& HUNTRON TRACKER 2000 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL August 1985 ? P/N 21-1052 Rev. 6, 11/90 Huntron® and Tracker® are registered trademarks of Huntron Instruments, Ine. Copysight© 1985, Huntron Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved. Coveted by U.S. patents 3,973,198 and 4,074,195, and vazious other foreign patents. This document may not be copied in whole or in part, oF otherwise reproduced excegt as specifically permitted under U.S. copyright lew, without the prior written consent of Huntzon Instruments, Ine, 35720 Mill Creek Blvd, Mill Creek, WA 98012.TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS rH 12, 13, 4. INTRODUCTION. seed SPECIFICATIONS .....200000-0-0-20 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS | E LIST OF ACCESSORIES.......2.2+-200+ Section 2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2 22, 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 210. 2A. 22. 243. 214, 245. 246, INTRODUCTION 7 7 ered UNPACKING YOUR INSTRUMENT . GENERAL OPERATION FUSE REPLACEMENT .....- PHYSICAL FEATURES ....... Front Panel Back Panel .. Sree nar CRT Display .....--.ceeceteeseeeeeee OPERATION INITIAL SETUP Range Selection Channel Selection Frequeney Selection Pulse Generator HUNTRON SWITCHER 410 CONNECTIONS « TRACKER TRAINING ..... EXTERNAL CLEANING AND LUBRICATION - STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS ..... Section3 THEORY OF OPERATION 3. 32. 33. 3 35. 36, 34, 3.8, 39, 3.10, Ba 342, INTRODUCTION.......- cea FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW Control Logie ..... : Oscitlator .......++ ‘Signal Section Pulse Generator .. CRT Display Power Supply VOLTAGE AND POWER CONSIDERATIONS .. Power ina Resistor . Power ina Diode ... Power ina Zener Diode 2310 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTABLE OF CONTENTS (con’t) . Section 4 MAINTENANCE 41. INTRODUCTION ee 42 SERVICE INFORMATION - . 43. CMOS HANDLING PROCEDURES . 44 DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE. 45. REASSEMBLY PROCEDURE ..... 46. PERFORMANCE TESTS . 4a 47. INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS . 414 48. TROUBLESHOOTING 418 Section 5 LIST OF REPLACEABLE PARTS Si, INTRODUCTION. 52. HOW TO OBTAIN PARTS... Section 6 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS Gi. SCHEMATICS aeeere Gel Section 7 RESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 7a, TESTING RESISTORS SETS meal 72, LowRange .. anne wT 73. Medium i Range 27d I. Medium 2 Range : 12 75. _HighRange ....... ee 76. TESTING CAPACITORS . is: 7-7, TESTING INDUCTORS . 75 78. TESTING FERRITE INDUCTORS . 14 Section 8 TESTING DIODES S__ THE SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS reed 82. Diode Symbol and Definition - ae cee BA 83. The Volt-Ampere Characteris pees BZ 84. SILICON DIODES . 85. Signatures of a Good Diode 86 Signatures of Defective Diodes . 87. _ Signatures of a High Voltage Diode 88. RECTIFIER BRIDGES ..... 89. LIGHT EMITTING DIODES . $10. ZENER DIODES . i HUNTAON TRACKER 2000TABLE OF CONTENTS (Con’t) : Section 9 TESTING TRANSISTORS 3, BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS... 92. An Important Note About Testing Transistors 93. NPN BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS 94. BE Junction : 95. C-BJunetion : 96 C-E Connection freee 97. PNP BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS 98, BB Functions... cece 99. C-Biunction 9-10, CE Connection 9-11. POWER TRANSISTORS - NPN AND PNP 9-12. DARLINGTON TRANSISTORS . 9-12, Comparing B-E Junctions. 9-14. Comparing C-E Connections ae 9-15. Comparing C-B Junctions...... 9-16. JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT ‘TRANSISTORS - = 9-17. Gate-Source Connection .. : 918 _Drain-Gate Connection : 9-19. Drain-Source Connection 916 920. MOS FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS 9.16 9-21, MOSFET WITH PROTECTION DIODE ... 947 9-22, Gate-Souree Connection jagiv---e++s+-mrab 9.18 9.23. Drain-Gate Connection S99 9.24 Drain-Source Connection ..... 9.20 925. MOSFET WITHOUT A PROTECTION DIODE 1921 Section 10. USING THE PULSE GENERATOR 10-1. INTRODUCTION . - eoeeee 101 10-2, SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS SCR. 10-1 103. TRIAC DEVICES .....-.....- hos 104, TRANSISTORS . 107 105. OPTOCOUPLERS oa 110.10 106, Transistor Optacoupler ........ A 210-11 10-7, Darlington Transistor Optocouplet -....2-seeeeeese+ T1045 108. SCR Optocoupler ..... ae fo 1019 109, Triage Optocoupler « vee 10.23 10-10. Photocell Optocoupler =~ a 11026 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL WwTABLE OF CONTENTS(con’t) Section 11 TESTING MULTIPLE COMPONENT CIRCUITS TEL. 2000 DIAGNOSTIC PRINCIPLES . 11-2, DIODE/RESISTOR CIRCUITS 113. Diode In Parallel With A Resistor - 11-4. Diode In Series With A Resistor 11-5. DIODE AND CAPACITOR PARALLEL COMBINATION 1-6 RESISTOR AND CAPACITOR PARALLEL COMBINATIO) 11-7. INDUCTOR AND DIODE PARALLEL COMBINATION . Section 12 TESTING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS i. INTRODUCTION... vieT 12-2, Integrated Circuit Technology ....-.++.e0+2-05 2A 123. _ Integrated Circuit Testing Techniques .... : 222 124 LINEAR OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 23 LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORS - 128 12-6. The 7805 Regulator 2128 12-7, The 7905 Regulator . 7 desceteseee AH 12-8. $55 TIMERS ....... 7 v12a4 129, TTL DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS. +++1220 1240. General 1220 1211, TTL Devices With Teen POH Output i erate seeeceatey (22 W212 LSTTL Devices ...e-----eeseceeee cescsesessessessessees ID24 12-13. TriState LS TTL Devices oe.seeececseesesseeeeeeees Satie 12-25 1214. CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ..2... : veveeee 1228 1215. Quad NAND Gate..... : 1229 12-16. Analog Switch... sae oe Seether 1230 12.17, MOS STATIC RAM - aerate eae tae 12418, EPROM....... 1236 12-19. BIPOLAR PROM wee +1240 1220, DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER 12.43 1221, MICROPROCESSORS .......-+- 1247 Section 13. TESTING COMPONENTS BY COMPARISON 131. INTRODUCTION 132, SETUP PROCEDURES . POWER TRANSISTORS MJE2#0 . ‘MIE240B-E Junction .... MIE240 C-E Connection «.... HIGH VOLTAGE DIODE HV1SF 100uF 25V ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR w HUNTRON TRACKER 2000TABLE OF CONTENTS (con’t) @ Section 14 SOLVING BUS PROBLEMS 161 INTRODUCTION .. eT 142. STUCK WIRED-OR BUS .. seeeee AD 143. UNSTUCK WIRED-OR BUS 1 14-4, MEMORIES «4.000005 wee Section 15 TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS 151. TIPS ON USING YOUR 2000... Tone ISL Appendices AppendixA HUNTRON TRACKER CMOSTEST cee Ad AppendixB HUNTRON TRACKER TTL AND CMOS TESTS .. Ba OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL (ReeLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Description Huntron Tracker 2000 Front Panel ....... Back Panel .. : CRT Display Alltemate Mode Setup ‘AutojAltemate Sequence ae Pulse Generator Comparison Mode .. Pulse Generator Selector Chart . 2000/Switcher Interconnection 2000 Block Diagram ... Range Scanning Sequence with AUTO and ALT Active Signal Section Equivalent Circuit ......... ‘Open Cireuit Display All Ranges ..... Short Circuit Display All Ranges : Pulse Generator/Signal Section len Circuit - Pulse Generator Waveforms Resistor Test Circuit Diode Test Circuit Diode Current Waveform Zenes Diode Test Circuit ete Zener Diode Signature... eee eeeeee ae 310 310 Case Screws Removal e+ ese+++ CRT Assembly Removal .....sesereees Signal PCB Assembly Removal Power Transformer Removal .. Main PCB Assembly Removal .. : Front Control Assembly Removal... Control PCB Assembly Removal . Main PCB Adjustment Locations... Signal PCB Adjustment Locations . Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP4 - Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TPS (400 H2) Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TPS (2000 Hz) . Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP6 (50/60 Hz) Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP6 (400 Hz) Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP6 (2000 Hz) Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP9 (50/60 Hz) Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP9 (400 Hz) «. Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP9 (2000 Hz) .. Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP10 (50/60 Hz) . Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1& TP11 (open) . a4 ls 423 424 24.24 425 425 4.26 426 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (con’t) Description @ = BL 32 384 as 86 87 8a 8-8 298 8.9 8.9 8.94 890 3-108 8.105 + 8a 812 13 B14 @ ais ‘Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TPII (hort) ‘Signal PCB Waveforms: TP1 & TP12 (open) Signal PCB Waveforms: TPI & TP12 (short) Final Assembly . : 52. Front Control ASembly .. 53 CRT Assembly 53 Main PCB Component Locations . Main PCB Schematic ......- Signal PCB Component Locations . Signal PCB Schematic Contzol PCB Component Locations Control PCB Schematic aol Effects of Resistance on the Rotation Angle - Low Range .+.++.++s+++ Effects of Resistance on the Rotation Angle - Medium 1 Range Effects of Resistance on the Rotation Angle - Medium 2 Range Ete of Restanss nth Rotation Angle - High Range Signatures of a 0.22uF Capacitor. Signatures of a 250 mEf Inductor « Signatures of a 490 mf Ferite Inductor Tested at 60 Hz. Signatures of a 490 mH Ferrite Inductor ested at 400 Hz... Signatures of 2 490 mil Ferrite Inductor Tested at 2000 Hz........ Diode Symbol . AN Tonction Biased in the Forward Dizestion P.N Junction Biased in the Reverse Direction ..... The Volt-Ampere Characteristic of a Semiconduetog Diode - Signatures of a Silicon Diode at 60 Hz : Signatare of an Open Diode -....-.+ Effect of Resistance on the Signature in Low Range at 60 Hz « Signature Deviation from a Good Diode in Low Range at 60 Hz = Signature Deviation from @ Good Diode in Medium 1 Range st 60 Hz... Model of Diode with Leakage Resistance of R. é Influence of Leakage Resistance in Low Range at 60 Hz . Influence of Leakage Resistance in Medium 1 Range at 60 Hz Influence of Leakage Resistance in Medium 2 Range at 60 Hz Influence of Leakage Resistance in High Range at 60 Hz .. ‘Signatures of a IN4001 and an HV30 in Low Range at 60 Hz Signatures of a IN4OO1 and an HV30 in Low Range st 2000 Hz Rectifier Bridge Test Connection-AC Input ...+.+ Signature of a Good Rectifier Bridge (All Ranges at Signature with D2 or D4 Shorted in Low Range at 60 Fiz . Signature with D1 or D3 Shorted in Low Range at 60 Hz. Rectifier Bridge Connections-DC Output. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL * (ReLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (con’t) , Figure Deseription S16 Signature of the DG Output in Low Range at 60 Hz... 817 Reatifier Bridge Reversed Test Connections $18 Signature with the DC Output Reversed in Low Range st 60 Hiz 819 LED Signatures 8.20 Characteristics of a Typical 30V Zener Diode... 821 Signatures of a 1N5242 Zener Diode at 60 Hz .......+ 8.22 ‘Signature of a good Zener Diode in Medium 1 Range at 60 Hiz .. 823 Signature of an inferior Zener Diode in Medium 1 Range at 60 Hz ..... 8:24 Signatures of a PN2222 B-E Junction at 60Hz c 8.25 Signatures of a PN2222 B-E Junction in High Range at 2000 Ha 91 PNP Transistor and Cireuit Symbol ood 92 NPN Transistor and Cireuit Symbol ...... 54 9-3 Equivalent Cireuit of an NPN Transistor ......++e01+ 292 9-4 Signatures of an NPN Trassstor 2N3904) at 60 Hz Bese with Emiter as Cammon .-..9°3 9S Signatures of an NPN Transistor (2N3904) at 60 Hz Collector with Base as Common... 9-4 9-6 Signatures of an NPN Transistor (2N3904) at 60 Hz Collector with Emitter es Common 9-4 9-7 Equivalent Cizuit of a PNP Transistor... 95 9° Signatures of a PNP Transistor (2N3906) at 60 Hz Base with Emiter as Common ..-..9-5 9.9 Signatures of a PNP Transistor (2N3806) at 60 Hz Collector with Base as Commen ....9-6 9.40 Signatures of a PNP Transistot (2N3906) at 6@'He Collector with Emitter as Common . 9-7 5-1 Signatures of an NPN Power Transistor (TIPSO) at 60 Hz and 2000 Hz Base with Emitter as Common : 98 9-12 Darlington Transistor-Schematie Diagrams - 98 9-13 The TIPI2 Darlington Transistor ae 98 9414 — Base-Emitter Test Circuit . 99 9-15 Signature Comparison of a Darlington Transistor (TIP112) and 2 Regu Transistor (TIP2S) at 60 He Base with Emitter as Common ... 90 9.16 — Collector-Emitter Test Circait ....... “ gal 9-17 Signature Comparison of a Darlington Transistor (TIPL12) and @ a Remo ‘Transistor (1IP29) at 60 Hz Collector with Emitter as Common ....2+e.2+e+++++ 912 9-18 Circuit Symbol for an N-Channel JFET. : a 293 919 Basic Structure of an N-Channel TFET «...+.e.scssseers 93 9-20 Signatures of an N-Channel JFET (2NS638) at 60 Hz Gate with Source as Common 9-14 921 Signatures of an N-Channel JFET (25638) at 60 Hz Drain with Gate as Common ... 9-15, 9-22 Signatures of an N-Channel JFET (2N5638) at 60 Hz Drain with Source as Common .. 9-16 9-23 N-Channel and P-Channel MOSFET Devices ..... : : 97 924 VNIOKM MOSFET with a Gate-Soaree Protection Diode eee eo 925 Signatures of an N-Chanel Enhancement Mode MOSTET (VNIOKM) 260 He Gate with Source as Common «+...» 918 9:26 Signatures of an Enhancement Mode MOSFET (VNIOKM) at 60 Hz Drain with Gate as Common . 919 9.27 Signatures of an Enhancement Mode MOSFET (VNIOKM) at 60 Hz Drain with Source as Common. Gate Open Circuit « +920 9.28 VNIOLM MOSFET without a Gate-Source Protection Diode 921 10-1 Silicon Controlled Rectifier... a 104 10-2 Signatures of a C103 SCR at 60 Hz Gate with Cathode as Common pees 102 10-3 SCR Test Circuit using Pulse Generator Sere +102 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (con’t) Figure Description Page 04 Zero Level All Ranges at 60 Hz 10d 10.5 Effect of the Level Control (Width=Max) at 60 Hz . a 2103 10-7 Low Range at 60 Hz ....... . 2104 10-8 The Construction and Symbol of a Trise 105 10-9 Gate-MT1 Equivalent Circuit 2105 10-10 Signatures of a 2N6G70 Trine at 60 Hiz Gate with MT1 #5 Common 10-6 10-11 Triae Test Circuit Using Pulse Generator ee = 10-6 10.12 MTL-NT2 Signatures of a 2N6070 Triac with Gate Connected to Pulse Generstor at 60 He. 10-130 NPN Transistor Tet Citeuit Using Pulse Generators... 107 10-8 10-13b Medium 1 Range at 60 Hz. foe 108 10-144 Effect of the Level Control on the NEN Test (Width-Max) Medium 1 Range OOH eevee 108 load Effect ofthe Wikkh Control at Contant Level on NPN test, Medio 1 Rane 260 He --109 10-15 PNP Transistor Test Circuit Using the Pulse Generator 22109 10-156 Medium 1 Range at 60 Hz +1040 10-15e Effect of Level Control (Wicth-Max) Mediam 1 Range at 60 Hz 10-10 10-154 Effect of the Width Control at a Constant Level Medinm 1 Range at 60 Hz 10:10 1016 Pin Configuration of a 4N25 Transistor Optocoupler 10-11 1017 Signatures of the LED of a 4N25 a 60 He Pin Lwih Pin 225 Common - 10-11 @ 10-18 Signatures of the Base-Emitier of a 4N25 at 60°Ri Pin 6 with Pin 4 as Common ..... 10-12 7’ 10-19 Signature of the Collector-Eminer of a 4N25 at 60 Hz Pin 5 with Pin 4 as Common. . 10-12 10-20 Optocoupler Test Connections Using Pulse Generator ..... LEE Os 10214 Effect ofthe Level Contol (Width-Max) Medium 1 Range at 60 He ... soa 10-21b Effect of the Width Control at a Constant Level Mediam 1 Range at 60 Hz 10-14 1022 Pulse Generator Comparison Mode ....-. sod in Configuration of a 4N31 Datington Transistor Optocoupler « 10.15 Signatares of the LED of 4N31 at 60 Hz Pin { with Pin 2.as Common ... “10-15 Signarares of the Base-Emitter of a 4N31 at 60 Hz Pin 6 with Pin 4 as Common ..... 10-16 Signatures of the Collector-Emitter of a 4N31 at 60 Hz Pin 5 with Pin 4 as Common . . 10-16 ‘Test Circuit for a 4N3? with Pulse Generator . +10-17 Signature Variations of a N31 as a Function of Pale Level (Maximum Pulse a) at 60 Hz . a 7 10-18 10-29 Fin Configuration of an H1IC3 SCR Optocoupler ..--.---..-- 10-19 10-30 Signatures of the LED of an H1IC3 at 60 Hz Pin 1 with Pin 2 as Common 10:19 10-31 Signatures Between Anode and Cathode of an HL1C3 at 60 Hz Pin 5 with Pin 4 as Common .... ; 10.20 1032 Signatures Betveen Cathode and Gate of an HIICS 260 He Pin 5 with Fin § a5 Common «... : : -- 1020 10-33. Test Cirenit for an HLIC3 with Pulse Generator s.esssse 21021 1034 Signature Variations of a HLICS as a Function of Pulse Level forthe Maximum Pulse Wieth at 60 Ha . a : oe 10.22 1035 Pin Configuration of a MOC3OI0 Teiae Optocoupler s...-.esse+ cis 1023 10-36 Signatures of the LED part of a MOC3010 at 60 Hz Pin 1 with Pin 2 as Common .... 10-23 10-37 Signatures of the Trige of a MOC3O10 at 60 Hz Pin 6 with Pin $ as Common 1024 ® 10-38 Test Circuit for a MOC3010 Triae with Pulse Generator wastseneneesenes LODE OPERATION ANO WAINTENANCE MANUAL (EELIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (con’t) _ Figure Deseription Page 10:39 Signature’ Variations of @ MOC30I0 as a Function of the Pulse Level (Maximum Pulse Width) at 60 Hz 0... eee +. 10-25 1040 Fin Configuration of a CLMS1 Photocell Optocoupler 110.26 10-41 Signatures ofthe LED of a CLMS1 at 60 Hz Pin 1 with Pin 2 as Common - 110-26 10-42 Signatures of the Cell of a CLMS1 at 60 Hz Pin 6 with Pin 5 as Common 11027 1043 Test Circuit for a CLMSi with Pulse Generator ....+++.++ Serato 10-44 Signature Variations of a CLMSI as a Function of the Pulse Level (Maximum Pulse Width) at 60 Hz See st aoe 11-1 Parallel Diode/Resistor Signatures-Low Range «.+.-+.-.++ vel 11-2 Parallel Diode/Resistor Signatures-Medium 1 Range . 413 113 Diode/Resistor Equivalent Cizenits i sa 114 Low Range Signatures for Various Resistors and Series Diode at 60 Hi .--.. vss. 11-4 11-5 Medium 1 Range Signatures for Various Resistors and Series Diode at 60 H2 ........ 1-5 11-6 Medium 2 Range Signatures for Various Resistors and Series Diode at 60 Hz ........ 1-5 1-7 High Range Signatures for Various Resistors and Series Diode at 60 Fiz aes 118 Signatures of 0.14F Capacitor in Parallel with 1N4001 Diode Tested at 60 Hz and 2000 He...» Ma 11-9 Signatues of Is Capacitor in Pralel with 1N4OOi Diode Tested at 60 Hz and 2000 Hz eee e sess camee ye wares seseeeeeceeeees IS 1110 Signatures of 100nF Capacitor im Parallel with INSOO1 Diode Tested at 60 Hz ‘end 2000 He - m9 UAL Effects of a SOKO Resistor on a0.1HF Capacitor in the High Range at 60 H2 ....... 11-10 1112 Effects of a 1KO Resistor on a 1uF Capacitor in the Medium 1 Range at 60 Hz ..... 11-10 1-13 Signatures of = IN4001 Diode in Parallel with an Aromat Relay HBIE-DCI2 nell 121 Typical Integrated Circuit Construction ....-+++++ a 122 The LM1458 Op Amp, Schematic and Connections 124 123 Signatures Between Pin 4 (V-) and Pin 8 (V+) of an LMLA3@ at 60 Hz « 124 12-4 —Signanues Between Pin 2 (averting Input) and Pin'8 (V+) of an LMLAS8 at 60 Hz... 125 125 Signatures Between Pin 3 (Non-Inverting Input) and Pin 8 (V+) of an LM1458 tOOHZ ..... 125 126 Signatures Between Pin I (Output) and Pin &(V+) of an LMi458 at 60 Hz .. 126 12-7 Signatures Between Pin 2 (inverting Input) and Pin 4 (V-) of an LMI458 at 60 Hz... 12-6 128 Signatures Between Pin 3 (Non-laverting Input) and Pin 4 (V=) of an LMI6SB st 60 Hz12-7 12-9 Signatures Between Pin 1 (Output) and Pin 4 (V-) of an LM1458 at 60 Hz .. 127 1210 Signatures Between Pin 8 (V+) and Pin 4 (V-) of a Defective LMI458 at 60 Hz ..... 128 I211 Schematic and Pin Layout of the 7805... ee 129 12412 Signaues Between the Input and Ground Pins - 7805 at 60 Hz... 2129 3213 Signatures Between the Output and Ground Pins - 7805 at 60 Hz... -...+0.-000+ 1210 12-14 Signatures Between the Input and Output Pins - 7805 at 60 Hz . 12:10 1241S Signatures Between the Input and Output Pins of a Defective 7805 at 60 Hz. Ru 1216 Schematic and Pin Layout ofthe 7905 ..... 212-12 12.17 Signatures Between the Input and Ground Pins - 7905 at 60 Hz 7 12.12 1218 Signatures Between the Output and Ground Pins - 7905 at 60 Hz........ 1213 12-19 Signatures Between the Input and Output Pins - 7905 at 60 Hz... - 12.13 12-20 Signatures Between the Input and Output Pins of a Defective 7905 at 60 Hz ........ 12-14 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (con’t) Figure Description Page 1221 Schematic and Pin Layout of an LMS55 Timer 12.22 Signatures Between Pin 2 (Trigger) and Pin 1 of an LMSS5 Timer at 60 Hz 12-23 Signatures Between Pin 3 (Output) and Pin 1 of an LMS55 Timer at 60 Hz 12:24 Signatures Between Pin 4 (Reset) and Pin 1 of an LMSSS Timer at 60 Hz... 12.25 Signatures Between Pin 5 (Control Voltage) and Pin 1 of an LMSSS Timer at 60 Hz 12.26 Test Circuit of an LMS55 Pin 5 and Pin 1 12.27 Signatures Between Pin 6 (Threshold) and Pin I of an LMSSS Timer at 60 He - 12-28 Signatures Between Pin 7 Discharge) and Pin 1 of an LMS95 Timer at 60 Hz 12.29 Signatures Between Pin 8 (Vex) and Pin 1 of an LMS55 Timer at 60 Hz. 2 1230 Signatures Between Pin 8 (Vex) and Pin 1 of a Damaged LMSS5 Timer at 60 Hz ..... 1231 Various TTL Implementations . eee 12.32 Signatures Between an Input Pin and the Ground Pin of a 7410 at 60 Hz 12.33 Signatures Between an Output Pin and the Ground Pin of a 7410 at 60 Hi «=... 1234 Signatures Between the Vee Pin and the Ground Pin of & 7410 at 60 Hz. 12-35 Signatures Between an Input Pin and the Ground Pin of a 7410 at 60 Hz 12:36 Signatures Between an Input Pin and Output Pin of a 74LS32 at 60 Hz . 1237 “Signatures Between the Vee Pin and Ground Pin of a 74L$32 at 60 Hz 12:38 Typical Tei-State Output Control . net i 1239 Pin Layout of a 74LS125 ..... 12-40 Signatures Between an Inpui-Pin and the Grousé:Bin of a 74LS125 at 60 Ha... 12-41 Signatures Between the Enable Pin and the Ground Pin of 2 7418125 at 60 Hz ...... 12-42 Signatures Between the Voc Pin and the Ground Pin of s 74LS125 at 60 Hz .....- 12-43 Schematic and Pin Layout of 2 4011B 4... “ 12-44 Signatures Between an Input Pin and Var-Vse of a 40118 at 60 Hz ae 1245 Signatures Between an Qutput Pin and Vss-Vad of ¢ 401 1B at 60 Hz 1246 Schematic and Pin Layout of a 4016B .. a 1247 Signatures Berween aa Input Pin and Vac Vee ofa 40168 at 60 He 1248 Signatures Between an Output Pin and Vss-Vad of 2 4016B at 60 He... 12-49 Signatures Between a Control Pin and Vas Vea of 44016B at 60 Hz 12-50 Signatures Between an Input Pin and Vay-Vaa of a Defective 4016B at 60 Hz . 12-51 Pin Layout of a 2114A Static RAM ....- 12-52 Signatures Between an Address Pin and the Ground Pin of @ 2114A Static RAM OOH: ...... soeeee 1233 12.53 Signatures Between the CS Pin and the Ground Pin of a 2114A Static RAM at 60 Hz 134 12-54 Signatures Between the WE Pin and the Ground Pin of «21144 static RAM. at 60 Hz... vee TRE 12:55 Signatures Between an I/O Pin and the Ground Pin ofa 2114A Static RAM OOK: ... 2.35 12:56 Signatures Between the Vax Pin and the Ground Pin of 2114A Static RAM BOOK oe eeeeeececeeeeeneeees BuO SS 1257 Pin Layout of @ 27080L......-. 21236 12-58 Signatures Betwoon an Address Pin and the Vos Pin ofa 270801 at 60 Ha v....s....- 1237 12-59 Signatures Berween an Output Pin and the Ves Pin of a 2708IL at 60 Hz... 1237 12-60 Signatures Between the Program Pin and the Vas Pin of a 2708IL at 60 Hz . 1238 1261 Signatures Between the Vaa Pin and the Vss Pin of 2 2708UL at 60 Hz . 1238 12-62 Signatures Between the CS Pin and the Vas Pin of a 2708JL at 60 Hz . 1239 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (con’t) Figure _Deseription Page 12-63 Signatures Between the Vbp Pin and the Vex Pin of a 2708IL at 60 Hz ... 1239 12-64 Signatures Between the Vee Pin and the Ves Pin of a 2708IL at 60 Hz 1240 12-65 Pin Layoutof a 6301-3 -.-.....-+- 12.40 12.66 Signatures Between an Alddees Pin and the Ground Pin ofa 6301-18 at 60 Hz «..... 1241 12-67 Signatures Between an Output Pin and the Ground Pin of a 6301-1) at 60 Hz ....... 12-41 12-68 Signatures Between the E2 Pin and the Ground Pin of 2 6301-11 at 60 Hz 1242 12-69 Signatures Between the Vee Pin and the Ground Pin of a 6301-J at 60 Hz - 21242 12-70 “Bin Layout and the Equivalent Circuit of a DACO800L 21243 12-71 Signatues Between the Vie Pin andthe V" Pin of a DACOSOOL at 60 Hz -......... 1243 12-72 Signatures Between the Tout Pin and the V" Pin of a DACO80OL at 60 Hz eres 12-73 Signatures Between a Digital Input Pin and the V" Pin of a DACO8O0L at 60 Hz..... 12-44 12-74 Signatures Between the Vref() Pin and the V” Pin of a DACOGOOL at 60 Hz ....... 1285 Signatures Between the Vaet-) Pin and the V" Pin of a DACOSOOL at 60 He ........ 12-45 Signatres Between the Compenstion Pin and the V" Pin ofa DACOGO0L st 60 Hz «12-46 Signatures Between the V" and V" Pins of DACOSOOL at 60HZ «..-..+..++0+++- 246 Pin Layout of an 80804. har Signataes Between an Address Pin andthe -5V Pin ofan SO80A at 60 Hz. 247 Signatures Between a Data Pin andthe -5V Pin ofan 80804 at 6 Ha. 134s Signatures Between the Reset Pin and the -5V Pin of an SO80A at 60 Fiz hae Signatres Borween the *5V Pin and the -SV Pin of an SO80A at 60 Hz. esscosc.sc 128 Signatures Between the +12V Pin and the -SV Pin ofan 8OBOA at 60 Hz.-.....5... 1249 Signatures Between the INTR.Pin and the -SV:Pig ofan SO80A at 60 Fz 12.50 LBL Atere Mae Sip oer eae 132 Signatues Berween Base-Emizer of «Good MIE240 Transistor 33 13-3 Signatures Between Base-Emitter of a Defective MJE240 Transistor . 13-3 13-4 Signatures Berween Collector-Emitter of a Good MJE240 Transistor, tee Tt 13.5 Signatures Between Collector-Emitter of a Defective MJE240 Transistor. BS 13-6 Signatures of a Good HVISF Diode . - ate 136 13-7 Signatures of s Defective HVISF Diode 136 “BT 137 138 Signatures of a Known Good Capacitor ....2..2y-+++ 13-9 Signatures of a Defective Capacitor ......2seseeeseeres a HUNTAON TRACKER 2000LIST OF TABLES Table Description T-_ Tracker 2000 Specifications «.-..-.+++ 21 "Front Penel Controls & Connectors 22 Back Panel Controls é Connectors. an 23 Horizontal Sensitivities 31 Terminal Characters ne 41 Power Supply Limits ae 42 Power Supply Troubleshocting Guide . 43 Performance Test Troubleshooting Guide ... 44 Additional Troubleshooting Guide . ae 61 DC Resistonse of Coils end Transformer... 4 Pulse Generator Terminal. Wiring Hamess 61 63 Test Terminal Wiring Hamess.-.... elt 6-4 CRT Assembly Wiring HaffBss :...... : 612 65 Power Transformer Assembly Wiring Hamess veeeeeeee O13 qT Minar (Capectionca Values sere reer LL Diggnostie Table 1 L ‘OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL itv Blan€ SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS 4-1, INTRODUCTION. ‘The Hunton Tracker 2000, shown in Figure 1-1, is @ versatile troubleshooting tool having the following. features: + Mulupl test signal frequencies (50/60 Hz, 400 Hz, 2000 Ha) +” Four impedance ranges (low, medium 1, medium 2, igh). © Automatic range seanaing. +” Range contol: High Lockout + Rate of chanel altemation andor range scanning is adjustable. + Dun polatty pulse generator for dynamic testing of three terminal devices. LED indicators forall Functions. © Dual channel capability for easy comparison t, Po eriea vee e Figure 11, Hanon Tragker 2000. (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 4INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS 1-2, SPECIFICATIONS ‘The specifications for the Tracker 2000 are listed in Table 1-1. ‘Table 1-1 ‘Tracker 2000 Specifications ELECTRICAL Impedance Ranges Unless otherwise specified, all measurements are within = 5% ‘Terminal Chatacteristics: Rage Opes Ciouit ‘Shor Cheat ‘Voltage (Vp) Current (Ams) 0% | ‘High [ay 0.57 Medium 2 20 053 Medium 1 15 as lew 10 132 ~ Avtoranging Rate adjustable from 0.3 Hz to 5 Hz Test Signal Waveform . : sine wave Frequencies . + 50/60 Hi, 400 iz, 2000 Hz. Channels | Number . a3 “Alternation Rate oe... adjustable from 0.$ He to 10 Hz Overload Protection ‘lg Amp type AGC intemal fuse {operator replaceable) Pulse Generator Level... DC mode .. alse mode Frequendy «+ Duty Cycle Output Impedance . | Short Cireuit Current 2 « vadjustable from zero.to +5 VDC ( #10%) ‘with respect to instrument common produces positive DC or negative DC | produces positive pues, negative pases, or both same a selected test signal fequeney “ adjstable from -0% to 50% for each pulse polacty : 1000 (each oxtpe:) .50mA + 10% (each output) i LHUNTRON TRACKER 2000|NTRODUCTION ANO SPECIFICATIONS. | Table 14 (Con’t) "Tracker 2000 Specifications ELECTRICAL (con't) Display Type oeeseeeeeeeececeeressesesssses+ Monochrome CRT Sie eteraite ceseesese+2.8" (Tem) diagonal Acceleration Potential... 1320VDC # 20VDC (regulated) Power Requirements * ACLine Voltage O0VAC, 115VAG, or 230VAC Frequency 47 Hz- 400 Hz Power... : seseeee+ 20 Watts max. Line Fuse ....seeceeees ees Yq Amp type AGC Gntemnal - operator replaceable) * Note: LISVAC and 230VAC are selectable via an internal switch. 100VAC models ‘will only work at tat voltage. GENERAL Size oo Waxed" Hx" (23em W x 10cm Hx 28em D) Weight ...ceccccecre +6 Tbs, 8.07. (3.0 ke) Shock and Vibration... + ill withstand shock and vibration encountered in commercial shipping and handling. ENVIRONMENTAL | Operating Temperature .....2..s.2s.2++40°Ct0 +50°C (32°F to 12°F) Storage Temperature ... sores 250°C 10 460°C (-58°F t0 +140°F) Relative Humidity .. seres+010 70% RH. (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MAKUAL “aINTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS 14 This . SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: ‘manual contains information, cautions, and wamings the user must follow to ensure safe operation, and to keep the instrument in safe condition. WARNING ‘A warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure or practice ‘Which, ifnot correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. CAUTION ‘A.caution also dengtes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure or practice Which, ifnot correetly performed or adhered to, could resuit in damage to or destruction of part or all of the instrument, 1-4, LIST OF ACCESSORIES ‘The following accessories are available: To 4 TTEMNUMBER _HUNTRONPIN__NSN# Switcher 410 99-0090 6605-01-164-2224 ‘Tracker Trainer 98-0055 i Power Cord G15V/100¥) 98-0015 ° ower Cord (230V) 98-0016 : “Micro Clips 98-0036 : Common Test Clips 98-0043, - Hiustron Mieroprobes 98.0078 Operation & Maintenance Manzal 21-1052 - cxder aay of the above items, ot for further information, please contact Huntron, HUNTRON TRACKER 2000,SECTION 2 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-1, INTRODUCTION ‘This section describes the basic operation of the Tracker 2000. Throughout the rest of this manual the ‘Tracker 2000 will be referred to simply as a “2000". Take time to read this section carefully so that you can take full advantage of all of the troubleshooting capabilities of the 2000, 2-2, UNPACKING YOUR INSTRUMENT ‘Your instrument was shipped with two Huntron Microprobes (one red and one blacl), two common test leads (black), two micro clip Ieads (blue), @ power cord, and this manual. Check the shipment cerefully and contact the place of purchase if anything is missing or damaged in shipment. If reshipment is necessary, please use the original shipping carton and packing foam. If these are not available, be sure thet adequate protection is provided to prevent damage during shipment. See Section 4-2 for shipping information, 2-3. GENERAL OPERATION Components are tested by the 2000 using a two terminal system (three terminal system when the built-in pulse generator is used), where two test leads are placed on the leads of the component under test. The 2000 tests components in-cireuit, even when there are several components in parallel ‘The 2000 is only intended for use in boards end systems with all voltage sources in a power-off condition. 4.0.25 ampere signal fuse is connected in series with the channel A and B test terminals. Accidental contact of the test leads to active voltage sources (e.g. line voltage, powered-up boards or systems, charged high voltage capacitors, etc), may cause this fuse to open, making replacement necessary. When the signal fase blows, short circuit signatures will be displayed even withthe test leads open. CAUTION ' ‘The device to be tested must have all power turned off, and have all high ‘voltage capacitors discharged before connecting the 2000 tothe device. The Tine fuse should only open when there is an internal failure inside the instrument. .Therefore the problem should always be located and comected before replacing this fuse. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL atOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS -4. FUSE REPLACEMENT To replace either fuse, disconnect the 2000 from the power line. Remove the four case screws located on the underside of the ease and liftoff the top case half (see Section 4-4). The signal fuse is located in back of the front panel on the signal printed circuit board assembly (referto Figure 6-3). The line fose islocated at the back of the main printed circuit board assembly behind the CRT (refer to Figure 6-2). Replace cither fuse with a 0.254, 250V, type AGC fase. . 2-5. PHYSICAL FEATURES: Before you begin to use the 2000, please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the instrument. [All of the externally accessible features are discussed in Sections 2-6, 2-7 and 2-8, 2-6, Front Panel ‘The front panel of the 2000 is designéd to make function selection easy. Allpush buttons are momentary action and have integral LED indicators that show which functions are active. Refer to Figure 2-1 and ‘Table 2-1 for a detailed description of each item on the front panel. 22 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000, Figure 21. Front Panel \ HUNTRON TRACKER 2000OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Table2-1 Front Panel Controls and Connectors Item No. | Name Funetion 1 | HoRtz Controt Controls the horizontal postition of the CRT display. 2. | VERT Control Controls the vertical position of the CRT display. 3 | INTENSITY Control | Controls the intensity of the CRT display. Power On/O#f Switen | Power Switeh: Rotate elockvise to turn on. 4 | TRACE ROTATE | Controls the trace rotation of the CRT aisplay. Control 3_| RT Disphy Displays the component signatures produced by the 2000. 6 | Range Selectors Push buttons that select one of four impedance ranges: low, medium 1, medium 2, and high 7 | AUEO Switen Push button tht initiates automatic scanning of the four a ranges from low to high. The scanning speed is determined by £ the RATE control (sez item #14) Chafnet A Switch | Push button that causes channel A to be displayed, 9 Chathel A, Fused test lead connector that is active when channel A is ‘TesteTerminal selected. Alltest lead connectors aecept standard banana eet plogs. 1 | ALT Switch Push bation that causes the 2000 to altemate between channel A and channel B st a speed determined by the RATE control (Gee item #14) 11 | COM Test Terminal | Test lead connector thet is instrument common and the common reference point for both channel.A and channel B. 12__| Chantel B switch [Push button that causes channel B to be displayed. 13 Chatmel, B Fused test lead connector that is active when channel B is ‘Test“Terminal selected. 14_|_RATE Control Controls the rate of channel alteration and/or range scanning. 15_| Gi &G2Teminals | Pulse generator output test lead connectors, 16 _| WIDTH Control Contols the duty cycle of the internal pulse generator. 17_| LEVEL Control Controls the amplitude of the intemal pulse generator. 18 | Pulse Generator Push buttons that select various output modes of the pulse Selectors generator: Positive (+), Negative (Q, and PULSE/DC, 19 | Frequency Selectors | Push buttons that select one of the three test signat frequencies: 50/60 Hz, 400 He, and 2000 Hz. 20 | HIGH LOCKOUT | Push bution that activates a mode where itis not possible to Switch enter the high range either by manual or avtomatic range selection 28OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-7, Back Panel Secondary controls and connectors are on the back panel. Refer to Figure 22and Table 22for a detailed esctipton of each item on the back panel. mp = | Figure 2.2. Back Panel Table2-2 Back Panel Controls & Connectors Accessory Output Connector which provides power and clock to the Connector Huntron Switcher Mode! 410. 2 Power Cord Connector] IEC standard connector that mates with any CEE-22 power cord. 3 | FOCUS Control Controls the focus om the CRT display. 2-8, CRT Display ‘The CRT displays the signature ofthe components being tested. The displayhasa graticule consisting of 1 horizontal exis which represents voltage, and a vertical axis which represents current. The axes divide ‘the display into Zour quadrants. Each quadrant displays different portions of the signatures. Quadrant 1 displays positive voltage (+¥) and positive current (+1), quadrant 2 displays negative voltage (-V) and positive carrent (+), quadrant 3 displays negative voltage (-V) and negative curent (-D), and quadrant 4 displays positive voltage (+ V) and negative carrent (-I). See Figure 2-3. ae HUNTRON TRACKER 2000OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ‘The horizontal axis is divided in eight divisions, which allow the operator to estimate the voltage at which cchanges in the signature occur. This ismainly useful in determining semiconductor junction voltages under cither forward or reverse bias. Table 2-3 lists the approximate horizontal sensitivities for each range. | | | VERTICAL | Axis guapRant 2 QuAoRANT 1 even (eet) LL worizonran, axis QUADRANT 3 avADRANT & eye) (ven! Figure 2:3, CAT Diep. Table2-3 Horizontal Sensitivities ‘Range Volis/Div High 15.0 ‘Medium. 2 5.0 . Medium 1 ~3.75 2-9. OPERATION ‘The following sections explain how to use the front and back panel features. Use Seotiéns 26 and 2-1 for the description and location of each control. Signatures of components willbe covered in Sections 7 thru 5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 25OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-40, INITIAL SETUP ‘Tum the Power/Iatensity knob clockwise. ‘The 2000 should come on with the LEDs for power, channel A, 5060 Hz, low range, and pulse/DC illuminated. Focusing of the 2000 display isimportent in analyzing the test signatures. This is done by first turning the intensity control 10 « comfortable level and adjusting the focus control (back panel) for the narrowest possible trace. ‘Alipning the trace is important in determining which quadrants the portions of a signatie re in. With 2 Short cireut on channel A, adjust the tace rotation control until the trae is parallel tothe vertical axis. ‘Adjust the horizontal control until the vertieal trace is even withthe vertical axis. Open channel A, and adjust the vertical control until the horizontal trace is even with the horizontal axis. Once set, these adjustments should not have to be readjusted during normal operation. ‘The power is tumed off by tuming the Power/Intensity knob fully counterclockwise. 2-41. Range Selection ‘The 2000 is designed with four impedance ranges (low, medium 1, mediam 2, and high). These ranges are selected by pressing the appropriate button on the front panel, [tis best tostart with one ofthe medium ranges (Le. medium 1 or medium 2). Ifthe signature on the CRT display is close to an open (horizontal trace), go to the next higher range for a mote descriptive signature. If the signature is close tos short (vertical trace), go the next lower range. ‘The High Lockout feature, when activated, the manual or Auto mode. -events the instrument from entering the high range in either ‘The Auto festure scans through the four ranges (three with the High Lockout dctivated) at a speed set by the Rate control. This feature‘sllows the user to see the signature ofa component jn different ranges while kkeeping hands free to hold the test leads. 2-12, Channel Selection ‘There ate two channels on the 2000 (channel A and channel B) which ate selected by pressing the appropriate front panel bution. When using a single channel, the red probe should be ploaged into the conesponding channel test terminal and the black probe should be' plugged into the common test tecminel. ‘When testing, the red probe should be connected tothe positive terminal of a device (Le. anode, +V, ct.) and the black probe should be connected to the negetive terminal of a device (Le. cathoée, ground, ete). Following this procedure should assure tbat the signature appears ini the correct quadrants of the CRT display. ‘The Alternate mode of the 2000 is provided to automatically switch back and forth between channel A and channel. This allows easy comparison between two devices or the same points on two eireuit boards, ‘The Altemate mods is selected by pressing the ALT button on the front panel, and the ~ alternation frequency is varied by the Rate control. One of the most useful features of the 2000 is using ‘the Altemate mode to compare. a known, good device with the same type of device that is of unknown {quelty, Figare 2-4 shows how the instrament is connected to a known good board anda board under test. ‘This test mode uses the supplied common test leads to connect two equivalent points on the boards to the common test terminal. Note that the black probe is plugged into the channel B test terminal a8 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000‘OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS When using the Altemate and,Auto features simultaneously, each channel is displayed before the renge changes. Figure 2-5 shows the sequence of these changes. Figure2-&, Afeinate Hode Sep HIGH MED2 MEDI mazra Low CHANNEL, *uioH LockouT = oN Figure 2.5 Auto/Aternate Sequence, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-13, Frequency Selection ‘The 2000 has three test signal frequencies (50/60 Hz, 400 Hz and 2000 Hz), which are selected by pressing the appropriate button on the front panel. In most cases the 50/60 Hz test signal is the best to start with. ‘The other two frequencies are generally used to view small amounts of capacitance or large amounts of inductance. 2-14, Pulse Generator ‘The built-in pulse generator of the 2000 allows dynamic, in-circuit testing of certain devices in their active mode. In addition to using the red and black probes, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the control input of the device to be tested with one of the blue micro clips provided. The pulse generator ‘has two outputs (G1 and G2) so that three terminal devices can also be tested in the Altemate mode. Figure-2-7 shows how to hook up the 2000 in the Altemate mode using the pulse generator, DEVICE | DEVICE 2 Figure 28, Pulse Generator Comparison Mode. ‘A variety of output waveforms is available using the pulse generator selector buttons as shown in Figure 2-7, Brst seleet the Pulse mode or the DC mode using the PULSE/DC button. In Pulse mode, the LED faches at a slowzate, while in DC mode, the LED is continuously on. Then select the polarity of output desired using the positive (+ Jand negative (-) buttons. Allthree buttons function ina “push-on/push-off” ‘ode and only interact with each other to avoid the NOT ALLOWED state, 28 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000(OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS POSITIVE oo NEGATIVE e ° e ° e e purse @ | oFF i ee PULSE | — PULSE | COMPOSITE + PULS! Ls Mee NOT ALLOWED oc@ OFF LEGEND O-oFF @-FLASHING @-on Figuie 27, Pulse Generator Seloster Chart. Oncé the specific output type is selected, the exact output is set using the Level and Width controls. The Level control varies the magnitude of output amplitude from zero to 5 wots (peak or DC). During Pulse mode, the Wisth control adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse output from a low duty cycle 1o 50% maximum (square wave). The start of a pulsc is triggored by the appropriate zero crossing of the test signal which results in the pulse frequency being equal to the selected test signal frequency. The end of a pulse is determined by the Width control setting which selects the duty cycle. The Width control has no effect ‘when DC mode is selected. (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 29OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-15, HUNTRON SWITCHER 410 CONNECTIONS Refer to Figure 2-8 for the interconnection diagram to use the Huntron Switcher 410 with the 2000. The two terminals marked TRACKER on the 410 are contiected to either channel of the 2000 using the double ‘banana plug cable supplied with the 410. Select the channel the Switcher is connected to, The accessory ‘cable, which comes with the 410, is connected between the Accessory output connector (2000 back panei) and the two jacks on the 410 marked INPUT 8VDC-12VDC and EXT CLK, Each of the three connectors on the cable are different so that the cable ean only be hooked up the correct way. TO ACCESSORY | OUTPUT ACCESSORY, CABLE (PWR/CLK) Figure 2:6, 2000(Swtcher Interconnection. ‘The setup procedure supplies the 410 with power and a clock signal controlled by the Rate control on the 2000. To use the 410, set the TRACKER/OFF/EXTERNAL switch to TRACKER which illuminates the ‘TRACKER LED. The REF/ALT/TEST switch when set to either REF or TEST is used in the normal manner, Le, the selected device is continuously connected through the 410 to the 2000 and signatures can 2410 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000‘OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ‘be viewed by selecting a common pin and pressing the button for a particular IC pin number. When the REF/ALT/TEST switch is set to ALT, the 410 will alternate between the reference device and the test device at a frequency determined by the Rate conttol of the 2000. The Rate control on the 410 is dissbled fn this mode. If the Auto scanning feature of the 2000 is activated, the alternation rate of the 410 will be 5 ‘with the range scanning rate of the 2000, This activates a similar scanning sequence to that shown in Figure 2-5, except that forty different points on two devices can be easily examined instead of ‘one point on two devices With the 2000 alone. For best results, the 50/60 He test signal frequency should be selected when using the 410. 2-16. TRACKER TRAINING ‘A demonstration and training board and manual are available from Huntton which provides ‘more instruction on the basic operation of the instrument and helps the user become more families with signatures produced by the 2000. For ordering and further information, refer to Section 1-4 in this manual or contact Huntron 2-17, EXTERNAL CLEANING AND LUBRICATION WARNING ‘To avoid electric shock or instrament damage, never get water inside the case. To avoid instrument damage, never apply solvents to the instrument. Should the 2000 case require cleaning, wipe the instrament with a cloth that is lightly dampened with water for mild detergent solution. The 2000 requires no lubrication, 2-18, STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS For optimum protection, store unit indoors in a dry place. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL at) SECTION 7 RESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 7-1. TESTING RESISTORS |A pute resistance across the test probes will cause the trace om the 2000 display to rotate in a counterclockwise direction around its center axis from an open circuit position. The degree of rotation is 2 function of the resistance value. 7-2. Low Range ‘The low range is designed to detect resistance between 10. and 1KQ. Figure 7-1 shows resistance on the angle of rotation in low range. A 1® resistor causes almost 99 degrees of rotation, and a 300 resistor produces a 45 degree rotation. A 4000 resistor causes a small rotation in angle Resistors lower tha 19 appear as a short cixcuit (Le, vertical trace) and resistance values above 400 look like open ciretits (Le., horizontal trace). 45° 1Q Resistor 500 Resistor 40002 Resistor Figure 7-1, Etfects of Resletance on the Rotaton Angle -Low Range. £ E ) ‘OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL mHRESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 7-3. Medium 1 Range ‘The medium 1 range is designed to detect resistance between 50 and 10KQ. Figure 7-2 shows the signatures for a 500 resistor, a 1KQ resistor, and a 10K resistor using the medium 1 range. Resistors that are smaller than 500 appear almost as @ vertical line. A 1KQ resistor causes an angle of rotation ‘of 45 degrees, while the display for a 10KQ resistor shows only slight rotation, Resistance values higher ‘than 10K produce such a small rotation angle that it appears almost as a horizontal line. 45° S00 Restor TKO Resistor 10K2 Resor Figure 7-2 Elects ot Resistonce on the Rotation Angi Medium 1 Range. 7-4, Medium 2 Range X The medium 2 range is designed to detect resistance between IKQ and 200KO. Figure 7-3 shows the signatures for a 1KQ resistor, a 1SKG resistor, and a 200K resistor using the medium 2 range. Resistance values smaller than 1KQ appear almost asa vertical line. A, SKQ resistor causes an angle cof rotation of 45 degrees, while the display for a 200K. resistor shows only sight rotation, Resistors hhgher than 200KQ produce such a small rotation angle that it appears almost as a horizontal Line. 45° L sKQ Resistor 15K Resistor 200K Resistor Figure 7-9, Etfect of Resictanee on the Rotation Angle - Medium 2 Range, re HUNTRON TRACKER 2000RESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 7-8, High Range ‘The high range is designed to detect resistance between 3KQ‘and IMQ. Figure 7-4 shows the signatures for a 3KQ resistor, a SOKO resistor, and a IMO resistor using the high range. Resistors that are smaller than 3KQ appees almost as a vertical line. A SOKQ resistor causes an angle of rotation of 145 degrees, while the display for a IMG resistor shows only slight rotation, Resistance values higher than IMQ produce such a small rotation angle that it appears almost as a horizontal line. 3K Resistor SOKO Resistor AMO Resistor Figure 7-4, Ettects of Resistance onthe Rotation Angle-High Range. 7-6. TESTING CAPACITORS ‘With a capacitor connected to the 2000, the voltage, V(t), across the capacitor is given as: V0) = A Sin (0) oeceeeeceeceeeteeteees serene QD) ‘The current in the loop, I(), is 90 degrees cut of phase with respect to the voltage end is given as" I() = B Cos (ot) +2) where A and B are constants, and o is the test signsl frequency in radiansjsee. ‘From equation (1): VOVIA = Sin (@) VOIA? = Sin? (0) @) From equation (2) TQJB ~ Cos (wt) PnfB? = Cos) .. 24) ‘Adding equations (3) and (4): Vita? + Poppe? = Sin? (a) + Cos? (or) = 1. OPERATION AND WAINTENANCE MANUAL 1RESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS Te eff enf igh lange, 60 Ha High Range, 400 Hz igh Range, 2000 Ha Opt Medium 2 Range, 60 Hz Medium @ Rango, 400 He Mediuri 2 Range, 2000 Hz => jedlum 1 Range, 60 HE Medium 1 Range, 400 Hz Low Range, 60 Hz Low ange, 400 He, Figure 7-5. Signatures of 20.224 F Capacitor. Low Range, 2000 Hz HUNTRON TRACKER 2000RESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS ‘Thisis the equation of an ellipse. It becomes a circle if A= B. The size and shape of the ellipse depends on the capacitor value, test signal frequency, and the selected impedance range. Figure 7-5 shows the signatures of a 0.22F capacitor in each of the twelve combinations of range and frequency. Note that this value of capacitance appears to be an open circuit inthe low range at 60 Hz, ‘wile in the high range at 2000 Hz this value is equivalent to a short circuit. In between the excremes. ‘this capacitor produces a variety of ellipsoids which demonstrates that certain range and frequency combinations are better than others for examining this particular value. Table 7-1 lists the range of capacitance covered by each of the twelve range and frequency combinations. The lowest value of capacitance in each combination gives 2 narrow horizontal ellipsoid on the display and capacitors less than the lower bound look like an open circuit. The upper bound of capacitance will produce a narrow ‘vertical ellipsoid with capacitors of greater value appearing as the vertical line signature of a short cireuit. Table 7-1 ‘Min/Max Capacitance Values RANGE, ‘TEST FREQUENCY 50/60 400 Hz 72000 Hz, HIGH OO1WE-1pF S00pF..1uF 100pF..024F MEDIUM 2 | 01uF-2uF OO1NF-.SHF 200pF.05.F MEDIUM 1 | 2yF-S0uF O2uF-5R 005pF-1pF Low SuE-2000uF: | SuF-100uF 2uF-25uR 7-7. TESTING INDUCTORS Inductors, ike capacitors, produce elliptical signatures on the 2000 display. Figuré 7-6 shows the signa- tures produced in each of the twelve range and frequency combinations by a 250mH inductor. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 1sRESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS “pe as High Rengo, 60 Hz High Range, 400 Hz ‘High Range, 2000 Hz fe ef Medium 2 Range, 60 Hz Medium 2 Renge, 200 Hz Macium 2 Rlangé, 2000 Hz pe Mosium 1 Range, 60 Hz Medium 1 Range, 400 Hr ‘Medium 1 Range, 2000 Hz sabe Low Range, 60 H2 Low Range, 400 Hz Low Range, 2000H2 Figure 7-8, Signatures of @ 250mH Inductor. HUNTRON TRACKER 2000RESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 1 }. TESTING FERRITE INDUCTORS: Fenzite inductors can be chécked with the 2000, but produce a signature that differs from the previously described inductor. Ferrite inductors operate well at high frequencies, but saturate at low frequencies. Figure 7-7 shows the signatures of a 490mH ferrite inductor tested at 60 Hz. In low and mediom 1 range the signatures show distortion, However, in medium 2 and high range, the impedance of the inductor is low compared with the internal impedance of the 2000 so the signatures are a “split” ver caltrace, Figures 7-8 and 7-9 show the signatures of ferrite inductor at 400 Hz and 2000 Hz respec- ce oa fa suas Gusieeah bea esta oe | 1 | | OPERATION AND BANTENANCE WAAL 1 DsRESISTORS, CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS Te > low Mesum 4 ‘Medium 2 High 7‘ Figure 7-8, Signatures of 480mH Ferite Inductor at 400 Hz. eee eae eaegeT eee Low Meck 1 Medium 2 High Figure 7-9, Signatures of a 490mH Ferrite Indacor st 2000 Hz. HUNTRON TRACKER 2000 © kee eSTESTING DIODES ' 9 -SECTION 8 = = 8-1, THE SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS 8-2, Diode Symbol and Definition ‘A semiconductor diode is formed by the creation of a junction between P-material and N-material within ‘acrystel during the manufacturing process. The standard semiconductor diode has in its symbolan srrow to indicate the direction of forward current flow, as showa in Figure 8-1, With positive voltage applied to the P-material and negative voltage applied to the N-material, the diade is seid to be forward biased, as shown in Figure 8-2, The current (L:) incteases rapidly with small increases in applied voltage (V). ‘When the applied voltage is reversed, the P-material is negative with respect to the N-material and very small levels of current flow through the diode, The small current (Io) is the diode “reverse saturation ccorrent”, and its magnitude increases with temperature, In practice, To can be ignored, | METAL ‘CONTACTS :_ F p [oN Figur 8-1, Diode Symbol I F Vv +r - + | Feu. oui. | P-N Junction Biased in the Forward Direction. P-N Junction Biased in the Reverse Direction. ~~ ‘OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL etTESTING DIODES 8-3, The Volt-Ampere Characteristic For a P-N junction, the current () is related to the voltage (V) by the following equation: I= I (exp (KV) -1) Gihere K is a constant depending on the temperature and material. The volt-ampere characteristic cserfbed by the equation above is shovm in Figure &4, For the stke of clarity, the current (Ia) hes tee greatly exaggerated in magnitude. The dashed portion ofthe carve in Figure 8 4indicates that, at «cerita Byam? Wolage (Vos), the diode characteristic exhibits an abrupt and matked deperture from the equation above. At this critical voltage large reverse current flows and the diode is said to be inthe breekdewe region. A good diode has very large reverse biased resistance and small forward biased resistence. The forward iunction voltage deop (Vi) is betweea 0.5 Volts and 2.8 Volts depending on the semiconductor material, REVERSE FORWARD BIAS BIAS F i ‘ ' "—Vor Figure 6-4, The Vok- Ampere Characlovats of @ Semicondactor Deda, 8-4. SILICON DIODES 8-5. Signatures Of A Good Diode Pigure 85 shows typical signatures (ow, medium 1, medium 2, and high range) and waveforms, plus the circuit equivalent fora good silicon diode. The forward junction voltage drop of diode can be show the signatures of a IN4001 and a HV30 (SKY breakdown) when they are tested at 60 Hz end 2000 Hz respectively. ‘SMALL FORWARD VOLTAGE DROP, HIGHER FORWARD VOLTAGE DROP. -1Naoo1 Hvs0 Figure 8-10a, Signatures of a 1N4001 snd an HV30 in Low Range at 60 Hz. (CAPACITANCE snacor Hv80 Figure &10b, Signatzes of a1N40Ot and an HVSO in Low Range at 2000 Hz. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL a7"Vestine DiODES 8-8. RECTIFIER BRIDGES A rectifier bridge assembly is made up of four diodes configured as showm in Figure 8-11. Points A ‘and B are the AC power inpat terminals, and points C and D are the pestive and negative output teminals, respectively. To test the bridge, the 2000 is fist connected io terminals A and B as shown in Figure 811. DI ot | oa 8 Figure 617, RecilierBrége Test Connections AC input |A good bridge appears as an open circuit to the 2000 because the diodes are reverse biased. Figure 8- shows the signature produced by # good bridge with the 2000 connected across points A ahd B. Figure 8:13 shows the signatures produced by a bridge with either diode D2 or Dé shorted, while Figure 8-14 shows the signature produced with either diode D1 or DS shorted. Figure 812. Signature of a Good Rectfer Bridge (AI Ranges at 60 Hz), a8 HUNTRON TRACKER 2000 & ene |TESTING DIODES awe Figure 13. Figure 314, Signature wih 02 or D4 Shoned in Low Signature wit Dt or DS Shorte in Low Range at 602. Range at 60 Ha, Figure 8-15 shows the test connections of the 2000 to the positive and negative terminals of the rectfi bridge. Channel A is connected to the positive terminal, and common is connected to the negative terminal, Figure &-16 shows signatures of a good bridge when connected as shown in Figure 8-15. Figure 8-17 shows a reversal of the test connections shown in Figure 8-15. Figure &- ‘ares resulting fromr the reversal of the test connections to the bridge. Figure 8.16, Recilor Beage Connecions — OC Ouput Figure 0-46, Signeture of the DC (Output a Low Range at 80 Hz | | Ae Be : $ ok Poe | tf | Figs 617, Foci Brago. Revered Tel Comnectons Fur 12, Signa wt 20 Olt Rovesedn Low Range i ‘seo OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL “