Symmetry - The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an

axis, similarity or exact correspondence between different things

Mathematical explanation: is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains
unchanged under a set of operations or transformations. Given a structured object X of
any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object onto itself which preserves the
structure.
Spirals- a spiral curve, shape, or pattern, a progressive rise or fall of prices, wages, etc., each
responding to an upward or downward stimulus provided by a previous one

Mathematical explanation: a spiral is a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away
as it revolves around the point. a curve on a plane that winds around a
fixed center point at a continuously increasing or decreasing distance
from the point.
Tessellation - A regular tessellation is a highly symmetric, edge-to-edge tiling made up of
regular polygons, all of the same shape. There are only three regular tessellations:
those made up of equilateral triangles, squares, or regular hexagons. All three of these
tilings are isogonal and monohedral.
Mathematical explanation - A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using
one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics,
tessellation can be generalized to higher dimensions and a variety of geometries. A
periodic tiling has a repeating pattern.
Fractals - In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at
arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the
topological dimension. 

Mathematical Explanation - in mathematics, any of a class of complex geometric shapes that

commonly have “fractional dimension,” a concept first introduced by the mathematician
Felix Hausdorff in 1918. Fractals are distinct from the simple figures of classical, or
Euclidean, geometry—the square, the circle, the sphere, and so forth.