Chapter 4 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements

4.2 The Periodic Table

Learning Goal Use the periodic table

to identify the group and the period of
an element; identify the element as
a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 The Periodic Table

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
 Periods and Groups

On the periodic table

• elements are arranged according to similar
properties in vertical columns called ..?...

• ...?.... are horizontal rows of elements

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Periods and Groups

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Group Numbers

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Representative Elements – Groups
and Names
Representative elements include
• Group 1A (1), called Alkali metals
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr
• Group 2A (2) called Alkaline earth metals
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra
• Groups 3A (13), 4A (14), 5A (15), and 6A (16)
• Group 7A (17), called Halogens
F, Cl, Br, I, and At
• Group 8A (18), called Noble gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Representative Elements
Group 1A (1) Group 7A (17)
Alkali metals Halogens
Chlorine 1Cl22,
bromine
1Br22, and iodine
1l22 are
halogens from
Group 7A 1172.

Lithium 1Li2,
sodium
1Na2, and
potassium
1K2 are some
alkali metals
from Group
1A 112.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

The heavy zigzag line on the periodic table

separates the metals from nonmetals.
Metalloids border the zigzag line.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Most metals are shiny solids, such as copper
(Cu), gold (Au), and silver (Ag).

Metals are
• Ductile (ulet), can be shaped into wires
• Malleable (dapat ditempa), can be hammered
into a flat sheet
• good conductors of electricity
• melted at much higher temperatures than
nonmetals
• solids at room temperature, except for
mercury (Hg)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Except for aluminum (Al), the elements along
the zigzag line are metalloids.

Metalloids
• include B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, and At
• exhibit some properties typical of metals and
some typical of nonmetals
• are better conductors of heat and electricity
than nonmetals, but not as good as metals
• are semiconductors because they can be
modified to function as conductors or
insulators
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Nonmetals include elements such as hydrogen (H),
carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), chlorine
(Cl), and sulfur (S).

Nonmetals
• not especially shiny, malleable, or ductile,
• are often poor conductors
of heat and electricity
• typically have low melting
points and low densities

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chemistry Link to Health

• Only 20 elements are essential for the well-being

and survival of the human body.
• Only four elements, oxygen (O), carbon (C),
hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) make up 96 % of
our body mass.
• The macrominerals Ca, P, K, Cl, S, Na, and Mg are
involved in the formation of bones and teeth, and
the maintenance of essential body functions.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chemistry Link to Health

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chemistry Link to Health

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chemistry Link to Health

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 TO BE CONTINUED 

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

19