Nama : Irfan Zalukhu

NIM : 19019014
Assignment week XI: Historical Comparative Linguistics
1. Please read and learn the slides delivered to you!
2. Read and learn seriously the references recommended in syllabus!
3. Read and learn as well additional-related references from other sources!
4. Answer the following questions:
1. The comparative method and the method of internal reconstruction appear to be quite
different. What are their similarities?
Both of them make guesses about the history of a language
2. When might you want to use internal reconstruction instead of the comparative method
in Historical Comparative Linguistics Mean?
Internal reconstruction is applied to:
a. Isolates
b. Reconstructed proto-languages
c. Individual languages
3. What is the language isolate?
Isolate language is a language that has no any relation with another languages in the
world
4. What sort of data do you take as the basis for applying the method of internal
reconstruction?
a. Identify alternations
b. Postulate a single, non-alternating original form
c. Postulate the changes
d. Check the result to make certain the changes we postulate do not imploy
changes
5. What assumptions do you operate under when you apply the internal method of
reconstruction?
I assume that there is argument about the proto-language in the society
 6. Can all cases of morphological alternation be reconstructed as resulting from sound
changes having taken place?
Yes, they can because all the changes begin in sound level.
7. What are some of the problems in using the internal method of reconstruction?
a. This method can only be used when a sound change has resulted in some kind
of morphological alternation in a language.
b. Another kind of situation in which the internal method may be inapplicable,
where it may even lead to false reconstruction is when intermediate changes
are affected by other later changes, with the first changes leaving no traces in
the modern language.
c. The internal reconstruction is only used in the certain circumstances

5. Dead line: five days to go