October 6, 2022

Introduction to Statistics - Unit 5 HL (topic 4: statistics and probability) 6/10/2022

Statistical investigations tend to use one of the following:

Bivariate analysis Univariate analysis

IA tip:
Do not confuse correlation with causation.
Pearson's correlation coefficient is only
useful if measuring the strength of linear
correlation. Another measure of correlation
could be Spearman's Rank Correlation
Coefficient (AI course).
IA tip:
In many cases you will compare univariate
data (such as Males vs Females, or Man U
vs Man City) so make sure that units and
sample sizes are consistent.

In bivariate analysis you may find it useful to

consider Chi Squared Testing for
independence, to see if the two variables in a

contingency table are related (AI course).

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Types of data:

Example 1
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Defining a population and sampling

Class discussion: If your population is "students in DP2" and you want a

sample size of 30, how can you choose a sample to give a good representation
of the population?
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Sampling methods:

E.g. pulling names from a hat, or more efficiently, using the random number generator on
your GDC

Systematic sampling
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Optional
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Displaying and Analysing Univariate Data - Simple Discrete

Tally charts and relative frequency:

Column graphs:

Question: What is the modal

value?

Describing distributions:

Question:
Should outliers always be removed
in statistical analysis?
If "no" when should they stay?
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Displaying and Analysing Univariate Data - Grouped Data

Grouped and discrete Grouped and continuous

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