Assalamualaikum everyone!

My name is Nur Fatini Binti

Zulghafar from ED241 7A, and it is finally our turn for the
presentation. So… without further ado, let’s start!

If you are wondering what we are going to learn today… we are

actually going to learn about Leadership and Management in
Schools! But before that, I would like to introduce to you the
presenters, which is also my group members for today’s
presentation!

In this topic, we are going to look at four major aspects, which

are first, the difference between leadership and management,
second, the effective leadership styles in education, third,
novice teachers’ issues and challenges, and fourth, school
management issues.

I will start the presentation today with the difference between

leadership and management.

First of all, let’s look at the definition of leadership and

management according to the oxford learner’s dictionaries. The
first definition of leadership is the state or position of being a
leader and the second definition is the ability to be a leader or
the qualities a good leader should have. While the definition of
management on the other hand is the activity of running and
controlling a business or similar organization and the second
definition is the people who run and control a business or
similar organization.
Now that we have looked into the definition from the oxford
learner’s dictionaries, I would also provide some other
definitions that I found while doing the research for this topic.
These are some of the definitions of leadership and
management, according to UNRWA, The Wall Street Journal,
and Kotter.

According to UNRWA, which means United Nations Relief

Works Agency, Leadership is focused on vision, motivation, the
future, and the teams and people in your school. Management
provides systems and processes essential to the smooth day-
to-day running of the school. The Wall Street Journal on the
other hand said while a manager’s job is to plan and
coordinate, a leader’s job is to inspire and motivate. Lastly,
Kotter (2001) believed that management focuses on control,
while leadership focuses on motivation and inspiration.

Now we are going to look at the difference between leadership

and management. Actually, I believed many of you can already
grasp the difference between these two after looking at the
definitions just now. But, here we are going to look in depth
what are the differences between leadership and management.

The first difference is leadership has an influence relationship,

and management has an authority relationship, according to
Rost (1993). Rost explains that influence relationship
versus authority relationship is an important distinction
because these differ due to the use of coercion. In his
view, “influence” means that coercion should not be used,
but he believes that “authority” will use it regularly to get
things done. Interestingly, Rost describes how the
leadership relationship is “multidirectional”. What Rost
means by multidirectional is that leaders influence
followers and followers influence leaders also, as well as
leaders being able to influence other leaders, and
followers influencing other followers. In management
however, it is explained that the relationship is basically
“top down” and there is little influence exerted aside from
that.

This brings us to the next point, which in leadership, leaders

have followers, while managers have subordinates. In the
concept of leaders and followers versus managers and
subordinates, it is explained that leaders are not the same as
managers. Being a leader does not automatically mean that
person is in a position of authority. A leader leads from the front
while a manager believes in planning and coordinating the work
and uses management techniques to manage others.
Subordinates will be asked to obey the instruction of the
manager by virtue of his position.

Another difference between leadership and management is that

leadership has a broader scope of activities and responsibilities
as compared to management, which has a narrower scope of
activities and responsibilities. For example, managers can be
subordinates too. When they received a task from their higher
ups, their responsibilities is to make sure that the task gets
done, which may include telling people what to do. Managers
will organize and pass on the job to their subordinates, in this
case, the leaders. Here, the leaders will carry a bigger
responsibilities than the managers. They will have to use their
energy to inspire people to work together with them in order to
get the job done. For an instance, JPN passes a task to the
PPD to collect the numbers of high school students in
Selangor. Then, PPD will pass on the task to every high school
principal in Selangor to collect the data. The principal of each
school will then pass on the job to the person in charge with the
student’s affair. Lastly, this person in charge will act as a leader
and work together with the form teachers and collect the data
that the higher ups want. That is why leadership has a broader
scope of activities and responsibilities as compared to
management.

Last but not least, in the terms of direction, leadership creates a

vision and strategy, while management will do the planning and
budgeting. For example, managers will plan the methods, and
tend to work within those methods or procedure, while leaders
will tend to follow their own direction with their own strategy. In
other words, managers do things right, but leaders do the right
thing.

That’s all from, me. Now, I am going to pass the floor to Noor
Kamalia. Thank you.