ruler of the country. Person with
slow. The songs are very glory are easily chosen to put
order and abuse the people of the
traditional when played.
Philippines.

Cultural Political

We wear what we want and We are a democratic country. We

what we desire. We have the have the right to vote a leader
freedom to expressed ourselves and take it away.
to the clothes to wear.

Bubble Topical Organizer

Basic Outline

A. Economic Conditions
During the 19th century, the Philippines’ economic condition gave rise to Haciendas or the
“cash-crop economy”. Where large parts of lands would be used for crops considered as cash-crop.
Some cash-crops are Sugar, Tobacco, Abaka, and Coffee. Being open to world
trade and having these products abundant in the Philippines, the Philippines became a
major exporter for these products and became well-known in other parts of the world. By
these events, there was a shift from barter system to moneyed economy. The number of families
which prospered from foreign commerce and trade were able to send their sons for an education in
Europe. Filipinos who were educated abroad were able to absorb the intellectual development in
Europe.

B. Social Conditions
The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and master slave relationship
by the Spaniards. Their social structure is ranked into three groups:

1. Highest class – the people that belong in this class include the Spaniards, peninsulares and the
friars. They have the power and authority to rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their
positions and do what they want.

→ The Spanish officials

→ The Peninsulares (Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held the most important
government jobs and made up the smallest number of the population.
→ The friars are members of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four
mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans).

2. Middle Class – the people that belongs into this class includes the natives, mestizos and
the criollos.

→ Natives – the pure Filipinos

→ The Mestizos - are the Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino or European or Chinese
ancestry.
→ Criollos/Insulares - European descent but born in the colonies of Spain. A son or
daughter of a Spanish couple is an insulare.

3. Lowest Class – this class includes the Filipinos only.

→The Indios are the poor people having pure blood Filipino which ruled by the
Spaniards.

C. Political Conditions
The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19th century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard’s
slave. The Spaniards claimed their taxes and they worked under the power of the Spaniards.

1. The Gobernador y capitan- general was the representative of the King of Spain in the
Islands, also the commander-in-chief of the army and navy, president of the Real
Audiencia or the Supreme Court, and the vice-real patron who appoints someone over
ecclesiastical position. The Intramuros was the seat of government, religion, and
economy.

2. The alcalde mayores headed the provinces.

3. While the gobernador cillo was the counterpart of today’s municipal mayor.

4. The cabeza de barangay was then part of kadatuan and was a tax and contributions
collector for the gobernadorcillo.
The Filipinos only held the gobernadorcillo and cabeza de barangay positions.
Sources of Abuses in the Administrative System:
1. There was an appointment of officials with inferior qualifications, without dedication of
duty and moral strength to resist corruption for material advancement. Through the power
and authority the Spaniards possess, they collected and wasted the money of the Filipinos.

2. There were too complicated functions to the unions of the church and the state.

3. Manner of obtaining the position.

Through the power that the Spaniards possess, they had the right to appoint the different positions.
The appointment of positions is obtained by the highest bidder which is the Governor-general of the
country.
4. Term of office

Term of office or term in office is the length of time a person (usually a politician) serves in a
particular office is dependent on the desire of the King of the country.
5. Distance of the colony

The Spanish officials traveled to various places and the needs of the Philippines were ignored. They
did not put too much attention to the needs of the other people. There were inadequate
administrative supervisions, they were unable to face and solve the problems regarding to the
Philippines. There were also overlapping of powers and privileges of officials which made them
competitive.
6. Personal interest over the welfare of the State.

REFLECTION
Reflect on the film: “Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon?” What emotions did you feel
when you watched the movie? Do you think we can return to that kind of society? What lessons have
you learned from the old society? Reflect in no more than five, atleast (5) sentences.

The film was able to address social issues existing at the time like the abuse and the
maltreatment of Filipinos by the Spaniards, lack of proper education of Filipinos living in barrios
and provinces, and the struggle to find the own of identity of the Filipino people. For me most parts
of the film, there is a big confusion in the identity of Filipinos. The other concept that I liked about
this movie was how the level of Kulas’ happiness decreased all throughout his journey. As he
continued in his uncertain adventure, Kulas discovered and learned new things about the world. I
had a lot of fun and learnings watching this classic film.