Gasket and Its Selection The forces which work on a gasket are + Compression load =~ + Fluid pressure v Flange Bolt Load + Hydrostatic end thrust .~ Hydrostatic End Forey force fanges ap Blow Out or Internal Pressure ‘Acts diecly again gasketGasket and Its Selection (ER assent If the gasket is made too narrow the unit stress on it will be excessive. If gasket is made too wide the bolt load will be unnecessarily increased. The residual gasket force can not be less. “than that required to prevent leakage of the internal fluid under operating pressure, then Se ta cant Fe aslentabinanrucckten : gasket seating force)-(hydrostatic pressure force) = (residual gasket force) Let d, and d, are the outer and inner diameters of the gasket and y, p and m are Talc design_yield stress, inte internal_pressure and gasket factor, respectively. Then, 2(e-a?)y =H (| a? =d?) m °d, ( v-pm )~ (y= p(m+l1)) The product ‘pm’ is the unit load required to compress the gasket under operating condition. Generally, a gasket seating stress larger than ‘y’ should not be used, as this may lead to the crushing of the gasketGasket and Its Selection / Ratio of gasket internal diameter to shell outside diameter =. rs — Compute d, ~~ @ yoy '— p Determination of gasket width: ; | 2 ; =| a y- pum Compute d, ~~ ce Minimum gasket width (N): N = ((d,~dj)/2)Gasket and Its Selection Actual gasket outside diameter( (ah) d,+2N Basic gasket seating width((b, 2b, =N/2 Effective gasket width (b) b=b, ifb,6.3mm oGasket and Its Selection Type of flange facing Basic gasket seating width, b, | Effective gasket s seating width, b Plain face N/2, (N=actual gasket width) Raised face N/2 =b, if b, < 6.3 mm Male & Female N/2 b=2.5 (b,)"/ if b, > 6.3 Tongue and groove _| (N+W)/4, (W=width of tongue,\| mm N=width of groove) Ring type W/8, (W=width of ring gasket)Actual gasket outside diameter: (d,) = dj + 2N Basic gasket seating width (b,) = b, = N/2 Effective gasket width (b) b=b, ifb,<6.3mm b=2.5Vb, ifb, > 6.3 mr Diameter at location of gasket load reactior G=d+N_ ifb,<6.3mm G=d,-2b ifb,>6.3mmFlange Design The thickness of flanges shall be determined as the greater required either by : (A) Operating Condition and (B) Bolting-up Condition Operating condition The operating conditions are the conditions required to resist_the hydrostatic end force of the design pressure tending to part the joint, and to maintain on the gasket or joint-contact surface sufficient compression to assure a tight joint, all at the design temperature. Bolting-up condition The bolting-up conditions are the conditions existing when the gasket or ioint-contact surface is seated by applying an initial load with the bolts when ~sembling the joint, at atmospheric temperature and pressure.Flange Design Estimation of bolt load “7 Flange stresses __ — 7 To determine stresses flanges are categorized as loose-type flange and integral-type flange. soe OeEstimation of bolt load fo) YT weeded) 4 rG? Loads due to design pressure (H) @) = ri p Load to keep joint tight under operation (H,) //,, = alG x 26] Z Li / W, So J Total operatingload(W,) = W,=H +H, “ If allowable stress of bolt (f,,),) or (S,) Bolt area required under operating condition (A,) o*Estimation of bolt load Bolting-up condition * Load on gasket under r bolting up ope up Operation (W,) _ (W,) W, =<@1Oxb * Bolt area required under bolting up condition (A,.) 4 — * Minimum bolting area required (A,,) = Max. of A, & A,,Estimation of bolt load Now for different bolt sizes we calculate, + Root Area (m’) = 4 (Bol dia.- 20)Estimation of bolt load Bolt Diam (minimum) (maximum) — (4 ~€) rer = - - M 10x = = = M IRKIS 0 $ i M text's R : a MIX LS 35 0 1% F n 10 20 MW x x0 0 21 M 2x2 2 10 2B M Mx2 35 " % M 2x2 8 u F M 30x2 “ 4 x0 M 3x2 ” 14 33 M 36x35 50 15 n a L M 39x35 2 5 ® M @x3 35 5 a M45 x3 a 13 “4 UL M @x3 “ 13 “8 M 3x3 6 p 2 M S64 6 n 36 M x4 8 2 3 M axa 0 20 a _ - "8x4 as 2 rs 1x4 89 a o x4 3 B 2 4 96 a — —Estimation of bolt load Now for different bolt sizes we calculate, * Root Area(m’)= — 7 (Bolt dia.- 21) * Minimum no. of bolts = Root Area * Actual no. of bolts (Multiple of 4) * Now from Table, R (m) and B, (m) are calculatedEstimation of bolt load Bolt Diam (orinimwm) ——(masimum) (A — 0/2 M sxt = = - = M 10x1 = = M 12x Ls ‘ 3 M ex's : - M 16x15 0 a M iex2 10 7 M 20% 2 10 2 M 2x2 a z M 2x2 a - M x2 it # M 30x2 “ 0 M 33%2 it 2 Hes 8 e M 39x3 M 2x3 15 —~ a M 45 x3 15 “ M 4x3 15 “a M 52x3 2 M 56 x4 ” 56 M 0x4 20 9 x4 2 a x4 2 66 x 2 9 4 2 nEstimation of bolt load ives we calculate, Ws 7 > ertes | oy icet ans in (Bote dia. — 21) fess | °, yt + Minimury no. of bolts = m t Root Area i" . ‘tual no. of bolts (Multiple of 4) * Now from Table, R (m) and B, (m) are calculated x — nB SC, 1 VC, = ID +2(g, +R)Estimation of bolt load Difference of C, and C, must be +ve and least “~ * Bolt circle diameter (C) = C, of the bolt for which difference is +ve and minimum * Flange outside diameter 4 =(+2x BoltRadius +(€£02)(minimfehy S * Checking for gasket width condition ge 2y mGN If this condition is not satisfied, gasket material should be chan 2 EE eee es SFlange Moments Flange moments are to be calculated for both the operating and the bolting-up conditions. Larger of the two is to be used for determining the flange stresses. eee tet lit The load(Wv, Jomprises of 3 load components such as i W, = W, +W, +W 5 Where, W, = hydrostatic end force on area inside of 6 [ flange 2 - aBL de -e a4 t =P een an G-B W,=H-W, =—(G *)p i 4 Ws = gasket load =H, ~a ETay tem i Colenteyal ey foyetetey aly xelateliaielamm Total flange moments f= W,a,+W,a,+W,a, a, = (C - B)/2 @= (a, + a3)/2 (C-G)/2 ela melted} wo t In this case the total Mo o=Wa, ye A, + “S) h flange moments . 2& 4 Controlling moment (M) = Max. of (My & M,) -| 90} B—+F—— 0, =) } «—Flange Thickness MOL Va BC) Assume C, =1 Where, S;o = allowable flange stress at design temperature 0.955 K? log K Y= (l- He(l+ 1) 4.605 : x-1 |"! ‘ K-1 Where, * Actual Bolt Spacing (Bs) Bs =.mC/n A= flange outside * Bolt Correction factor (C-) — diameter Cp = v[By/(2d + t) B = inside diameter of flange