Art as a

Humanistic
Discipline
 Paradigm for Learning in The
Sciences

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

It teaches about the It refers to the matter

things in the world. being studied.

“The Scientist learns about things in the world” 2

Paradigm for Learning in The
Humanities

Reflexive Method

“The humanist learns about himself” 3

 ART as a Humanistic Discipline

Wisdom

Knowledge

“The Humanist becomes “The Scientist becomes a

a WISE MAN” LEARNED MAN” 4
Filipino Culture
as Reflected in
Arts
The Communal Character of
Philippine Tradition Cultures as
Reflected in the Arts
⦁ Integration of the Arts with other values and functions.
⦁ Unity of the arts.
⦁ Art is integrated with everyday life and not regarded as a
separate activity.
⦁ Equality of the opportunity for participation in the artistic
and creative process.
⦁ Flexibility of material, technicals and formal requirements.

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Damian Domingo and Juan Luna
⦁ Damian Domingo is the Father of Philippine Painting. He had a
vision of making art more accessible to the Filipinos (Indios). He
was a son of Chinese immigrants converted to Christianity, but
thought to be noble Spanish descent by the Spaniards so that they
commissioned him to paint.
⦁ He was engaged by a merchant to paint, in miniaturismo style,
albums of people wearing daily costumes.

• Juan Luna is the Academic Westernized Filipino

Painter. He went to Europe in 1877, and studied in
Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
• He won gold medal in Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes
in1884 for Spoliarium.
• He was commissioned to Spanish gov’t to do paintings like
“La Batalla de Lepanto” and “El Pacto de Sangre”. 7
Source: https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Spoliarium.html

Juan Luna’s Spoliarium, 1884, Gold Medal, Exposicion

Nacional de Bellas Artes
The painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the bloody carnage
brought by gladiatorial matches. Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the
basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and dying gladiators are
dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions. 8

Source:https://www.nationalgallery.sg/artworks/artwork-detail/2015-053-001/las-
virgenes-cristianas-expuestas-al-populacho-christian-virgins-exposed-to-the-
populace
Jose Rizal’s Speech: “Winning the exposition had proven
that Filipinos were equal with the Spaniards, so that
Filipinos deserve the recognition of other people in the
world with equal dignity and respect”. 9
Felix R. Hidalgo’s Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Populace), 1884, Sliver Medal,
Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes
This work demonstrates Hidalgo’s mastery of salon
painting, which favoured dramatic narratives. In this scene,
Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire are depicted
in a moment of heightened tension. To convey a clear
narrative, each figure embodies a psychological and moral
state. The artist’s original version of the work (later
destroyed) was awarded a silver medal at the Madrid
Exhibition of 1884. This achievement bolstered the
campaign of Filipino expatriate intellectuals in Spain against
colonial prejudice.
Art Appreciation
and the Human
Faculties
1
Art and the
Human
Essence
“
WHO AM I?
Possible answer:
• I am a Filipino, I have a kayumanggi skin,
my nose is fair flat and my hair is black.
• I am a human being, with a race of Filipino
running in my blood, and I have a brown
eyes and my skin is fair.

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 Three (3) Human Faculties
Mind Reason Thinking Talino
Will Emotion Feeling Damdamin
Senses Perception Sensing Libog
Eyes Sensation Seeing
Ears Hearing
Nose Smelling
Tongue Tasting
Skin Touching
Imagination Imagining

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Analysis of Art Based on the Three
Human Faculties
LEVEL OF THE SENSES
1. PERCEPTUAL ELEMENTS
Sense-Data: Lines, Color, Shapes, etc.
2. REPRESENTATIONS
Things, People, Objects, Events
LEVEL OF THE WILL
3. EMOTIONAL SUGGESTION
Happy, Sad, Afraid, etc.

LEVEL OF THE MIND

4. INTELLECTUAL MEANING
Ideas, Concepts, Symbols 14
 FORMAL ARTS
Formal arts may be judged as
OBJECTIVE – seeing only lines
and colors and has no
representations, while on the
other hand, may be
SUBJECTIVE – representing
anything you see that fit your
imagination and thoughts.

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 Horror Vacui
⦁ Horror Vacui is a Latin derived which
means “Fear of emptiness”.
⦁ Horror Vacui is obviously seen in
colorful designs in Philippine arts.
Examples are in the streets, indigenous,
festivals, costumes, vehicle and cart
designs and fine arts.

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 The Process of Art Appreciation

Person as spectator Work of Art as

or viewer object 17
 Art and the Perception of Reality
⦁ Art is talent, skill, passion, emotion, idea, truth,
reality, goodness, beauty, form, expression,
representation, power.
⦁ Reality is the world or the state of things as they
actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or
notional idea of them, and the state or quality
of having existence or substance.

⦁ ART IS REALITY.
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Art and Reality
⦁ Art is seen as representational image. Art is
seen as abstract image but still
representational. Art is seen as form composed
of shapes, colors, etc. Art is seen as pure form. Art
is seen as the object itself.
⦁ “We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie
that makes us realize truth, at least the truth
that is given us to understand. The artist must
know the manner whereby to convince others
of the truthfulness of his lies”. – Pablo Picasso
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 THEORY OF ART
⦁ The expression theory of art explains that art is
the expression of the emotion of its creator. This
theory tries to show that art can also do
something important for people. It attempts to
related art to the lives of people. And finally it
attempts to account for the emotional qualities of
art and the way in which art moves people.

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Thanks!
Best of luck in your Prelim
Examination! ☺

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