VIII. European Conference On Social and Behavioral Sciences

VIII.
EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract No: 3004
A STUDY ON AMENDMENTS TO LAWS NO. 6545 AND 6552 AND LAWS

RELATED TO ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE
Mustafa Avcı
University of Anadolu, Faculty of Law, Head of Department of Administrative Law, Yunus Emre
Campus, 26470 Tepebasi, Eskisehir, TURKEY
This study examines the amendments to Laws publicly known as the 5th judicial package (Law no.
6545) and 6th judicial package (Law no. 6552) and the amendments in the field of administrative
justice, and explicates the amendments that are considered unconstitutional. The study further focuses
on the regulations that are amended or revised by these Laws, but are considered unnecessary from our
perspective. The study also includes some procedural amendments that are more urgent and essential
than the amendments to the Administrative Procedure Law, which constitute the main focus of this
study. First, the amendments regarding administrative justice brought by Law no. 6545 may be
outlined as follows: The structure and duties of Regional Administrative Courts, related to an appeal
system which has been (partially) lacking in the administrative justice, are defined. Furthermore, the
appeal is integrated into the system as a legal remedy. With this, the law defines the Regional
Administrative Court decisions that can be appealed to the Council of State and modifies other
Administrative Procedure Law provisions in consideration of the new system. Correction of a decision
is no longer a legal remedy in the system. An immediate judicial procedure, which already exists in
the French system, is introduced; however, the procedure is different than the practice in France.
Second, Law no. 6552 adds to the Administrative Procedure Law a specific judicial procedure related
to central and common exams. Article 28 of the Administrative Procedure Law, regarding the results
of administrative justice decisions, was also amended by this Law. Nevertheless, this amendment was
cancelled by the Constitutional Court for being unconstitutional. This study provides detailed
explanations about each amendment mentioned above and offers solutions to the amendments that are
considered problematic.
Keywords: Administrative law, administrative justice, Administrative Procedure Law, appeal system,
regional administrative court.
VIII. EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Abstract No: 3005
Race and Black America: An Enduring Heritage?
Tunde Adeleke
Center for American Intercultural Studies, 208 Carver Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Race and racism are intertwined in, and many would argue synonymous with, the Black American
experience. From the very dawn of American history to the present, race has configured and
determined the Black experience. Examined critically, race assumed both negative and positive roles.
Since the White establishment constructed and utilized race as hegemonic force, Blacks responded by
re-conceptualizing race into a positive anti-hegemonic weapon of resistance. Race became, for Blacks,
a potent unifying and delineating resistance force as well as the means for reconstituting a
countervailing identity, and most significantly, creating a space of isolation and escape from what was
deemed the destructive power of the dominant White society. Thus, some Blacks took refuge in
racialized and essentialist construction of an alternate reality. However, not everyone is convinced of
the potency and utility of race. In her study titled The End of Blackness (2004), Debra Dickerson
argued that “Blackness is rapidly losing its ability to describe, let alone predict or manipulate, the
political and social behavior of African Americans…it diminished their sovereignty as rational and
moral actors.” She made a passionate call for deemphasizing race. Her plea has not resonated widely
among Blacks. Many continue to invoke what I tern a “gloracialized” worldview. They insist on
prioritizing race as unifying identity for Blacks globally. Even the election of the first Black president
has not fundamentally eroded or dented the appeal of race as identitarian and countervailing force.
This paper critically analyzes the development of racialized and essentialist worldview among Black
Americans and the contending schools of thought. It offers a prognosis for a post-racial America.
Keywords: Race, Racism, Gloracialized, Essentialist, Blackness

Abstract No: 3009
POTENTIAL HONOUR KILLING ASYLUM APPLICATIONS OF TURKISH

ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND ASYLUM GENDER GAP
Sibel Safi
Head of International Public Law Department
The Geneva Convention on the status of refugees offers the basic definition and the problem emerges
when the serious human rights violation like honour killing that do not clearly has its base on one of
these Convention grounds which can constitute a legitimate premise for refugee recognition. Honour
killings in Turkey are widespread and occur across education levels and little stigma is attached for
perpetrators. Disobedience was determined to be the most common reason given to justify honour
killings.
And in case of asylum applications, honour killings have often been seen as a private or domestic issue
and a further barrier to the recognition of gender-related persecution within current definitions and
interpretations of the Geneva Convention is the way in which persecutory practices which may be
common in ‘Third world’ countries are assigned to cultural differences. Lots of states like United
Kingdom, United States, Australia, France and New Zealand refer the’ particular social group criteria’
in order to accept the fear of honour killing as a ground for asylum. However the methods of
interpreting Particular Social Group utilized in judicial systems, creates lack of uniformity that
negatively affects the adjudication of honour killing asylum claims, resulting in inconsistent
judgments and unjust disparities.
Keywords: Gender Related Persecution, Geneva Convention, Honour Killings, Turkish Asylum
Seekers
Abstract No: 3011
Effects of Climate change on behaviour of snail harvesting Gypsy farmers
Dilek Eroglu
Abant İzzet Baysal University, Facuty of Sience and Arts, Department of Sociology Golkoy Campus
Area Bolu / Turkey
Snail gathering is an important source of livelihood for rural gypsy families in the humid forest areas
of Nothern Turkey. Eventhough there is no consumption and place in turkish cuisine of snail there are
some factories that are buying it from farmers. Collected snails having place asa processed snail for
European countries and also its shells to produce buttons for national market
This study was made in Bolu which is one of the important snail supplying city of Turkey. Focused
group interview with 20 gypsies were made for the study. The results indicate that predominantly
women with basic school level of education are holding indigenous knowledge on snail production
They knew all the details about snail's lifecycle. 70% of their income is derived from sale of snails and
the rest is from seasonal works of men. Causes of declining snail populations were attributed to habitat
loss through deforestation, overexploitation, climate change - indicated by extremely high
temperatures and low rainfall, high
dependence on agricultural chemicals (herbicides and pesticides) and lack of training on improved
snail husbandry. It was also determined that women create their own coping strategies like living
limited number of snails to produce new eggs for next year's harvest. It is suggested to broaden
agricultural extension programmes and add bioderversity conservation and capasity building
programmes for rural gypsies as well.
Keywords: Rural, Gypsy, Extension Programmes, Climate Change

Abstract No: 3016
Build music routines - three musical procedures that could help the music teacher to
save time and noise
Meglena Apostolova
Shumen University, Bulgaria
Good discipline and behavior are serious issues in the music class. The music room is usually a noisy,
active place and the reason for that comes directly from the nature of the art we are teaching. That
makes music classes more difficult to manage.
There are three moments in the music class that could cause problems and waste our valuable teaching
time. They are: the entrance of the students, the transition from one activity to another and the end of
the class.
This article is about using three simple procedures, building three simple routines that could help the
music teacher to avoid the chaos during those movements, without talking, but using the art of music
to control the students’ behavior
Keywords: Discipline, behavior, teaching music, routines, art of music

Abstract No: 3020
The religious pluralism and dialogue discussions
Emine Yavasgel, Ece Karadogan Doruk
University of Istanbul
The basic principles of a pluralistic society involve different communities living together and
recognizing each other’s values and ideals. Such a recognition constitutes the principle of
responsibility to the other. What justifies pluralism is that it gives us the chance of understanding
ourselves and describing our identities by having a dialogue with the other as well as getting to know
about the identity of the other. It will be shown that identities can be re-described by the understanding
of pluralism, which is the prerequisite of preventing the identity from turning into difference-
privileging.
An analysis of the events in this century indicates that people are turning to the “Holy” as a solution of
social inequality and unrest. The main qualities that make us human are believing, trusting, sheltering
and affiliating. In the world of living things, only humans have the ability to create systems of values.
Accordingly, it will be beneficial to highlight the common holy and humane values with which no one
can disagree in order to prevent the conflicts resulting from ethnic, cultural and religious differences.
The dialogue between the three monotheistic religions plays a major role in this issue. Thus, this work
will perform a qualitative analysis of the religious pluralism model conducted in framework of the
dynamics of the “Holy,” global ethics design policies, the dialogue between religions and the news
production of the media regarding this subject.
Keywords: Religious pluralism, Dialogue, Global ethics, World peace

Abstract No: 3021
Foundations and Associations for the Development of Environmental Understanding of

Turkish Society From Ottoman Empire to the Present Day
Doğan Yörük
Faculty of Arts History Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
The process that began with the industrial revolution in second half of the 18th century, brought about
wealth and prosperity to some western countries as well as various problems and environmental issues
to the most of the countries in the World. Previously, environmental issues that taken local dimension
is global today, thus strugling with this issues got international characteristic. While the resolution of
issues of climate change, industrial wastes, toxic gas emissions, air pollution, global warming e.t.c.
reguires intergovernmental collaboration, many matters also closely associated with local authorities,
institutions and social sectors as well as the attitudes and behaviors of individuals.
Main environmental issues in pre-modern World was based on preservation of freshwater resources,
cleaning of residential places (house, street, square, landscaping), to avoid to leave slaughtered and
dead animals and human waste to random places, various precautions againts epidemics, protection
and care of animals e.t.c. Both İstanbul-based central administration and provincial administrators and
foundations played a primary active role to solve this issues in Ottoman Empire. Central
administration by publishing firmans (ordinance) and laws, city administrations by controls of
muhtesib and the foundations by their services tried to resolve this problems and worked to build a
livable world. Besides there was foundations that working for the environmental issues directly,
another foundations founded for struggling with this issues even the purpose of establishment was
different. So, they provided environmental awareness and understanding in the community by their
services. Today this matter is also in progress with foundations and associations established by some
individuals and sections who believe to do something and take attention to environmental issues like
past.
In this presentation, it will be define which matters associate with environmentalism and will be
collect data from beliefs and values of Turkish society from Ottoman Empire to the present day. Both
struggling with issues and evaluating the foundations that established for the creation of environmental
awareness and understanding it will be aim to present a behavioral model to the modern people.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Foundations (Waqfs), Environment, Watercourses

Abstract No: 3025
A study to Determine of the Problems Encountered by Caregivers
Nuray Gökçek Karaca, Erol Karaca
Department of Social Work, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
This study aims to determine professional problems encountered by caregivers. To that general
objective, the study tries to examine whether professional problems faced by caregivers meaningfully
differentiate depending on the essence of the work, working environment, professional conditions and
demographic features. For this purpose, the research data was collected through “Questionnaire of
Caregivers’ Professional Problems” (QCPP) consisting of 74 open and close-ended questions
developed by the researcher on the base of the literature review. QCPP was applied to 72 caregivers
working in Istanbul, Çankırı, Yozgat and Tokat in Turkey. Data obtained from questionnaires were
analyzed via SPSS 21. The findings obtained from the study, revealed that caregivers’ agreement level
to professional problem statements is generally high. These findings also reveal that caregivers are
exposed to a wide range of problems related with professions. These problems are categorized as
‘common problems with all employees’ and ‘problems, depending on the essence of the work’.
Common problems are related with payment and working conditions. Depending on the essence of
their work, caregivers are exposed to physical, psychological and social problems. Besides these
findings, caregivers’ agreement level to professional problems statements also vary in terms of age,
social background an educational level.
Keywords: Care, Care Service, Caregivers, and Professional Problems of Caregivers

Abstract No: 3026
Analyzing of Migration Expectations of Female Migrants in Terms of Some Variables
Erol Karaca, Nuray Gökçek Karaca
Department of Social Work, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
This study aims to analyze female migrants’ migration expectations. To that general objective, the
study tries to examine whether migration expectations of female migrants meaningfully differentiate
depending on demographic and social origin characteristics, features related to migration and
migration, the working process, social and economic conditions, the perception of economic status,
future confidence expectancy. For this purpose, the research data were collected by using a
questionnaire consisting of two sections, developed by the researchers on the base of the literature
review. The first part is the form related to demographic and personal information, consisting of items
about the gender, age, marital status, sufficiency of income level, future confidence expectancy and
perceptions of being unionized. The second part includes 17 expressions related to migration
expectations of female migrants on a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 5 choices, from 1 =
Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. The questionnaire was carried out with 570 women migrated
through marriage from Turkey to Germany, living in Cologne (172), Stuttgart (150), Bremen (109),
Munich (53) and Berlin (86), in Germany, in 2012-2013. Data obtained from questionnaires were
analyzed via SPSS 21. The findings, obtained from the study, revealed that female migrants’
agreement level to migration expectation statements is generally low. Besides these findings, female
migrants’ agreement level to migration expectation statements also varies in terms of age, educational
level, migration period to Germany, geographical and residential context before migration, working
background and the evaluation of migration preferences that base on satisfaction after migration
process.
Keywords: Migrate, Women Migrant, Migration and Migration Expectation

Abstract No: 3028
The Relationship between Religion and State in the Period of Mahmud II: Sects and
Foundations
Alaattin Aköz
Faculty of Lecture, University of Seljuk
Mahmud II is the son of Abdulhamit I and he was born on 20 July, 1874. He came to the Ottoman
throne on 28 July, 1808 because of dethronement and killing of Selim III, his uncle, and enthronement
and dethronement of Mustafa IV, his elder brother. Despot administrator’s activities intensifying in the
period of his uncle and especially janissary riots had continued in the period of Sultan Mahmud II. He
believed that state would not be able to manage with old order in this troubled period because of Greek
and Mehmet Ali Pasha riots and the wars against Iran and Russia. So, he began radical reform
attempts to reconstitute the state.
Within the frame of these reforms, running of sects which had an important position at all levels of
state was interfered and Sultan Mahmud closed guild of janissaries and Bektashi lodges which are
opponent him authority. It is not true to associate abolition of guild of janissaries with closing of these
Bektashi lodges, because Sultan Mahmud was in tendency to block all kinds of activities against
centralization and his authority. The powers which Bektashis took from janissaries and increasing of
their followers were the examples for such a danger. Closing of Bektashi lodges is not connected to
their non-sunni religion. The best example for this is exile of sheiks that belong to Halidilik in
Naqshbandi. This is the step to provide central authority.
Sultan Mahmud made important alterations in foundations to establish the central authority. Here, he
united all foundations for centralization thus; he centralized everyone who earned income with lodges
and foundations. He blocked ulema to move excursively and create parallel power.
Keywords: Mahmud II, reforms, janissaries, Bektashis, foundations

Abstract No: 3030
RESEARCH ON THE WORK AMBIANCE SATISFACTION OF HEALTH

PERSONNEL THE CASE OF MUĞLA
Erdoğan Gavcar, Gamze Gül Çalıkoğlu
Fethiye Fakulty of Business Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye/Muğla
The aim of this study is to investigate the work ambiance opinions of the personnel working in the
directorates of health and family health centers which are operating in the districts of Muğla and to
determine the factors influencing those opinions. Nowadays it is very important to determine the
opinions of the personnel about their workplace. Because the more the work ambiance is comfortable
and peaceful, the more productivity will increase.
In this context it is very important to learn about the opinions of the personnel related to their
workplace and the managers and the factors influencing these opinions.
A questionnaire which contains 26 questions was prepared for the research and from the total of 390
people 110 people joined the questionnaire and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was
found 0.938. According to the statistical analysis, when examining the demographic features of
participants; it was found that 48,2% were female, 51,8% male, age distribution is mainly in the group
of 25-34 with 38,7%. Additionally, 60,9% of the personnel work in the health directorates, 39,1% of
them work in the family health services.
No difference was observed in terms of the opinions about workplace and the quality of work between
the male and female personnel. Besides, in four questions there is a difference between the personnel
of health directorates and family health services about the opinions work ambiance. The remaining
questions showed no difference.
Among five districts researched there are differences in five questions about age and in three questions
about the quality of work. There is no difference about the status. Besides, there are differences about
education, position and working period of the personnel in terms of workplace and quality of work.
Keywords: Health, Muğla, Questionnaire, Satisfaction

Abstract No: 3033
Humanitarian Intervention: Lessons from Libya
Ozhan Hancılar
Pamukkale University, IIBF, Denizli, Turkey
This paper will examine the 2011 Libya intervention from the perspective of international law and
look back at it as a humanitarian intervention. The international community’s response to the
humanitarian crisis in Libya was decisive and quick. The doctrine of “responsibility to protect” played
an important role in shaping this response. At first, military action in Libya was hailed as a model
intervention. But security in this country deteriorated rapidly and dramatically after the ouster of
Muammar Gaddafi. The initial success of the intervention has also been overshadowed by the failure
of the international community to protect civilians from atrocities committed during the Syrian civil
war.
Keywords: Humanitarian intervention, responsibility to protect, use of force, Libya, human rights.
Abstract No: 3034
The memory is the message. McLuhan: symbolism as parataxis
Andrea Lombardinilo
Department of Department of philosophical science, educational science, economics and statistics,

University "G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
This proposal has a theoretical and hermeneutic perspective: it aims at investigating the role that
symbolism gains in McLuhan’s sociological research, pointing out how the study of memory and the
examination of the literary tradition is fundamental to understand, specifically, the developments of
communication and of cultural studies in their complexity.
The study revolves around the function of memory as interpretative key of future in the study of
symbolism carried out by McLuhan, since it’s exactly in this artistic movement that the sociologist
finds the opportunity to delete the representative practices (irrational and linear) of the modern man,
shaped by the reticular sensory of metropolis.
The analysis of McLuhan’s interpretation of symbolist poets shows a penetration inside the fractures
of communicative models, underlining that the linear connection of events is swept away from daily
life, declined according to the communicative instances of the interactive society.
In this frame, it will be pointed out how the linear connection of narrations is placed side by side by
reticular paths, according to a different conception of space in its hyper-textual dimension.
Consequently, it will be possible to focus on the mess of myths and symbols of the information
society, whose social impact is tied to the popular capacities of electric media. Today, as well as for
the past, writers are asked to interpret medial fluctuations of modernity, according to an endless
exegetic responsibility, based on the projective capability of memory.
Keywords: Communication, Symbolism, Media and Literature, Memory

Abstract No: 3037
THE EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN THE CHOICE OF HEALTH FACILITIES
Canser Boz, Nurperihan Karabulut, Sumeyye Arslan Kurtuluş, Haydar Hoşgör
Department of Health Management, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
AIM
In this research, it is aimed to establish the effective factors in the choice of health facilities and the
relationships between these factors and socio-demographic characteristics.
METHOD
It is a descriptive research. The questionnaire was formed by the researchers in accordance with study
conducted before as a result of review of the literature. The research population consists of people who
applied to Sivas State Hospital Department of Dermatology. No sampling selection, the research was
carried out with 250 people who agreed to fill in the questionnaires. 35 questionnaires filled
incorrectly and incomplete were excluded in the analysis phase and the data were analyzed by SPSS
20 software package with the 215 questionnaires. Hypotheses have been developed to determine
whether varies preferred hospital type and number of contact within one year according to
demographic factors and factors that might affect the choice of facilities were ranked by their scores
from the five-point likert scale.
FINDINGS
54% of participants consists of males and 32.62's % in the age range of 17-27. Graduate degree is 27%
of the participants and 84,6's% live in the city center. 58.6% of participants are composed of the
employed persons, 43.3% have income in the range of 0-1000 ₺. 44.7% of them stated that 1-3 times
applied to the health facilities per year, the majority stated that they preferred the government hospital.
Significant differences have been identified between the preferred health facilities both economic
status perception and educational level.Also significant difference has been detected between
frequency of applying to a health facilities and status of working (p<0,05). The top three most
important factors affecting the hospital choice are respectively having expert physicians in their field,
being reliability as a health institution and using modern medical equipment.
RESULTS
Today, patients are an important in the choice of health facilities. This study also shows that having
expert physicians in their field is the most important key factor in the choice of health facilities. Health
facilities must employ qualified specialist physicians in term of leading the healthcare market and also
being preferred health facilities at the present time that specialization has become increasingly
important.
Keywords: Health Facilities, Hospital Choice, Demand

Abstract No: 3039
THE ROLE OF KANT’S PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF

SOCIAL SCIENCES
Ogun Urek
Department of Philosophy, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
With his arguments in the history of thought, Kant is one of the leading philosophers who had been a
milestone in many aspects. In fact, particularly with his human perception and its direct consequence,
his ethic approach, Kant is a step further compared to many philosophers in the history of philosophy.
At the same time, Kant is the underlying philosopher of human sciences and sociology which today
we call as social sciences. The science, according to Kant, has two characteristics. On one hand,
science, with its synthetic aspect, demonstrates a structure based on facts, which is enlarging,
everlasting and open to development at all times. On the other hand, science, with its’ a priori
character, presents precise consequences based on mind. Thus, in Kant, besides the precision of the
outcomes revealed; science, with its synthetic a priori character, demonstrates a structure permanently
open to development as well. According to him, natural sciences such as mathematics and physics
follows a course through a priori, namely mind-based on synthetic namely facts. Nevertheless, this
method is not the only way to do science. From another point of view, science can be done with an a
priori synthetic methodologic approach starting from a priori through synthetic. This science is called
as moral metaphysics namely ethics. Thus, Kant is the philosopher underlying the foundations of
todays’ social sciences in an effort to establish a ground, in his philosophy, such a brand new science
approach that has such a genuine method.
The great importance of such contribution of Kant once again demonstrates itself as we today observe,
at our every step in the tangible practical life, the examples of how ethics-centered reasoning is
important for social sciences such as law, economy and politics.
Keywords: Kant, Science, Method, Society, Ethics

Abstract No: 3040
A THREAT FOR THE FUTURE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES: INTERDISCIPLINARY

APPROACH
Ogun Urek
Department of Philosophy, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
Interdisciplinary approach that got off the ground recently in the world of science is a result of
increase in the scientific accumulation and further nesting of disciplines. As a result of collation, with
each other, of the accumulations of the disciplines, this approach that emerged to find out more
efficient solutions to problems encountered, led to an increase in the number of departments in
particular in the natural sciences and accordingly led to a need of approach, with a more
comprehensive and a broader perspective, to problems depending on the developments in social
sciences. But yet interdisciplinary approach poses an enormous threat for the future of social sciences
which has not fully accomplished its improvement. Because social sciences yet has not parted from
natural sciences and announced its’ independence. In social sciences, matters are still addressed
according to social sciences logic. Such that, those involved in this area even still lack the awareness
that this field has its authentic perspective and methodology. No doubt that interdisciplinary approach
is a productive approach for natural sciences. However, when involved in a collective study with
natural sciences, social sciences will more strongly present itself as an independent field and will fail
to survive its existence.
Keywords: Inter disciplinary approach, Independence, Science, Threat

Abstract No: 3044
Termination of labour contract due to worker's performance in Turkish Labour Law
Özgür Oguz
Anadolu Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Yunusemre Kampusu
The reason is lack of professional workers as rules applicable termination. Performance worker spends
in the business see the production process and adds to the quality of work and level of effort.
The desire for a valid termination of the low performance of the workers must be not continuous.
Based on performance and efficiency results to be valid reasons for the existence of persistent low or
fall prone outcomes. The results show continuity by changing the conditions may not be considered
sufficient for valid reasons. The worker to prove the inefficiency (Business K. 20/2) In case the
employer must regularly and develop their performance evaluation system based on objective
measurement and certification in the workplace. Private apartments on the subject is available in the
following assessment; ""It is necessary to determine the objective criteria in order to be a valid basis
for reasons of performance and efficiency results of the workers. Performance standards should be
specific to the workplace. Objective criteria should be applied as it is connected to the same rules of
doing the same job in the workplace. Performance standards should be realistic and reasonable. The
criteria should be determined in advance and must be communicated to workers. These criteria should
be put forward as a concrete and it must be prepared for performance evaluation forms
Keywords: Labour law, Termination, labour Contract, Performance of Worker

Abstract No: 3045
A CASE STUDY TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, ORGANIZATIONAL LEGITIMACY AND
TURNOVER INTENTION: 2015 BURSA AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STRIKE
Yasemin Karatekin Alkoç, Ceyda Kavurmacı
Department of Business Administration, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
As known, automotive industry consists the most considerable part of the export with the annual 22
million dollar in Turkey and employs hundred of thousands in the city of Bursa, the heart of the
automotive industry, the work stoppage action which automotive employees start with the demand of
rise in wages in the May of 2015 has become a case which also influences the international
environment by gradually growing. In this case, automotive employees, who strongly believe that
benefits are not distributed fairly, decision processes related to benefits are not conducted fairly and
along with this process interpersonal relationships are not fair at the industrial union which they are a
member of, develop a negative perception concerning with the legitimacy of industrial union and after
all, this perception leads many employees to intend leaving the membership of industrial union and
also generally to leave.
In this direction, this study is a qualitative research which aims to make the relationship between the
three variables that are not handled together much in the literature more comprehensible. As stressed
above, the method of the study is case study. Case will be analyzed through the newspaper reports
which are published during the situation. Scanning will be done within the visual and written press, the
encountered contents of the news about the case will be examined towards the statements orientated
the perception of injustice, the perception of legitimacy of the industry union and turnover intention by
using Google search engine. At the end of the study, propositions will be offered about to test at future
studies.
Keywords: Organizational Justice, Organizational Legitimacy, Turnover Intention, Industry Union,

Bursa Automotive Strike, Case Study.
Abstract No: 3048
Death of Yugoslavia King Alexandre and Its Impact on Turkey
Aydin Beden
History Department, Faculty of Letters,Akdeniz University, Antalya, TURKEY
Yugoslavia King Alexandre, who was an ally to Republic of Turkey founded by Gazi Mustafa Kemal
Atatürk, was assassinated in Marseille on October 7, 1934 during a visit in France. Death of
Alexandre, who established close relations with Turkey for setting up a realistic peace and tranquility
atmosphere in Balkans, caused an intense and sincere sorrow in Turkey. It is such that, for the first
time ever in Republic of Turkey history, a national mourning for a foreign ruler was declared.
Especially, local elections being held in Turkey and politic atmosphere’s being tense, intense and in
excitement within the days assassination news reached Turkey did not prevent this news being met
with a sorrow, all the developments were watched carefully in whole nation and especially by political
actors in Ankara. Joy and celebrations lived in election atmosphere were ended at a moment’s notice
and Turkish people and political leaders experienced the same sadness by sharing Yugoslavia people’s
mourning.
In this paper, the impact of the King Alexandre’s death on Turkey, attitude of the political high
officials under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, activities TBMM carried on upon the news of
the assassination and the attitude of Turkish people for the sake of sharing Yugoslavian people’s
sorrow will be presented. International relations’ reflections on society and their effects on social
psychology will be handled in this manner. This occasion, which shows different and relatively distant
nations’ sharing each other’s sorrows in such sincerity, made history as a sad but meaningful example
which shows that indeed nations are friends to each other despite sometimes being enemies within the
historical process.
Keywords: King Alexandre, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Balkans

Abstract No: 3049
CRIME OF ORGAN OR TISSUE TRADE
NAZMIYE OZENBAS
ANADOLU UNİVERSİTESİ HUKUK FAKULTESI YUNUSEMRE KAMPUSU TEPEBASI

ESKISEHIR
Organ and tissue transportation is a kind of intervention which is closely related with personal rights.
This kind of intervention is not accepted as a aggression to personel rights but instead confirming to
lawful legal acts. In recent years organ and tissue transportation become widespread. A new category
of crime emerged due to the essentialness. This crime is handled in article 91 to 93 of Turkish Penal
Code. It is also imposed sanctions. Organ or tissue trade crime is organised to include from death or
alive person in Turkish Penal Code. This intervention is just acceptable if it contains penal and
medical conditions. In this article we analyse organ or tissue trade crime regulations in Turkish Penal
Code. We also try to shed light to types of transportation, investigate legal conditions of intervention
and debated points of criminal elements.
Keywords: Organ, tissue, trade, transportation, personal rights

Abstract No: 3050
An Examination of the Effects of the General Elections on Stock Markets: Case of Borsa
Istanbul (BIST)
Murat Akbalik
Bankacilik ve Sigortacilik Y. Marmara Universitesi, Goztepe Kampusu, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkiye
After the general elections, expectations regarding the forthcoming government increase the
uncertainties on financial markets, and might increase the volitality. It is common in the economic
literature before the general elections stock market indices increase and decrease after the general
elections. Although there are a lot of studies on the examination of calendar effects, there are few
studies on general elections. In this study, term income differences before and after the elections have
been researched with parametric and non-parametric statistical methods based on BIST 30, 100 during
the period of 03.08.2002-19.06.2015. The results of the study can be differentiated according to each
election term, and the selected statistical significance level.
Keywords: Stock market, anomaly, General Elections

Abstract No: 3051
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL RATIOS TO DETERMINE THE VALUE OF STOCK :

A APPLICATION IN BIST
Alper Veli CAM, Busra TOSUNOGLU, Enes GÜRTAY
Gumushane University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Financial ratios that derived from past data are used in many studies and analysis to estimate of
uncertain future. In this context, financial ratios can be used to determine the stock value and thus the
value of a company.
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the financial ratios and stock value of a
company. In this context, 16 cement industry firms’, whose stocks are dealt in
Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST), annual and quarter period data in a decade (2005-2014) is used. In
this study, while current ratio, acid-test ratio, debt ratio, asset turnover, stock turnover, marketing
value/ book value are used as independent variables; financial leverage, assets controlled variable and
stock value are used as dependent variables. According to the established model of panel data analysis;
a significant relation is determined between acid-test ratio, debt ratio, marketing value/ book value,
financial leverage and stock value.
Keywords: Financial Ratios, Stock Value, Firm Value, Panel Data Analysis
Abstract No: 3054
Anthropomorphology and Sexual Discourse in Printed Advertisements: A Semiological

Analysis of Popular Magazines
SIRMA OYA TEKVAR
Department of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
Anthropomorphology is one of the advertising methods, which creates identification between the
consumer and the product, hence enables audience to empathize with the advertisement’s promises
and makes the advertisement more striking. On the other hand using sexual discourse –as a traditional
way to attract consumer- in advertisements is a powerful psychological appeal to sell products. No
matter what the gender or sexual tendency is, the major goal of advertising is to channel audience for
more consumption while creating ideal images such as ideal body, ideal femininity - masculinity or
ideal sexuality. Within this framework, this descriptive study aims at analyzing anthropomorphic and
sexual discourse in printed advertisements by the method of semiology, a science which seeks not the
open, clear meaning of a text or an image, but the meaning which lies beneath. Therefore popular
woman and man magazines such as FHM and Cosmopolitan are selected to analyze as purposive
samples.
Keywords: Semiology, sexual discourse, anthrophomorphology, magazine advertisements

Abstract No: 3055
Demand for health care services in Turkey: A Multinomial Logit Model
Sitkican Saracoglu
Department of Economics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
The purpose of the study is to assess the factors that determine demand for health care services and to
analyse the effect of each factor in Turkey. The data for this study was collected in a 3-month period
from February to April 2014 via questionnaries employed in İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir and our
sample was comprised of 613 individuals who are older than 20. Because our dependent variable
indicating the type of provider selected has three categories (such as public clinics, public-university
hospitals and private health care services), a multinomial logit model was estimated. In our
multinomial logit model, public-university hospitals was designated as the reference category and each
of the other levels was compared with this reference. In addition, there are thirteen explanatory
variables affecting patients’ choice of health care provider: gender, age, marital status, education,
income, household size, insurance type, chronic disease, waiting time, distance, perceived health
status, life standard and price sensitivity. Our findings reveal that marital status, education and life
standard are not statistically significant, however, gender, insurance type, chronic disease, waiting
time, distance and price sensitivity are statistically significant at %5 level in the choice of health care
provider. Being a woman and an increase in waiting time, are negatively related in all cases.
Conversely, having private health insurance, having higher income level, having smaller household
size and having chronic disease, increase the probability to prefer private health care services with
compared to public-university hospitals.
Keywords: Health care services, demand analysis, multinomial logit model

Abstract No: 3056
Justified Reason in the Context of Follow-Up Resignation Right of Partners in Limited

Liability Companies
Hediye Bahar Sayin
Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yunusemre Kampüsü Eskisehir/Turkiye
The lawmaker has bestowed the right to follow-up resignation to partners of limited liability
companies unlike joint stock companies (Turkish Commercial Code, article 639). Accordingly, in the
case a partner wants to resign from their company based on the regulation and the company Articles of
Association or files a resignation suit with a justified reason, the company manager must inform other
partners of the situation (TCC, article 639/1). Within one month after receiving the notification, if the
reason stated in the company Articles of Association applies them, as well, the partners are entitled to
notify their managers that they will follow the resignation or to assert the justified reasons by filing a
suit for participating in the resignation suit (TCC, article 639/2). Whether the partners who will
participate in the suit are required to draw upon the same provision or the same justified reason
contained in the company Articles of Association or whether it is possible to assert other justified
reasons are left open in the legislation. This study aims to interpret the provision of article 639/2 of
TCC within the scope of the doctrine and the referenced Swiss Obligations Code.
Keywords: Justified Reason,Limited Liability Companies, Follow-Up Resignation Right

Abstract No: 3057
The Equal Treatment Obligation of the Board of Directors in Joint Stock Companies
Hediye Bahar Sayin
Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yunusemre Kampüsü Eskisehir/Turkiye
The principle of equal treatment stipulates equality among equals. In the Turkish joint stock company
law, it has been stated in article 357 of the Turkish Commercial Code, for the first time, that
shareholders must be treated equally and under equal conditions. This is a fundamental principle
which guides many processes from the preparation of the company Articles of Association to business
operations and then to the company organs. It is not stated clearly in article 357 of the TCC those who
are obliged to apply this principle. As equal treatment is a basic principle, the addressees of this
principle in the Turkish joint stock company law, as a rule, are general assemblies and boards of
directors.
Carrying out company management and representation, boards of directors are under the obligation of
acting in accordance with the principle of equal treatment as well as with the rule of devotion, trust
and truth in the performance of its tasks. A board must especially act in compliance with the obligation
of equal treatment in the context of the right to information and inspection, payment of share prices,
profit distribution and transactions between the company and the shareholders.
Other than exceptional situations in which unequal treatments are considered to be legitimate, various
sanctions may be imposed against a board due to unequal treatments: such as a liability suit,
invalidation suit.
Keywords: Board of Directors, Joint Stock Company, equal treatment principle

Abstract No: 3060
Forming world-view by language An investigation on Nineteen Eighty-Four and

Newspeak of George Orwell
Hamdullah Sahin
Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Alman Dili Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Eskişehir, Turkey
The connection between language and world-view has been a phenomenon questioned by many
philosophers and linguists throughout history. Many theories have been put forward about this matter
and from time to time; also states of the world have used language in forming world-view for
propaganda purposes. In George Orwell’s dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the totalitarian state
Oceania aims to create a new language –Newspeak- for this purpose and with this language it aims to
efface dangerous concepts such as rebellion, disobedience and thought crimes from people’s minds.
While effacing words and concepts above mentioned, this new language, a huge project, intends to
abolish synonymous and antonymous words. Therefore, as the words disappear, the boundaries of
human mind will be narrowed down and people will not be able to think beyond these boundaries. The
purpose of the current study is to question whether human mind can be formed by re-forming the
language with that kind of propaganda if suitable conditions are provided within the light of scientific
theories. For this purpose, linguistic features of Newspeak will be matched with the theories of
philosophers and linguists. Newspeak will also be associated with the literature topics. In this study,
one of the qualitative research methods, document analysis method, was used. The results revealed
that the thought can be limited by the language in an atmosphere resembling to the one in the novel,
but not in current conditions of the world.
Keywords: Language-though connection, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Newspeak, Propaganda

Abstract No: 3061
Remnants of Sumerian in Modern Languages
GURKAN TURHAN
INGILIZCE OGRETMENLIGI BOLUMU, ANADOLU UNIVERSITESI YUNUS EMRE

KAMPUSU, ESKISEHIR, TURKIYE
Though the Babylon myth is widely known as the myth that explains the birth of languages, in recent
years Sumerian language proves to be a more plausible source that contained some of the words,
which we still use today, thousands of years ago. This paper focuses firstly on very few widely-used
words that are still valid in contemporary English and Turkish languages, some of which are still
rather “intact” both orthographically and semantically, and some used synonymously still in our daily
lives, legal terminology, &c. Secondly, it focuses on the names of Gods and Goddesses that were
depicted in different mythologies from Mesopotamia to European Alps and Asia and Asia Minor
(Anatolia), whose roots are found in Sumerian Mythology (Ut/Ot, Anu, Inanna/Ishtar/Astrate, &c.)
sharing quite similar linguistic and mythological characteristics. Thirdly, this paper focuses on the
difficulties rising in correct pronunciation of the words and comprehension of the
homonyms/homophones in Sumerian language due to the significant differences between Sumerian
and Akkadian languages as Sumerian texts have been read and translated through Akkadian language,
which eventually caused Sumerian language to be defined as “banana language”. This
paper/presentation mainly aims to look at the concepts that are long taken for granted in a new
perspective, and to raise some new question marks under the light of English and Turkish languages.
Keywords: Sumerian, Akkadian, Turkish, English, Similarity

Abstract No: 3062
A Qulitative Study On The Entrepreneurial Practices Of School Principals
Osman Ferda Beytekin, Serpil Duman
Ege University,Faculty of Education, Izmir, Turkey
Entrepreneur is a person who is able to look at the environment, identifies opportunities, bring
together resources and act to take advantage of opportunities. Developing entrepreneurial skills and
successful entrepreneurial activities is a vital element to attribute for school improvement in the
process of change due to the new challenges in this era. Entrepreneurial practices for principals are
required for dealing with challenges and changes to improve school performance. The purpose of this
study is to determine the entrepreneurship skills of school principals and besides it aims to reveal the
reflections of the entrepreneurial activities of principals in their schools. In accordance with this
purpose, to obtain the data, depth interviews were conducted with principals in İzmir, Buca and
Mersin Bozyazı in 2014/2015 educational year. The research has used a qualitative interview
methodology based on the entrepreneurial practices of 10 school principals. The data have been
analysed using NVivo 9 software. Implications of the findings for developing school principals’
entrepreneurial skills and its reflections in school performance are discussed.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Practices, Principals, School Improvement

Abstract No: 3063
Students’ opinions on the use of poetry in social studies classes
Gulbeyaz Unluer
Ulku Primary School, Tepebası, Eskisehir, Turkey
In today’s educational approach, the effectiveness of learning and teaching activities and realization of
educational targets is only possible with applicable and right selected methods. One of the effective
learning-teaching methods is the use of poetry in classes. In this study, it was tried to identify students’
opinions on the use of poetry in social studies classes. The research was carried out in 2014-2015
academic year in 4-H class at Ülkü Primary School in Tepebaşı District, Eskişehir . With this purpose,
the unit “The Place We Live in” in Social Studies Class, teaching practices were made with using
poems. The teaching practices took 5 weeks in the date between 10th November 2015- 12th December
2015. 18 students participated to the research. Interviewing techniques of qualitative research methods
were used to collect data. According to research results; almost all of the students stated that the use of
poetry in classes made lessons permanent ,better learning and the use of poetry helped students like
poems. More than half of the students stated that they didn’t encounter any problem while writing
poem and they would write poem in their spare time.
Keywords: Primary School, Social Studies, Use of Poetry

Abstract No: 3064
ABSENCE OF WOMEN IN TURKISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
Pinar Savas Yavuzcehre, Misra Cigeroglu Oztepe
Department of Poitical Science and Public Administration, Pamukkale University
Local governments (LGs) are the crucial service units because of their closeness to the citizens and the
local problems. Despite the increasing significance of the LGs, the representation of women in the
local units is quite limited. In most countries, women are less actively involved in political and
economic life than men. This doesn’t change in representation of women in LGs. However, LGs
should reflect the diversity and composition of the community they serve at all levels and especially at
elected level. In the world the percentage of women representation in LGs is about %20,9. In Europe,
as of 30 countries, the percentage is %23,9. These numbers are significantly low.
In Turkey, women’s representation in the elected positions in LGs is around %1,2. After the local
elections held in March 30, 2014; women politicians elected for 3 of 30 metropolitan municipalities;
37 of 1364 municipalities and 2198 of 20498 municipal councilor positions. These percentages have
not been changed much over the 85 years since women got the right to be elected in the country.
In this general framework, this study aims to evaluate the representation of women in the LG in
Turkey. In this context, the theoretical framework is examined and the data and statistics regarding the
issue will be analyzed. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to draw attention to the
representation of women in LGs in worldwide and to examine the status of women in Turkish LG
System in particular.
Keywords: Local Government, Turkey, Women, Representation, Discrimination

Abstract No: 3067
The Humour Discourse in Social Media
Ugur Gunduz
Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Gazetecilik Bolumu Beyazit Istanbul
The idea of television’s being the most widespread and efficient “cultural production machine” has
been agreed by many communication scients in the last century. However, today, it is the internet that
has been strengthened due to the new communication technologies’ place in our lives through the
various electronic tools which are a way of cultural expression
Social media is an efficient tool not only because of providing information access but also for instant
reaction and expression thanks to its dynamic patternTelevision series, a case that concerns public
opinion or an important sports competition is all an example of a rich channel in terms of agenda and
news . It is seen that social events especially causing public indignation, has important reflections on
social media. Considering the frequency of sharings and its effect on the public agenda, social media
has become a platform where people pour their hearts out. While some users do not need to hide their
identities and make instant reactions; some s use fake accounts and hiden their identities because of
some concerns.
In this research, the humour discourse which has taken place effectively in the opposition and
resistance practices throughout our media’s historical development process will be approached in the
social and cultural context, and its relation to social media will be revealed. Throught the research,
humoristic social media sharings will be analysed through inductive method based on hypothesis
along with local and foreign literature review.
Keywords: Social media, humour, expression, opposition, agenda.

Abstract No: 3068
Creative Industries and Consequences: Media Film Industry, Toys and Games
Ugur Gunduz, Nilufer Pembecioglu
Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Gazetecilik Bolumu Beyazit Istanbul
Messages targeting children, involve children images produced by adults and children are forced to
consume the pack. As a product of the contemporary media dynamics, the toys and games help of the
media power. It is a must for the current blockbusters to design toys and digital games for children
within the last decade. The market is yearning for that and the consumers are asking for it, creating a
great demand. Consequently, both domestic and foreign resources try to establish the longest possible
engagement of the children with the products. Thus, the main aim for the investors is to establish a
longer process for the child to be in touch with the product, to associate the film. This link is mainly
established with the toys and computer games to ensure the cooperation and efforts of the industry to
guarantee to get their money back. Mainly films are associated with the computer games, yet, in recent
years things get reversed a bit due to the fact that the market of games is now working harder than the
film industries.
In this framework, this paper discusses the 2000s media and films industries in relation to games toys
relationship. The products and their implementation strategies are also discussed in respect to the last
decade’s films analyzing their relationship with the movies and creative industries. The paper also
concentrates on the impact analysis to figure out the negative consequences of these games on
youngsters through focus groups and general users.
Keywords: Movie Toys, Kids Movies, Kids, Cartoon, Computer Games.

Abstract No: 3069
CONTRIBUTION TO CULTURAL FIELD OF WOMEN LIVING IN RURAL LIFE

WITH THEIR CLOTHING
Aylin ÖZCAN
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Tekstil Tasarımı Bölümü Terzioğlu
Yerleşkesi
Anatolia has been in a region that contains many civilizations on Earth. Today here continuing cultural
accumulation is seen starting from prehistoric times until the 21st century. There are many factors
which are transmitters of culture but it is a reality that some of these factors play a more active role in
defining cultural identity. Today Anatolia, largely inhabited by Turks together with people coming
from different ethnic communities and less inhabited, is a rich source of quality. Places where we can
observe and identify the cultural elements of everyday life are the rural areas. As in the past, today
people living in the countryside and experienced the culture are like a mirror of the past with their
clothing. In this context , the assessment on women clothing which is an important cultural element of
Anatolia will be transferred to the scope of work .
Keywords: Anatolia, woman clothing, tangible cultural heritage

Abstract No: 3070
CHARITIES OF BUDIN GOVERNOR SOKULLU MUSTAFA PASHA IN HUNGARY
Meryem Kacan Erdogan
Eskisehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi
Mustafa Pasha belonging to Sokullu family served such as ledger chamberlain, sandjakbeyi and
beylerbeyi (governor) in provinces besides palace services. He worked lastly in Budin as beylerbeyi
(1566-1578) for approximately 12 years. He was a good statesman and put great effort for building the
city, gave support to commercial activities and sought for keeping Budin people protected from all
kinds of threats and dangers. In this respect, he cared much sustaining the peace with Austria. Besides
that, he showed great religious tolerance and was in close relationship with catholic and protestant
institutions in Budin and Pest. His peaceful politics and religious tolerance created symphaty towards
him both among Turks and Magyars.
Mustafa Pasha's longstanding service in Budin as governor is directly related with the support and
protection of his uncle Sokullu Mehmed Pasha in the capital as well as his personality and statesman
qualifications. Nevertheless, Mehmed Pasha's loss of influence left Mustafa Pasha alone and he was
executed being found guilty in Budin fire of September 1578. Some rumours regarding his wealth
spread in Istanbul and other reasons played role in his execution.
The distinctive character of Mustafa Pasha which separates him from other Budin beylerbeyis is his
generosity and benevolentness. He participated in the building of many cities including his hometown
Bosnia and Budin among other cities in Hungary, and spent a considerable amount of his wealth for
foundational works that he made built. This speech examines Mustafa Pasha's foundations in Hungary,
primarily those in Budin, based on the vaqfiyyes, by benefiting from tahrir defterleri (cadastral
records) and travel accounts of local and foreign travellers.
Keywords: Ottoman State, Hungary, Sokullu Mustafa Pasha, Governor-general of Budin, wakf
Abstract No: 3072
Sukru Saracoglu and his economic policies in early Turkish Republic period
Rezzan AYHAN TURKBAY
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
Sukru Saracoglu is one of the important figures in the early Turkish Republic period. He served as the
education minister, finance minister, justice minister and foreign affairs minister during his political
life. After the death of Refik Saydam, he was appointed to the prime minister. In this process, he made
vital economic and political decisions. In this study, it is evaluated the place of Sukru Saracoglu
especially regarding of economic policies of the history of early Turkish Republic. The cause of the
restriction with economic policies is that his main initiatives focused on the wealth tax and land
reform. But, during this evaluation, it’s not ignored his other ideas and practices. Because the
economic policies have got a lot of dimensions and we can’t separate them from each other.
The period is very important and and decisive in regarding of Turkey developmental history.
Saracoglu is employed influential duties in this long period. His political ideas and policies reflect the
conditions of early repuclic period and this study is especially analyzed for this reflection. Because in
the frame of this policies we can get various findings about the period. In the other words he is
analyzed into the social constitution and conditions. Otherwise, we cannot conceive the differences
that reveal in time between his policies. Consequently, in this paper it’s used integrated approach
about Sukru Saracoglu with his political life and social, economic and political constitution of early
Turkish Repuclic period.
Keywords: Early Turkish Republic, Economy Policy, Wealth Tax, Land Reform
Abstract No: 3073
Landscape Design for Children's Development
Elvan Ender, Refiye Ender
Department of Landscape Architecture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
Today, most of the population lives in urban areas. One of these areas is playgrounds. Children
playgrounds play a major role in the child's physical and cognitive development, allow them to
recognize themselves and their environment, help to develop their concentration, sense of
responsibility and social relationships in the community. They create the future of the society. Today’s
unhealthy children means tomorrow’s unhealthy adults.
In recent years, cities have become virtually uninhabitable for children, especially in metropolitan
density of buildings, traffic, vulnerability, such as the timelessness of the main obstacles almost
confront the situation of children made them cannot face to city. However, the most basic need of the
child's social environment needed for the game and self-recognition, is expected to meet in urban
space.
İn the paper, it is intended to set essential criterias to fullfill the function of playgrounds in children’s
life for their development.
Keywords: Playgrouns, Landscape, Children's Development

Abstract No: 3074
Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Comparative Area Study between Gazi University and

Abant Izzet Baysal University
TUGCE UNER
Department of health and safety at work, University of Abant Izzet Baysal. Seben - Bolu, Turkey
This study examines consumer ethnocentrism concept on the chosen sample. The aim is to evaluate
the results of the research on the concept of “consumer ethnocentrism” on a different sample and
conforming dimension studies. In the first part of the study, the consumer ethnocentrism concept is
examined and presented extensively with examples from related literature. In the second part, the
results of the research, that was conducted on the students of Gazi University and Abant İzzet Baysal
University in Turkey, is resented. The relations between the levels of ethnocentrism and the
demographic characteristics have been found to be supporting the findings in the literature. The results
generally support the expectations deriving from the literature; however, some unexpected findings
were found.
Keywords: Consumer Ethnocentrism, Nationalism, Purchase Decision

Abstract No: 3077
The Reason of Bankruptcy in Turkish Bankruptcy Law
Nazli GOREN ULKU
Marmara University Law Faculty, Tibbiye Cd. Haydarpasa, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
Reason of bankruptcy is not specified in the Enforcement Law. However general acceptance of
bankruptcy reason is an unpaid debt. Bankruptcy, is determined in case debtor who is subject to the
bankruptcy does not proceed with the payment to its creditor in the event of proceeding enforcement.
However, regardless with the amount of debt, debtor can avoid bankruptcy if subject payment is made
as a result of the enforcement proceedings. This is called formal bankruptcy reason in our legal
system. There is also a materialistic bankruptcy reason. These are composed separately.
Keywords: Bankruptcy, Formal Bankruptcy Reason, Enforcement Law, Debtor, Creditor, Payment
Abstract No: 3080
METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS RELATED

TO TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP
Osman Ferda Beytekin, Pınar Alkan, Tuğçe Nur Kalender
Ege University,Faculty of Education, Izmir, Turkey
Technology is one of the indispensable elements of our age and with its technological developments.
The century we live in shows that the transformation and development is perpetual. School
administrators' technology leadership is strongly correlated with school performance, and technology
leadership is necessary for effective utilization of technology in schooling. The utilization of smart
boards and tablets within the “Fatih Project” that has been applied in Turkey since 2012 and this
indicates how the schools are getting more technological to improve the effectiveness of schools. The
purpose of this study is to specify the perceptions of schools administrators in the concept of the
technological leadership by means of metaphors. The research sought to use qualitative methods to
gather the relevant data via semi-structured interviews with 75 school administrators in İzmir. A
holistic scheme that shows the relations among the categories was used in the constructive analysis
technique in this research. The metaphors of school administrators’ metaphors were classified into five
categories as 1) Transformational Leadership, 2) Visionary Leadership, 3) Learning Culture, 4)
Systematic Development, and 5) Reflective Practice and the significance between these categories and
variables such as gender and administrative experience were also investigated.
Keywords: Technological Leadership, Metaphorical Perceptions, School Adminisrators

Abstract No: 3081
Graduate Unemployment as a Form of Depreciation
Muharrem ASLAN
Department Of Sociology, University of Artuklu, Mardin
"The industrialization has provided a significant transformation in the social structure of the western
societies. Major demographic changes have taken place and people have migrated en masse from rural
to urban areas. In this frame, migrants knowledge, whic was achieved through activites in agricultural
areas in long time and ad functionality of this knowledge lost its importance in the cites. A similar
process was also partly experienced in different time line in Turkey. The very functional knowledge in
the rural area have become unimportant by migration of these people to the cities. In a similar way
today, as a result of a rapid technological development, the knowledge of the university graduates they
have acquired during their university education, loses its function very quickly. This rapid change and
transition can consume its mision in the short time and throught this, current knowledge also can lose
its validity in the labor market and depreciate or invalidate the owner of these knowledge . Specially,
the transition from standard manufacturing systems to flexible manufacturing systems has brought the
constant renewal of knowledge. This can be observed more clearly specially in countries where neo-
liberal policies are rigidly applied.
Concentrating on the unemployment of university graduates in Turkey, the main objective of this
paper is to analyze how the individuals that have knowledge acquired during university education lose
their importance for the labor market, especially with changes of economic policies and the changes in
production format. The paper aims to investigate the unemployment of university graduates in Turkey
and its causes.
The study consists of three main sections. The first section focuses on terms like value and
depreciation; the changes in production structure and the capitalist culture; the relationship between
the new capitalist culture and employment and the cumulative results of the new capitalist culture. The
second section consists of following five sub-title: The change process in the production structure in
Turkey; the implemented neo-liberal politics and their impacts on social life; the education level of the
individuals; the relationship between the new capitalist culture and unemployment of university
graduates; the invalidation and the increase of the Number of Unemployed University Graduates in
Turkey. Finally, the third part consists of the results and the suggestions, bibliography and
autobiography.
Keywords: Flexible production, graduate unemployment, depreciation, invalidation of the knowledge

Abstract No: 3084
Bringing together the Western and the non-Western IR Perspectives dealing with the
Cooperative Aspects of International Relations
Hayriye Asena Demirer Akmaner
Department of Political Science and International Relations, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
After the end of the Cold War, the Balkans, the Middle East and the Asia, probably have become the
regions which have attracted the great deal of attention, the first two by virtue of witnessing the wars
and the last giving most inspiration to new ways of explaining international relations with concepts
like hierarchically ordered international relations, non-violent action, Confucian idea of harmony and
good neighborhood policy etc.
Focusing on China’s soft power instruments culminated in good neighborhood policy I argue that
China not only try to reassure its neighbours about its peaceful rising but also try to construct an
alternative development model to persuade its neighbours to peaceful coexistence. In this paper, I will
research the opportunities of defining IR different from conflictual realist perspectives which
significantly bases their conceptualization on the dark side of Western experience. In other words, it is
neither rational nor acceptable to explain international relations through constructions only nourished
from the experiences of war and conflict. Thus both Western and non-Western perspectives which
focuses on cooperational aspects of international relations and concepts like good neighborhood, non
violent action, harmony and perpetual peace deserves much more attention to mitigate the conflict
based realist perspectives in IR. Because comparing the heritage of Western perspectives on
cooperative models of International Relations with the non-Western especially the Chinese ones may
contribute to develop models to better explain the complex nature of ınternational or world society
relations.
Keywords: China, good neighbourhood policy, non-western IR, cooperation models

Abstract No: 3086
The Safety Measures Taken by Ottoman State against Civil Citizens of Enemy States
during the World War One
Ferudun Ata
Department of History Faculty of Letter Seljuk University
Because of industrialization, colonialism race among European states lead to war involving whole
World at the start of 20th century. Wealth which industrial revolution provided and especially leading
imperialist countries such as England, France, Russia, Germany and Italy which want to maintain this
wealth shared the world with some secret agreements. Ottoman State which had underground and
overground treasures that were one of the competition areas was included in those sharing plans and so
it could not stay non-combatant.
Upon going to war, Ottoman State took some safety measures in country as well as fronts. One of
those was to send from their places because citizens working of great powers such as Russia, England,
France and Italy in country for years became in an instant enemy state citizens. Those people worked
in Ottoman country in numerous fields like engineer, doctor, pharmacists, machinist or merchants.
Because of war conditions, Ottoman state banished those non-military people into inlands against their
spying possibility in favor of their countries. Sometimes those banishments were realized on the
purpose of reprisal against enemy countries.
Those people were obligated to live in cities and towns in the middle of Anatolia even if they were
Muslims. Because those were the citizens of enemy states. Some of those people had their family and
on condition that not to leave the towns, they lived as free, not like prisoners in camps. Those people
were not faced with a problem except for climate of their location, financial difficulty, and disease and
they were allowed to return their country towards the end of the war.
With this presentation, it was focused on safety measures taken by Ottoman State against civil citizens
of enemy states.
Keywords: World I, Ottoman, exile,

Abstract No: 3088
THE OBSTACLES IN WOMEN’S PATHWAY TO PRINCIPALSHIP
Tamer Kartal, Osman Ferda Beytekin
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı
Women, just as their male counterparts, have a right to actively participate in leadership in any facets
of the society. For decades, principal positions have been associated with men and masculinity,
whereas teaching has been associated with females or as a feminine profession. Women were not
appointed into school administration because of the stereotypic attitudes toward them and the belief
that they were not as competent as men. The number of women serving in administrative roles is not
proportionate to the number of women in the teaching profession. This research tries to identify the
obstacles experienced by women, currently as teachers and administrative positions at schools. In
other words, this research asked female educators what reasons discouraged them from seeking
administrative positions and what would motivate higher interest from female educators to seek the
administration. This research was conducted during the 2014-2015 school year at Izmir Bayrakli
district and included 10 female school administrator and 25 female teachers. Using in-depth interviews
and a phenomenological qualitative approach, the researchers examined how these women perceived
that gender bias affected their accession to school administration.
Keywords: Women School Administrator, obstacles, school management

Abstract No: 3089
THE EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM ON

INSTITUTIONALIZATION LEVEL OF ENTERPRISES
Handan CAM, Busra TOSUNOGLU
Gumushane University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Accounting information system (AIS) is a system of collecting, storing and processing financial and
accounting data that is used by decision makers. An accounting information system is generally a
computer-based method for tracking accounting activity in conjunction with information technology
resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of accounting information system on
institutionalization level of enterprises. In this regard, a model has been developed and tested. 5
hypotheses were constituted to test the model and a questionnaire was conducted to 150 firms which
are operating in small and medium sized enterprises in Trabzon. Structural equation model was used to
test the hypotheses. According to findings of the analysis it may be seen that, interdepartmental
information system, compliance with accounting information system and accounting information
system activity have effect on institutionalization level of enterprises.
Keywords: Information Technology, Accounting Information System, Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract No: 3090
CONTRADICTION OF MODERN DEMOCRACY AND CAPITALISM
Aslihan Akkoc
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sci., Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyon
Modern demokrasi ve kapitalizm arasında varolan çelişkiyi ortaya koymak çalışmada

amaçlanmaktadır. Modern demokrasi, 17. ve 18.yy’larda ortaya çıkmaya başlarken, önceki demokrasi
deneyimlerinden farklılaşarak, özellikle liberal siyasal anlayıştan etkilenerek* gelişim sergilemiş ve
genel karakterini kazanmıştır. Kapitalizmin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimi açısından bakıldığında ise;
kapitalizm çok geniş bir toplumsal ve tarihsel bir mesele olmakla birlikte, sermayeyi büyütme odaklı
bir üretim süreci ve bunun için de maliyetin düşük, kârın yüksek tutulduğu bir ekonomik ve toplumsal
mekanizma olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu süreçte, kapitalizmin ortaya çıktığı dönemlerden beri
gelişmesine katkı yapan en önemli anlayış liberal anlayıştır.
Dolayısıyla modern demokrasi ve kapitalizm ortak bir zeminden ve kaynaktan ortaya çıkan ve
birbirlerine yakın dönemlerin ürünü ve hatta birbirleriyle ilişkileri itibariyle neredeyse birbirlerini
bütünleyen toplumsal, siyasal ve ekonomik yapılar olduklarını da söylemek mümkündür.
Modern demokrasi ve kapitalizm ortaya çıkış koşulları itibariyle bakıldığında; ortak bir zeminden
liberalizmden kaynaklanmaktadırlar. Buna rağmen bu iki toplumsal ve ekonomik kurum süreç
içerisinde sonuçları itibariyle birbirleriyle çelişmektedirler. İfade edilen çelişki, bütünselliğe içkin bir
çelişkidir. Ortak bir yaklaşımın ürünü olarak tarihsel süreçte karşımıza çıkan bu iki kurumun gelişen
süreç içerisinde ortaya konan sonuçlar itibariyle birbirleriyle çeliştiğini iddia etmekteyiz. Tarihsel
açıdan bakıldığında, 17. ve 18.yy’larda kölelik, modern demokraside 20. yy’a kadar sınırlı oy
kullanma hakkı ve kapitalist ilişkilerin mantığı açısından mesele açığa çıkmaktadır. “Modern
demokrasi” ile “kapitalist ekonomi” hem birbirini bütünlemekte hem de, ortaya koydukları sonuçlar
bakımından karşıtlıklar içermektedirler. Modern demokrasinin insan hakları kavramı ile kapitalist
ekonominin ortaya çıkardığı insan yaşamı üzerindeki olumsuz sonuçların çeliştiğini iddia etmekteyiz.
Keywords: Modern Democracy, Capitalism, Liberalism

Abstract No: 3091
Socio-Psychological Factors Causing ‘Voluntary Servitude’ in the 21st century
Ferihan Polat, Özlem Özdeşim İkiz
Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli, Türkiye
Since the beginning of human being the fact of obedience, approval and submission to the decision
and acts of governors by the governed, recognized as a great virtue. The thinker of 20st century Erich
Fromm classified the fact of obedience as introvert and extrovert. The introvert obedience is defined as
individual gives up their own free will; s/he accepts someone else’s will and decision’s instead of
his/her own decision. The extrovert obedience is explained as submission of individual to his/her own
mind and beliefs, this obedience is just an approval to the acts of governors not a submission. The
decisions and acts of individual are not shaped by others judgments and decisions, yet it is shaped by
his/her own free will and judgments.
On the other hand, Laboétie claims that giving orders by governor and approval of these orders by the
governed is two essential elements of obedience and both of them causes ‘voluntary servitude’. The
term of voluntary servitude, puts forward to explain the power relations in the 16st century by famous
French thinker Laboétie, is basic element of political theory. This theory has completely different
perspective in respect of explaining the power relations and focusing on the problem of how people
obey, than other theories developed at that time. Laboétie focuses on the factors causing this servitude
in the political theory and he claims that every political system and regime has the fact of ‘voluntary
servitude’, therefore, there is no such a political society consists of free people.
Although all kind of scientific, social and political achievement of enlightenment until 21st century,
the term of voluntary servitude can still be seen in political society nowadays. The purpose of this
study is to understand psychological factors causes of voluntary servitude and the socio-economic
reasons of these psychological factors. For this purpose, this study analyzes psychic process causes
voluntary servitude, personality structure and social conditions creates these personality structures.
Keywords: Obedience, Laboétie, Voluntary Servitude, Erich Fromm

Abstract No: 3091
Decreasing Gay Rights in the Context of Phone Applications in Turkey
Yildiray Kesgin
Istanbul University Iletisim Fakultesi
New media technologies have made possible to use any kind of media in a cell phone because of
convergence. Unfortunately, legal regulations cannot keep up with this speed. Basic human rights are
supposed to be for everyone but when it comes to discriminated people double standards are applied.
Turkey is the one the countries who uses this double standards for a long time. In the context of
developing democracy, Turkey is considered who cares about human rights more than before. In the
consideration of human rights, the concept of democracy is ignored when it comes to gay people.
Especially their basic human rights, like protection. Since communication age made everything fast
and trackable, gay people started to use new media technologies like other people. They started to use
it to meet people based on location easily but in the lack of protection given by law enforcements, they
witness human rights violations. This research shows how gay people who uses cell phone apps to
meet people are exposed to human right violations. Interview with 3 gay people who uses these
applications is used as a research method to understand what is happening in their life who has equal
human rights like other people.
Keywords: Human Rights, Gay Rights, Phone Applications, Convergence

Abstract No: 3095
The Beauties of Belgrade in Hayreti's Poem
Selma ATAMAN
The University of Ordu.The Department Of Turkish Language and Literature
Sehrengiz as masterpieces which mention a city and its beauties in Classical Turkish Literature can be
accounted historic source.
It is accepted that Şehrengiz style started with 'Mesihi and that the first Sehrengiz is Edirne Sehrengizi
which belonged to the same poet.
In our notification,We handled another Balkan poet's masterpiece called 'Sehrengizi of Belgrade' .In
this 261-couplet masterpiece we studied ,we tried to find out that period of Belgrad,with the help of
the poet's writing about Belgrade and the beauties of Belgrade.
In this work, I observed the information that the poet gave about Balkan residents after a long pray
part..After studying the couplets I concluded that the poet wrote this masterpiece after someone
requested him to write Sehrengiz.After this person requested him to write sehrengiz,he gave the poet a
letter.In this letter,there was a list of the people whom he wanted to be mentioned in Sehrengiz.The
people mentioned are Mehmed, Bâlî, Muhtesib-zâde Mehmed, Ahmed, Mehmed, Bâlî, Memî, Nesîmî,
Cafer, Haydar, Rahmân, Süleymân, Hasan, ‘Alî Bâlî, Veli Bâlî, Rahmî, Ferhâd, Pîrî, Musftafâ,
Mahmûd, Bayram, Hudâvirdî, İlyâs, Husrev, Sarih Kulı Haydar, İshâk, Aşçı Emîrûn Kulı Husrev,
Pervâne
The poet made similey of 'mahru' for these poeple mentioned in th letter and wrote 2-8 couplets for
each of them starting with Mehmet.
While the poet was narrating these people, he benefited the qualites and beauty elements of darling
which was drawn in the frame of tradition.
In this study,after giving information about Sehrengiz style and Poet Hayreti,couplets are tried to be
explained under different titles.After these explanations, some ideas about these people have been tried
to be reached.
Keywords: Hayreti, Sehrengiz, Belgrade, Divan Poetry

Abstract No: 3096
Confiscation Attendance in Turkish Enforcement Law
Birce Arslandogan
Istanbul University Law Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye
In situations such as when there are more than one creditor and the confiscated good is re-confiscated
for another debt; the method of considering this confiscations independent of each other was causing
various problems in terms of satisfying creditors. Confiscation attendance is adopted in order to make
sure creditors get their credits in the best and most fair way and to eliminate these kinds of problems.
Keywords: Confiscation Attendance, Kinds, Conditions, Exceptions

Abstract No: 3097
Child Rights at 4+4+4’s Textbooks in Turkey
Tuğba Canbulut, Mansur Seyitoğlu
Bakırköy
Education policies is one of the most problematic field in Turkey since it is changing from person to
person who manages the Ministry of Education. The changes affect the whole system especially
children, teachers, families and syllabuses. The syllabuses are mostly shaped by the mainstream
education policies and politicians, applied by teachers and families, practiced and lived by the
children. It is seen important to have sensitive syllabuses to child rights practices. In this study it is
aimed to focus on the sensitivity of child rights of syllabuses of 4+4+4 Education System’s second
stage. The study has been planned to conduct book reviews which are given by the Ministry of
Education. Since these books reflect the perception of drafters (chosen by politicians), it is considered
valuable to analyze of content of these books for getting the education policies’ point of view to child
rights. Outputs of the study will show how the child rights are taken into consideration by all
dimensions of the education system.
Keywords: Child Rights, Education System, 4+4+4 .

Abstract No: 3098
Prison as the Collective Memory Space
Levent Ozturk
Department of Social Work, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
In this study, it will be focused on rebuilding and type of remembering the history of the political
prisoners in terms of their experiences in the context of place and memory. In the scope of the study, it
will be concentrated on type of remembering and framework of the transition from ward system to the
F-Type of the political prisoners in Umraniye Prison based on semi-structured interview format. The
prison will be hold as a memory place and it will be discussed how the establishment of memory space
and relationships. Starting from the hypothesis that both the memory has collective character and
operate in the context of space, the daily life in the ward system of 90’s and 19 December 2000 and
how it works in space expression will be noted in this study. This study will discuss the ways that
constitutes the collective memory of the memorable experience of ward. It will be examined that how
change the type of remembering of the individual together with the process of transition to F-Type.
Also it will be handled to understand how the prisoners described this transition process in their mind
and will be focused on the relationship between disciplinary practices of State and the resistance
strategies developed by the prisoners against them.
Keywords: Prison, Collective Memory, Political Prisoners

Abstract No: 3099
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LOGUSTIC PERFORMANCES OF COUNTRIES
Mevhibe AY TÜRKMEN, Nurgul EVCİM
Pamukkale Üniversitesi İİBF İşletme Bölümü DENİZLİ
In the global world, the creation of the supply chain has made it possible to use reliable, cheap and fast
transportation. However, it has also become more difficult to get into competition. In this
environment, businesses are supposed to make economic and qualified production as well as providing
a more effective service. They are also obliged to deliver the products whenever and wherever the
clients demand and also meet their expectations in terms of quality. Thus, logistic activities have
become a measurement of performance which directly influences the competitive capacities of
businesses. For these reasons, logictics play a major role in world economy and it is one of the most
important tools of world trade. It is even more important for developing countries, which have a big
potential for growth. This study includes 27 countries which have higher rates in the Logistics
Performance Index (LPI) and described as 'high income countries' according to the LPI rating. The
study will measure the effect of the macroeconomic indicators of these countries on the LPI using
regression analysis. According to the results of the analysis, countries with higher LPI scores have
better economies.
Keywords: Logistics, Logistics Performance Index, Economic indicators

Abstract No: 3102
The Relatıonshıp Between Self Effıcacy and Cognitive Flexibility Levels for Computer
Education Candidates
Serpil Gunaydin, Gulcan Ozturk
Rectorship, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the preservice computer teachers’
self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility levels. Correlational study was used as a method in the study.
Two universities in the west of Turkey were participated with total 105 preservice computer teachers.
Two scales were handed to participants for measuring the levels of self-efficacy and cognitive
flexibility. In addition to the scales, it was asked the preservice teachers about their demographic
information and computer/internet usage habits. Collected data were coded and transferred to SPSS,
and the relationship between the scores the preservice teachers received from both scales were
reviewed. In addition, the researchers were examined the relationship between participants' scores
receiving from the scales and their demographic information with computer/internet usage habits. At
the end of study, it was found a significant positive correlation between the levels of self-efficacy and
cognitive flexibility. In addition the preservice teachers graduated from a public high school had
higher levels of cognitive flexibility than the preservice teachers graduated from a vocational high
school. Besides, one of the findings were the preservice teachers who graduated from the computer
section of vocational high school had high level score of professional self-efficacy.
Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Flexibility, Preservice Computer Teachers

Abstract No: 3103
MAKBUL/MAKTUL İBRAHİM PAŞA FOUNDATION: HIS CHARITIES IN SOME

SANDJAKS AND KAZAS IN THE PROVINCE OF RUMELIA
Meral Bayrak Ferlibas
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü
Foundational works which are indispensable to Ottoman social life are the reflection of the charity
concept. These works leave their mark on Islamic city integratively and collectively. Numerous
mosques and prayer rooms, schools for education, madrasahs, libraries, public buildings for social
services like imaret, inns, hamams, darüşşifas, religious lodges (tekke and zaviye), bazaars were put in
effect through foundations. New cities were built and existing ones had new outlooks thanks to
foundations as signs of civilization.
Ottoman geography was adorned with numerous foundational works which were built by sultans and
dynasty, statesmen and wealthy philanthropists rivalling each other in doing charity and thereby social
needs were met. Some of this kind charity institutions were built by İbrahim Paşa, who was once the
friend and even the confident, and then the grand vizier of Suleiman the Maginificent,and then lost his
respect and called as maktul meaning “killed”.
This speech tells about İbrahim Paşa’s foundational works in Selanik, Kavala, Zihne and Eğriboz and
the income that he granted for building of those works. The sanctuary which is called as Ayasofya
Church in Selanik and was converted to mosque and buildings constructed around it, the mosque,
madrasah, hamam and water wells in the surroundings, houses, rooms which were built in Kavala, a
zaviye which was built in a village of Zihne district, and finally the madrasah and hamam which he
made built in Eğribozare introduced within the framework of the speech. Additionally, based on the
vaqfiyye that is found in the Archives of the General Directorate for Foundations the speech gives
information regarding movable and landed estates granted by Paşa for construction of mentioned
works, officers employed in the establishments and their duties and salaries. Data related to the
functioning of the foundation also is evaluated in the speech, which was obtained by relying on
materials found among numerous documents and defters available for examination in the archives.
Keywords: Makbul İbrahim Paşa, Maktul İbrahim Paşa, Selanik, Kavala, Zihne, Eğriboz,
Külliye/Complex Vaqf/Foundation, Hagia Sophia
Abstract No: 3104
The Development of the Matrimonial Property Law in Certain European Countries and
Turkey in Accordance with the Principle of Equality
Senar Çağırgan Tuncer, Şebnem Meral Yalçın
Pamukkale University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
In the conjugal union established by marriage, all issues arising out of the assets of the spouses are
arranged by the regulations on matrimonial regimes. From the patriarchal understanding of the past,
unfavorable legal results had emerged for women. The patriarchal understanding inevitably envisaged
different roles for husband and wife in the family economy (Harris-Short and Miles, 2011:432).
According to this, one of the parties used to work outside to bring money for the sustenance and
sheltering of the family and the other dealt with the housework. In this case, when the marriage
dissolved, the spouse who was not working outside used to fall in a far greater disadvantage (Harris-
Short and Miles, 2011:432).
It took too long even for the modern western societies to bring down the the patriarchal understanding
of the past in the Family Law which gave different roles to the spouses and abolish the privileged
position of the husband, thus giving way to a new understanding based on equality (Gürkan,
1978:386).
In our study, the concept of the property regime is explained in general terms; then the latest
developments in Western Europe concerning the property regimes are taken into consideration. Lastly,
the developments in Turkey will be analyzed in its historical details starting from the Islamic legal
understanding of the past to the modern period where the Turkish legislations are based on the
Continental European Law.
Bibliography
Gürkan, Ülker (1978) “Türk Kadınının Hukuki Statüsü ve Sorunları”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk
Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı:1-4, s. 381- 396.
Harris-Short, Sonia/Miles, Joanna (2011) Family Law, Oxford University Press, Second Edition, New
York.
Keywords: Family Law, Property Regime, spouse

Abstract No: 3105
Women Employment in Services Sector: What has changed? What's the same?
Nagihan Durusoy Öztepe
Pamukkale Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi C Blok Kat:3 Kınıklı / Denizli
As in all the World the share of services sector in employment is increasing in Turkey. Until the last
twenty years the agricultural sector employment has a significant share in the economy. With
decomposition in agricultural area, agricultural sector employment decreased and began to shift to
non-agricultural sectors. According to the data of Turkey Statistics Institution (TURKSTAT) in March
2015, %20 individuals are in agriculture employment, %20,5 are in industrial, %6,9 are in
construction and %52,6 are in services sector. Compared to industrialized countries, the agricultural
sector has still an important share in employment but a significant portion of employment is realized in
the services sector. Another notable factor is the limited growth in industrial employment. This case
shows us that, while the employment rate in agriculture is declining, these labor surpluses are
employed in the services sector. Services sector has a heterogeneous structure therefore it is a major
economic activity in terms of women's employment. According to the data of Turkey Statistics
Institution’s (2011), 4 out of every 10 women are employed in the services sector and the increase in
female employment in the services sector is higher than men.
The purpose of this study is analyzing the women's employment in the service sector according to the
service sub-sector. The status of women's employment in the services sub-sectors were examined
using micro data sets of Turkey Statistical Institute Household Labour Force Survey between the years
2008-2013. Services sub-sectors are classified according to the statistical classification of economic
activities in the European Community (NACE REV 2).
This study is based on the following assumptions:
Significant portions of women’s employment in the services sector are concentrated in low-qualified
jobs that do not require qualifications.
Skilled and educated women are very few in the performance of professional jobs in the service sector
compared to men.
The observed gender-based occupational segregation in the industrial sector is also in the services
sector.
Keywords: Women Employment , Services Sector, Turkey

Abstract No: 3107
The Analysis on Population Distribution and Prefessional Groups of the first half of the
19th century in Yakova
Gunduz Derer, Selahittin Özçelik
Pamukkale Unıversıtesi, Denızlı, Turkey
The article is prepared according to 12,772th of Yakova temettuat book deta of Ottoman Archives.
ML. TMT of the Republic of Turkey .
all the deta will be evaluated spesifically in another study. in this work we just take researches on
population distribution, majors and economic status.
all the data will be evaluated specifically in another study. in this work we just take researches on
population distribution, majors and economic status.
According to the data of 1260(1844), nefs-i Yakova was consists of 13 residents neighborhood and
1569 family, 7845 population.
Considering to missing informations, it is likely to had more families and population than is mentioned
above.
and it is possible to had Muslim and non- Muslim populations in this neighborhood.
Every neighborhood in Yakova almost contains 15-20 professional group and at least one İmam,
Muezzin and headman.
considering the factors of economy and professions at the same time, comparing to another
professions, it is known that majority of the population dealed with business
According to the comparison between professions and economic income, it is visible that there are
huge amount of proffesions are about agriculture ( Agriculture, windlass, grooming and so on.)
when devide professions into different groups, it is found that there are personal skilling professions
such as ailor, barber, blacksmith, Haffaf, plumber, carpenter, craftsman, Chandler and next to them
Artisan professions such as watchmakers, millers, grocers, butchers, junk, coachmen, bakers, to name
trades today as koyuncu.
Keywords: Yakova, Meslek, 19.Yy, Temettuat

Abstract No: 3108
Marketing of Cities;Brand Cities
Ozge Unver Dirlik
Department of Political Science and Public Administration,University of Pamukkale,Denizli,Türkiye
Cities are the living spaces that civilizations are formed. Globalization age that we experience now
struggle those living spaces to change.Nowadays, brand that is very important for marketing, is used
as a marketing element in cities. Most of the cities seek to be a brand for being different. Using
marketing strategy to feature its cities is important for countries in increasing their competitiveness.
To market their differences and to be remembered easily via this way can be shown as the most
important aims of the cities.Branding and efficient marketing of a product increases the revenue
provided by that product. Branding a city, on the other hand, attracts more physical and human capital,
resulting in faster economic and social development. Besides many advantages it provides to cities, the
branding process is accepted to be as long and difficult.So brand image the most important element of
brand,should be controlled and managed. This study is intended to examine the branding cities. The
study is based on the method of screening relevant resources on the subject.
Keywords: Marketing,Brand,Brand City

Abstract No: 3111
The European union is in the process of adaptationin the context of the criminal law,
human rights and democracy
NAZMIYE OZENBAS
ANADOLU UNIVERSİTESI HUKUK FAKULTESI YUNUSEMRE KAMPUSU TEPEBASI

ESKISEHIR
Human rights are rights to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national
or ethnic origin, religion or any other status. Because of this principle, human rights are no more
concern of a nation's law system, but become an international concept. The best regime that protects
human rights is democracy and democracy as a system of government protects fundamental freedoms
of individuals. European Union accepts democracy and human rights as the fundamental rights and
gives priority to protecting these values by preparing and establishing agreements. European Union
sets out the conditions of redesigning the institutions for guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law and
human rights for candidate countries to EU accession and the Union does not start the pre-accession
process with the candidate countries that do not meet these constitutional requirements. The Council
decided to open accession negotiations with Turkey on 3 October 2005 in Luxemburg Summit and this
process is still ongoing and The Council annually declared Progress Report for Turkey. In adaptation
process, Turkey has made great improvements in terms of human rights and democracy. Especially the
newly reforms in criminal laws have supported the required regulations that guarantee human rights
and democracy. In this study, the reforms in criminal laws were analyzed in details together with the
framework of EU comments and the Process Reports.
Keywords: Human Rights, Democracy, European Union, the Turkish Criminal Law.
Abstract No: 3112
Testamentary in Roman Law
Guzide Burcu GÜNVEREN
Roman Law, University of Uludağ, Bursa, TURKEY
The process of manumitting a slave by will (manumissio testamento) is one of the factors that enabled
him to obtain his freedom, ending his slavery in Roman law. The master of the slave, who prepared
the will, could directly free the slave upon the command that he stated in the testament. Moreover, in
accordance with the statement of the person who made the will, the process of manumission by will
could be fulfilled through a disposition imposing the freedom of the slave subject to a death by the
testator’s heir or to whom he legated a certain property in his favor. In this case, either the person who
became the master or the person who was legated a property in his favor conducted the manumission.
If the testator added a condition or set a due date for releasing the slave in the will, so as to perform the
process of manumission, it was necessary to wait until the condition was fulfilled or until the due date
arrived. In this period during which the slave waited for his freedom, the legal status of the slave is
defined as statuliber. When the condition was fulfilled or the due date arrived, the slave would be free
ipso iure even if the heir transferred him to another person.
Keywords: Testamentary, Roman law

Abstract No: 3117
Discussing The Future & Sustainability of Cinema Industry in Turkey In The Age Of
Creativity
NILUFER PEMBECIOGLU, ADNAN KILINÇ
Istanbul University Faculty of Communication
By the 21st century, creativity is important especially in the field of cinema. However, just being
creative does not solve the problems of cinema especially when we need a sustainable industry to
support it. With the development of the 3D and animation techniques as well as better off cinema
saloons and well educated audience with its improving quality, the local dynamics in different
countries had a way pretty much to a kind of betterment of the cinema industry in general. Yet, looked
through the local dynamics, it could easily be seen that the cinema industry develops not only through
in its general sense but in a local sense in each and every country with its own dynamics. The main
aim of this research is to understand the dynamics of cinema industry, the importance of creative
industries for regional development, cultural policies, implications regarding the data and findings
including entrepreneurship, creativity, innovations and human engeineering. How human development
process and education in creative industries work is another issue to be discussed. Aiming to find out
how the universities, the industry and business dynamics, technology, innovation and knowledge
transfer between universities and business work would be figured out just to see how the local
dynamics are motivating the industry. The paper aims to find out how these dynamics work in Turkey
deveeloping its own ways to make the sector motivated.
Keywords: Cinema, Turkey, Industry

Abstract No: 3119
A study of Sexual Harassment Crime in French and Turkish Penal Codes
Gulfem Pamuk
Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi
French Conseil Constitutionnel (Constitutional Committee) held that the provision previously included
in the Criminal Code (at Article 222-33) was void on theThe new law re-establishes former article
222-33 of the Criminal Code and defines sexual harassment more precisely as two offences: “The
criminal offence of sexual harassment by repeated words or actions of a sexual nature” and “The
criminal offence of sexual harassment by sexual blackmail”. The crime of sexual harassment is
described in Article 105 of the Turkish Penal Code. Article 105 is considered, actions constituting
sexual harassment must have the following key elements: The action should be performed with sexual
purpose, should violate moral pureness in a sexual manner, should not be in contact with the victim’s
body, should have been committed against the victim’s will and should have disturbed the victim.
grounds that it was insufficiently precise and therefore unconstitutional on 4 May 2012 (Conseil
Constitutionnel, May 4, 2012, n°2012-240).
Keywords: Sexual harassment, French Penal Code, Turkish Penal Code, Principle of Legality.
Abstract No: 3120
ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM AND BURNOUT RELATIONSHIP: A CASE

STUDY ON THE EMPLOYEES OF AHİ EVRAN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH
HOSPITAL
Fatih Ferhat Çetinkaya
İ.İ.B.F. İşletme Bölümü Ahi Evran Üniversitesi,Kırşehir, Türkiye
Organizations want their employees to perform at a high level. However, employees may show
negative attitudes about the organization for sevaral reasons. This attitude may be related to
organizational cynicism and burnout. This issue is a matter to be investigated for the productivity of
employees. In this study, it has been aimed to determine to what extent the organizational cynicism
affects the burnout levels. The research has been conducted on doctors and nurses working at Ahi
Evran University Research Hospital. In this respect questionnaires have been organized with 200
employees. At the end of the study, it has been found out that there is a positive and high level relation
between the organizational cynicism and burnout levels of the employees.
Keywords: Cynicism, Organizational cynicism, Burnout, Employees of Health Services

Abstract No: 3121
The Determination of Assertiveness Levels of University Students: The Case of the

Faculty of Health Sciences
Haydar Hoşgör, Sumeyye Arslan Kurtuluş, Derya Gündüz Hoşgör, Selma Söyük
Department of Health Management, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of assertiveness of students studying at depermants of
Health Management, Midwifery, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Social Work and Audiology in
Istanbul University. 225 students have been included in the study. Rathus Assertiveness Inventory and
Student Information Form have been used as data collection tool. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney
U-test statistical methods have been used in the evaluation of the data. The significant differences
(<0,05) have been determined between Rathus Assertiveness Inventory mean scores and Class,
Department, willingly choose department and the longest time living area variables. While 180 (80%)
students are on timid moderate and 45 (20%) student are in the assertive group according to the Rathus
Assertiveness Inventory scores. Low level timid student has not been determined in this study. The
average of Rathus Assertiveness Inventory of all the students who participated in the study is 116.53 ±
14.58 points . In general, the students are located in the timid moderate groups.
Keywords: Health Sciences, Student, Assertiveness.

Abstract No: 3126
The Effects of Politics and Social Life in Turkey, 28 February Process
Muharrem Dogancay, Hasan Onder
Secretary of Artchitecture Faculty, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
In this study the effects of political-military relations, and military interventions have been reviewed.
The objective of this study, a period marked by political and social life, which left a significant mark
on 28 February of the process is to determine the effects on Turkey's domestic policies.
The information obtained in this study, in line with the political pressure on the Turkish Armed Forces
and the impositions of the Feb. 28 process established with the domain, and unlawful practices
brought about by the political authority is not able to work to gain legitimacy, the media, civil society
organizations and the effective use of capital groups say. Acting as the State Authority TSK still in the
process, institutions can say that he became a status above.
However, based on the information the party elected by the votes of the public discourse of the TSK (
Turkish Armed Forces) secularism and the regime sees as a threat, pressure and interventions in
defiance of the will of the people and the party for the overthrow of the closure of a political party
provides power possible to say. For these reasons, the TSK and the February 28 process and
democracy in Turkey's domestic politics and the profound impact negatively on the left is possible to
say.
Keywords: February 28, Turkish Armed Forces, Politics, Social Life.

Abstract No: 3133
The Relationship between Self-Esteem, Social Networking Site Usage and Body
Satisfaction for Adolescent girls in theTurkey
Bextiyar Aliyev, Abdullah Türkmen
Faculty of Social Sciences and Psychology,Baku State University,Baku,Azerbaijan
The internet and Social Networking Sites are two examples of technology that have revolutionized the
manner by which individuals and specifically adolescents,communicate.
The purpose of this research was to examine SNS usage and its relationship to the self-esteem, body
image influence of adolescent girls users in the Turkey. A correlational study was conducted in order
to determine if there are differences between groups of adolescent girls on measures of self-esteem,
body image influence, relative to their SNS usage. In the present study, the SNS usage habits of
adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 17 were assessed through an online survey. This study was
conducted used a sample consisting of 62 students receiving education in Rize Anatolian high school
within 2014/2015 school year. Once informed consent was obtained, participants was given SNS
usage questionnaire, The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Body Areas Satisfaction Scale. Results found
that: (1) self-esteem scores significantly predicted body image; (2) The interaction effect between self-
esteem was not related to body dissatisfaction.
The results suggest that psychologists should pay attention to how body image and self-esteem are
related to SNS usage for their particular client. Since new features are implemented daily, the ways in
which adolescents use SNSs can vary greatly and depend on the individual.
Keywords: Social Networking Sites,Self-Esteem,Body Satisfaction,Adolescent girls

Abstract No: 3138
Effect of decision premises that resolve issues on workers: case of Istanbul textile
industry
Ertan Gunduz
Social Sciences Institute Istanbul Gelisim University Turkey
Despite the general acceptance the modest emprical support for the organizational behavior
assumptions of March and Simon (1958) were in need of further inspections. To resolve confirmation
a study has been conducted with a random sample of Istanbul Textile Industry. First of three sections
of the study was a review on foundations of decision making in organizations. Second section checked
for the consistency of March and Simon’s pioneering work in current conjuncture we build the
hypothesis as follows:
Hypothesis 1: When aspirations are unsatisfied, people search until they find better, more satisfying
options. Hypothesis 2: Organizations influence individuals primarily by managing the information and
options, or “ decision premises, ” that they consider. Hypothesis 3: Individuals find it easier and less
taxing to devote limited time and energy to programmed tasks. And in the third section we conclude.
Keywords: Aspiration, Decision Premises, Decision Making

Abstract No: 3139
AN ASSESSMENT ON EPILOGUE OF THE MATHNAWIS OF 15TH CENTURY
Ozlem Batgi
Gazi Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Mathnawi has passed to Turkish literature from Persian literature and many works are given with this
versification. Various issues are processed in a specific order in mathnawis. When we look at the
arrangement formats of mathnawi in general they consist of three parts: Prologue, section that handled
the issue and epilogue. In this study a comparative assessment was made on epilogue of mathnawis.
As a period 15th century was chosen because it is the turning point of Turkish mathnawi literature.
Keywords: Mathnawi, Epilogue, 15th Century

Abstract No: 3140
TRACES OF OYUNLARLA YASAYANLAR IN MEMET BAYDUR’S PLAY WHICH

IS NAMED LIMON
Elif Buyukkaya
Gazi University, Faculty of Literature, Department of Turkish Language and Literature,

Teknikokullar/ANKARA/TURKEY
Mehmet Baydur (1951-2001), known with his innovative and inquisitive characterstic in Turkish
theatre of after 1980s, have preffered the pleasure of being a good reader to being an ‘original’ writer.
Baydur says that he had founded his works according to other books, writers and poets; as a result, in
Baydur’s play Limon, traces of Oyunlarla Yaşayanlar could be seen, which is Oğuz Atay’s work.
Mehmet Baydur, thanks to Oğuz Atay and many other writers in prologue of Limon. By saying if
these writers and their works had not existed, Limon also could not existed, he points out the roots of
Limon. In Limon and Oyunlarla Yaşayanlar; in which dealt with individual’ siner collisions, it could
be seen not only soical and political influence of the era that the play is written, but also that
individual’s escape from the reality, now and society is achieved by plays. In this work, it is desired to
show up the traces of Oyunlarla Yaşayanlar in Mehmet Baydur’s first play Limon, and to analyse the
connections between the set two works.
Keywords: Memet Baydur, Limon, Oğuz Atay, Oyunlarla Yaşayanlar, play

Abstract No: 3141
ON THE IDIOM OF “KEF GEÇMEK” IN THE DIVAN POETRY
Zeynep Dinçer Berdibek
Gazi University, Faculty of Literature, Department of Literature of Turkish Language, Ankara-

Besevler
Words with the exception of their sole meanings, come together and have the new meanings. This way
they have unlimited meanings but some words do not have this kind of opportunity and have some
meanings. Sometimes this refleks the writers’ opinion. In this study, we will analyze the idiom of “kef
geçmek” that is not used too much. And also we will try to show frequency of this word which has
changed during centuries.
Keywords: Divan Poetry, poet, kef geçmek, idiom

Abstract No: 3142
A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NEW YEAR CELEBRATIONS IN TERMS OF

RELIGION AND SECULARIZATION (KAHRAMANMARAŞ SAMPLE)
İlbey Dölek
Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri
Religion” has an increasing importance in the globalized and modernized new world order. However,
secularization theories are put forward and sociological studies have revealed different results from
each other. On the other hand, secularism describes the space in which religious values are negligible
or neutralized and also religious differences like belief, practice, or feelings are unimportant. In
metaphysical terms, the secularism naturalizes the supernatural; in social terms, it humanizes the
sanctus. Becoming a global entertainment, the new year celebrations have been increasingly involved
in our lives in recent years. Preperations such as decorations of the shopping centers, christmas trees,
buying gifts to friends, special activities in cafes, ornamentations of streets and squares have been
done on celebration days. Although the new year celebrations are done for only entertainment, there
are different point of views about it in society. Is the religion effective in the New Year celebrations?
Is there any role of religion and secularization in determining the forms of celebrations? With this
questions, we aim to reveal the different ideas of the people have a conservative structure in
Kahramanmaraş. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used in this study. Our sample
group is composed of 166 randomly chosen people reside in Dulkadiroğulları and Onikişubat district
areas of Kahramanmaraş. In addition, some participants were only interviwed in order to contribute to
the survey. According to the results, the number of people who celebrates the new year is less than the
others .Also , the number of people who participate in the other alternative new year celebrations is
very low and most of them are young people. Results show us that most of the people in the survey
think traditionaly conversative about the celebrations. But it also shows that the effects of
modernization and secularization are clear on the young people who celebrate the new year outside
with their friends.
Keywords: New Year Celebrations, Religion, Modernism, Secularization, Culture.

Abstract No: 3143
An Analysıs on the Opinions of Lu Xun in Transition from Traditionalism to Modernity

in China
Eyup Saritas
Ist. Univ. Ed. Fak. Ordu Cad. No 196 34459 Laleli-Fatih-Istanbul, Turkey
As the founder of modern and realistic Chinese literature, Lu Xun brought great services to the
Chinese people in literature, education, translations and reforms. As a versatile historical figure, Lu
Xun received a very deep-rooted and well-established education in Classical Chinese, held very
significant offices and went to Japan for studying medicine as his grandfather bequeath him to go to
Japan or to Europe to this end. During his stay in Japan, Lu Xun strongly believes that the sole way to
eliminate and overcome underdevelopment is to adopt a westerner approach, thus begins to pen
articles from perspective that criticizes society. He holds bureaucratic offices when he turns back to
homeland, and makes translations from the western literature. He begins to take up an active role by
way of literature upon influence of the restoration period that emerged in China after 1915, as well as
the social poverty that gradually aggravated in China.
As it will be understood from the foregoing, what Lu Xun intended to do was to save the society he
lived in from obsolete and oppressive rules, and to bring it to an equal level as modern societies. By
way of his works written to serve this purpose, he guided the Chinese people towards modernisation in
literature, education and social life. As Lu Xun put it, the Chinese people needed to turn to the western
world in order to eliminate darkness, oppressive and repressive influence of the obsolete system.
China's invasion by Japan made Lu Xun extremely upset, and he dedicated himself to and succeeded
in persuading his people to fight against the obsolete culture and to generate a new national identity.
He masterfully employed literature in his fight.
In this study, as a Turkish Sinologist, efforts will be made to scrutinize Lu Xun's approach to Chinese
traditionalism and modernisation, and whether his guidance offered to the Chinese people as a
salvation is modernisation or westernisation by nature, consequently to reveal his approach to and
perception of his own traditional culture on his way to modernisation.
Keywords: Lu Xun, China, Modernity

Abstract No: 3145
The Study of The Level of Personality and Aggression of Individuals Doing Sports and
Those Not Doing Sports
Suleyman Erim Erhan
School of Physical Education and Sports, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
This study was done to compare personality and aggression characteristics of of individuals doing
sports in different branches and those who don’t do sports. The paradigm of the study consists of 240
male individuals. (20 volleyball, 20 football, 20 karate, 20 boxing, 20 basketball, 20 curling, 20 ice
hockey, 20 wrestling and 60 not doing sport). The data of the participants was statically analysed by
using IBM SPSS Statistics v20.0 program. Shapiro- Wilk test was used in order to test the suitability
of participants’ data according to normal variance and as it wasn’t normal variance non parametric
tests were used. Kruskall-Wallis test was applied in order to compare age factor to the average sub-
dimensions of personality and aggression. Mann- Whitney U non-parametric test was applied to
determine the difference between doing sports and not doing sports factors and the average sub-
dimensions of personality and aggression of the individuals. Finally, Spearman Correlation test was
applied to determine the relationship between participants’ sub- dimensions of personality and
aggression. As a result of the study, it was noticed that individuals doing sports are more extrovert and
have lower aggression levels than those who don’t do sports.
Keywords: Sports, Personality, personality scale, aggression, aggression scale

Abstract No: 3146
Comparison of The Social Gender Role Characteristics of Folk Dancers With The
Female University Students Who Aren't Dancers
Zinnur Gerek, Suleyman Erim Erhan, İlhan Sen, Yunus Oztasyonar
Gender concept is basically defined with masculine and feminine features. However, gender
consideration in human beings does not contain not only physical differences but also behavioural
differences. Social gender is the values and meanings which are imposed by ideology to the biologic
differentiation of man and woman. Furthermore, gender is interwoven complicated relationships
correlative with environment and institutions. Social gender roles are the explicandum of femininity
and masculinity in social environments and it is also a cultural fact in the context of perception. In this
study, with reference to cultural characteristics of folk dances, the gender roles of students, who
studied in various faculties of Ataturk University and danced at least for 4 years in folk dancing
groups and those who did not dance, were analysed by using Bem sex role Inventory. A sample group
with 214 people participated to the survey. As a result of statistical analysis made between groups, it
was determined that there were meaningful differences in women who are interested in folk dances in
terms of androgen and social liking levels. It was also determined that dancing women have better
feminine characteristics than those who don’t dance.
Keywords: Gender Roles, Folk Dances, Androgynous

Abstract No: 3147
The Effects of Tiring Exercises on the Dynamic and Static Balance Performances in
Different Branches
İlhan Sen, Muzaffer Aksakal
The aim of this study is to determine the static and dynamic balance performances of five sport
branches with different structural characteristics before and after Wingate test and to compare the
differences.
A total of 42 athletes, 9 basketball players, 9 football players, 8 handball players, 8 wrestlers and 8
climbers, who actively do sports and have agreed to take part, have been participated to the study.
Balance measurements were made by KAT 2000 (Kinaesthetic Ability Trainer). For each subject, four
balance measurements, dynamic and static measurement before and after Wingate test, were made.
The analysis of the data was analysed by the package software SPSSS Windows 18.0 and the
meaningfulness level was taken as 0.05.
When all branches were compared, it was observed that the dynamic and static balance performances
of the football players were higher than the other branches. While the decline in the static balance
performance after the Wingate test was statically meaningful in football, basketball and handball
branches, the changes in the dynamic balance performance after the Wingate test it was not statically
meaningful in any of the branches. Both the pre-test and post- test scores in static and dynamic balance
showed a strong positive correlation with the height and body weight for all subjects. Furthermore, it
was noticed that the pre-test and post- test score in static balance showed a positive meaningful
correlation with average power values of the pre-test score in dynamic balance. All the other balance
scores, except pre-test scores in leg power and dynamic balance, showed a meaningful positive
correlation.
It was observed that the static and dynamic balance of the athletes in five sport branches with different
structural features had differences and the balance performances of the football players were higher
compared to other branches. Besides, while the static balance performances just after the tiring
Wingate test affected negatively in football, basketball, and football branches, any negative effect in
dynamic balance performances was not noticed in any of the branches.
Keywords: Dynamic Balance, Static Balance, Sports

Abstract No: 3148
Analyzing of The Relationship of Some Motoric Characteristics in Elderly People With

Life Quality
Yunus Oztasyonar, Hasan Basri Yaman
In this study the effects of muscle force, muscle power, agility, balance and social activities to life
quality in elderly were searched.
250 elderly voluntaries living in Araklı district in Trabzon province were randomly selected for the
study between July 2012 and December 2012. The participants were informed about Nottingam Health
Profile, Berg Balance Scale, Sit-to-stand-test, climbing 10 steps test and Get up and walk 8 steps test
to be applied and they approved them. While analyzing data the statistical meaning level was accepted
as p 0,05. Findings were analyzed by SPSS 16 program and Tukey has Test and correlation analyze
tests were applied.
250 people averagely 72.46+5.54 aged participated to the study. A significant relationship was found
out between age and muscle power, muscle force, agility, physical activity, life quality and fear of
falling. A significant statistical relationship were found out between life quality and muscle power,
muscle force, agility, balance, number of falling in a year, number of their medication and VKI points
according to Nottingam Health Profile. (p 0.05). a significant relationship was found between sleeping
and balance, physical activity, energy level, social isolation, emotional reactions and pain.
It is found out that life quality increases when Sit-to-stand-test, climbing 10 steps, Get up and walk 8
steps test numbers increase. However, when Berg Balance scale points are low, life quality decreases
and if sleeping point is high balance decreases.
Keywords: Motoric Characteristics, Nottingham Health Profile, Life Quality

Abstract No: 3149
A CASE STUDY IN SOCIAL MEMORY: NIKOLA TESLA IN SERBIA
Refia Gulin Ogut Eker
University of Hacettepe, Faculty of Literature, Department of Turkish Folklore, 06800

Beytepe/Ankara/TURKEY
At the end of the twentieth century, Maurice Halbwachs defined memory in his work mémoire
collective with the following terms: 'collective memory, cultural memory, communicative memory,
social framework of memory, heritage, commemoration.' Memory has a three-stage function of
“encoding, storage, and recall” and in addition to its physiological and neurological features, it has
social and cultural dimensions.
Keywords: Cultural Memory, Collective Memory, Nikola Tesla

Abstract No: 3150
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION STYLES IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT:
A STUDY ON BUSINESSES IN BURSA CITY, TURKEY
Ayse Gozde GOZUM, Caglar DOGRU
FEAS, Business Administration Dept., Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
Although, both the studies on communication and crisis management are satisfactory in numbers,
studies on effects of communication in crisis management are scarce. For this reason, it is aimed to
fill the gap in the area. Then, the study was designed to serve the daily business life with its outputs.
Forty-eight businesses and two hundred eight employees in Bursa city were taken into consideration.
Bursa city was chosen because of its qualifications about crisis. The scope of these businesses is
import-export which makes them vulnerable to economic crisis. Moreover Bursa is on seismic zone
and this makes the mentioned businesses open to crisis by disasters.
An exploratory analysis and an empirical study were used with both qualitative and quantitative
research methods. Besides validity and reliability proved questionnaire, a semi-structured interview
was conducted. Data gathered from questionnaire was analyzed with SPSS, 19.
According to the results, employees use mostly face to face communication (%71.2), secondly, use
meetings (59.6%), then, e-mails (35.6%), bulletins (26.9%), written communication (22.1%), intranet
(17.3%), and notice boards (13.5%). More than half of the attendants (53.4%) use informal
communication styles in crisis. 46.6% of the participants ignore informal communication styles.
54.5% of the employees think that they are not informed about crisis on the other hand managers
mostly (74.3%) think that they give information about crisis to employees within transparency
concept.
Besides the numerical findings, a significant critique will be reported. Interview results will also be
shared. Finally there will be suggestions for the future researches and studies in the light of the results
at the end of the intended presentation.
Keywords: Crisis, Crisis Management, Communication, Communication Styles

Abstract No: 3152
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Belgin Bal İncebacak, Esen Ersoy
19 Mayıs University, Faculty of Education Department of Primary School
Problems and problem-solving are essential parts of life. A problem is an action creatimg the need for
solving in an individual; and a solution, which is not known by an individual; however, is still worked
on to be solved (Charles and Lester at al Baykul, 1999). One of the important aspects of the problem-
solving process consists of problem-solving strategies. The use of appropriate problem-solving
strategies and problem solving steps are significant in terms of succeeding at solving problems.
The aim of this study is to investigate the usage level of problem solving and problem-solving
strategies of secondary school students. The study was conducted by using the sampling method with a
total of 72 students from the two provinces in the Black Sea region of Turkey selected by random in
the second term of the 2014-2015 academic year. In this qualitative research for the case study,
content analysis was applied. The data obtained were submitted to the views of two experts so as to
achieve reliability and validity of the study, moreover; correspondence percentage was calculated.
In the study, we used three creative problems developed by Smith (1997) as data collection tools, and
adapted them into Turkish. The problems applied were evaluated according to Polya's stage of
problem solving (1945). Prediction and control, logical reasoning, predicting, and establishing
connections strategies were also used in both of the problems. In the evaluation phase of the problems,
the results obtained from both of the problems suggested that the students are successful at evaluating
the answers they provided.
Keywords: Mathematics, Secondary School, Problem Solving, Problem Solving Stages

Abstract No: 3153
Creative Problems On Creative Drama Course
Esen Ersoy, Belgin Bal İncebacak
19 Mayıs University, Faculty of Education Department of Primary School
In this study, we investigated the effects of creative drama course on problem-solving skills of pre-
service teachers in the 2nd grade of maths department. The study was conducted with a total of 18
students studying at the department of Primary Mathematics Teaching in a university in the Black Sea
region of Turkey in the second term of the 2014-2015 academic year. In the study, as a data collection
tool, two creative problems developed VanGundy (2005) were used and adapted into Turkish by the
researchers. In analysing the data, the solution of applied problems have been studied as to the
situations of the creative product. Research was conducted through content analysis of qualitative
research methods. The data obtained to ensure the reliability of the study was submitted to the opinion
of two experts and correspondence percentage was calculated.
As a result, the students having taken creative drama course have been found to have a positive
perspective on the creative problems. But we determined that the students had difficulty in producing
original ideas. As a result of the findings, we determined that the maths students having taken creative
drama course are successful in creative problem solving.
Keywords: Mathematics, Creative Problem Solving, University Creative Drama

Abstract No: 3154
COMMERCIAL FILM ANALYSIS
Feryal GÜNAL, Zafer TURAL
ÇOMU Çanakkale/TURKEY
Mass media growing with communication technology is in an extensively crucial position, both
socially and culturally. Mass media, which has constantly been giving explicit and implicit messages
to us how to describe the world and how to live, has explored a communication way that is now
beyond sending messages, and has created a way that now impresses, persuades, manipulates, even
dictates.
Commercials are the main financial sources for mass media tools. Commercials have functions such as
having a product preferred and introducing it, and creating need for that product. The methods
commercials use to perform these functions have been considerably improved firstly by
communication and by the relationships they formed with many disciplines. For these reasons, many
disciplines that include visual, auditory, language characteristics should be applied together when a
commercial is analyzed.
The commercial that is examined in this research is about promotion of one of the new productions
called “Fritos Shots” which has been published in a commercial series under the notion of “Doritos
Academy” created by firm called “Doritos”. Verbal expressions, sound effects, musical statements,
atmosphere and objects employed in the commercial are examined with analyses. Moreover, it is tried
to identify what kind of messages are given to the consumer. Semiotics,which has been represented by
such researches as Ferdinand Saussure, Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco, creates the theory of this
research.
As a conclusion, both procreation, which is socially the one of the most powerful instincts, and
sexuality are associated with the product with a social sexist statement via female body. In addition to
sexist approach of the commercial, it is observed that visual, fictional and musicals hooks are
combined skillfully.
Keywords: Commercial Film,Communication Technology, Verbal Expressions,Sound Effects,

Musical Statements
Abstract No: 3155
An Assessment on Religious Geopolitics of the Balkans
Muhammed Murat Arslan
Turgut Ozal University
The Balkans has been rich in terms of lingual, religious, cultural and ethnic diversity for its history. It
is inevitable that this diversity contributed the Balkans. When the last two centuries is considered, it is
found out that this diversity turned into a matter of conflict and this area faced serious problems. The
effects of the geography into the politics of the countries are in the field of geopolitics. Energy
potential, distance from economically important areas, seaports etc. of a country are being considered
when geopolitics is studied. Additionally, the factors like language, culture and history are also in the
study area of the geopolitics. Religious geopolitics, which can be defined as the social science of the
effects of beliefs and the religious symbols into the politics, is one of the most important term to
understand the Balkans as the identities formed by religions are very important elements for societies
to understand themselves. The religions alive in the mentioned area are Catholic and Orthodox
Christianity, Islam and Judaism. In the history of Balkans, both the ages of conflict caused by religious
identities and the ages of unique peace can be found. In this research, the effects of religious
references into the domestic politics of the Balkans and the approaches of the other countries to the
mentioned area in the frame of religious geopolitics are going to be studied. Furthermore, it is going to
be evaluated that in what ways the different fractions of one religion influences the geopolitics of the
mentioned region. The main focus of the research is going to be the religious geopolitics of the
Balkans. Both the historical stages of the topic and the current reflections of it are going to be
mentioned. Finally, it is going to be indicated broadly that what the religious geopolitics means for the
Balkans.
Keywords: Balkans, Balkans policy, Balkans diplomacy, geopolitics, religious geopolitics.

Abstract No: 3157
WHY SHOULD I SHARE? EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF

KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Bilge Aksay, Mevhibe Ay Türkmen
Adana Science and Technology University ADANA
At macro level, countries try to increase their knowledge producing capacity via different political and
economic implications, whereas firms try to create knowledge based technology, products and
services, at worst try to adapt them as they are appraised a firms’ most competitive and valuable asset.
But at the core of the knowledge creating and sharing process resides individuals, so this research aims
to understand individual knowledge sharing behavior and knowledge sharing fear. We will test Ipe’s
(2003) conceptual framework on knowledge sharing among manufacturing firms in Adana province,
Turkey . In this framework, factors that influence knowledge sharing between individuals in
organizations are motivation to share, opportunities to share and nature of knowledge under a given
cultural work environment. We, specifically focused on motivation factors for sharing knowledge,
conceptualized as knowledge as power, reciprocity, relationship with recipient, and rewards for
sharing. Knowledge as a source of power which may lead to fear of losing one's unique value was
measured by knowledge sharing fear scale (Renzl 2008), reciprocity was measured knowledge sharing
scale (Liao, Fei et al. 2007) which has two sub dimensions as donating and knowledge collecting to
measure the degree of knowledge sharing between employees in a firm. Relationship with recipient
has two elements as trust and the power and status of the recipient thus investigated by interpersonal
trust at work scale (Cook and Wall 1980). In order to analyze rewards for sharing, real and perceived
rewards for individuals that come from sharing knowledge, items adapted from Bock and Zmud’s
(2005) research were used. Finally the effect of organizational culture, examined from innovativeness
of the firm on hypothesized motivation factors for sharing knowledge indicated in the model will be
analyzed.
This article, based on a review of existing literature in knowledge sharing area, tests a model that
identifies motivational factors of knowledge sharing in organizations. The preliminary results of the
research show that knowledge sharing fear and the reciprocity factors play a very important role on
innovativeness of a firm. Following hierarchical regression analysis of preliminary research results,
some recommendations for manufacturing firms will also be presented.
Bock, G.-W., R. W. Zmud, Y.-G. Kim and J.-N. Lee (2005). ""Behavioral intention formation in
knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and
organizational climate."" MIS quarterly: 87-111.
Cook, J. and T. Wall (1980). ""New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and
personal need non-fulfillment."" Journal of occupational psychology 53(1): 39-52.
Ipe, M. (2003). ""Knowledge sharing in organizations: A conceptual framework."" Human Resource

Development Review 2(4): 337-359.
Liao, S.-H., W.-C. Fei and C.-C. Chen (2007). ""Knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, and
innovation capability: an empirical study of Taiwan's knowledge-intensive industries."" Journal of
Information Science 33(3): 340-359.
Renzl, B. (2008). ""Trust in management and knowledge sharing: The mediating effects of fear and
knowledge documentation."" Omega 36(2): 206-220.
Keywords: Knowledge Sharing, Motivational Factorsmanufacturing Firms

Abstract No: 3158
A Research on the Effect of Academicians' Demographic Characteristics on Deviant

Workplace Behavior
Serol Karalar
Trakya University, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business

Administration, Edirne, Turkey
Under intensive competition, modern organizations have to incorporate employees with various
characteristics. Analyzing those characteristics gains importance in order to increase performance and
job satisfaction level and to gain competitive advantage against other organizations. It is a fact that
employees display behaviors in line with their demographic characteristics. Said behaviors direct
employees to positive activities intended for organization's purposes. On the other hand, negative
behaviors push them to undesired behaviors by the organization. Those negative behaviors, named as
deviant workplace behaviors, are affected by many internal and external factors. Deviant workplace
behavior has several personal, social, organizational and economic effects. Deviant workplace
behavior has to be examined in details due to its importance and broad content in terms of employees
and organizations.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of academicians’ demographic characteristics on
deviant workplace behavior. In this context; the notion of deviant workplace behavior has been
explained. Afterwards, a questionnaire has been implemented on academicians working at a state
university. Gained data has been analyzed with the help of statistical package and it has been
commented on the results.
Keywords: Demographic Characteristics, Deviant Workplace Behavior, Academicians

Abstract No: 3159
The Effect of Demographic Characteristics on Nepotism: A Research on Academicians
Isil Usta

Nepotism, also known as favoritism of diverse kinds, is a problem encountered in professional life.
Nepotism stands for appointing unauthorized people for a job. In organisations where nepotism
prevails, favoritism can be observed in a number of practices such as recruitment, distribution of tasks,
performance measurement, payments, and promotions. Employees working in organisations with
nepotism are considered to be acquaintances, relatives, friends, family members, or people supporting
the same political or religious view; rather than for their knowledge, skills, success, and experience.
This leads to a biased management of organisations. Nepotism damages not only organisations, but the
employees as well. Employees constitute the main structure of organisations and expect to be treated
in a fair and equal way. On the other hand, nepotism harms the sense of justice in organisations,
causing a lack of confidence. Employees who lose their confidence in the organisation and conceive
that their expectancies are not met could harm the organisation in the long term by delaying their
work, being absent, or quitting work.
The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of academicians’ demographic characteristics on
nepotism. In accordance with this purpose, the notion of nepotism has been explained. Afterwards, the
findings and results of the questionnaire implemented on academicians, have been revealed.
Keywords: Demographic Characteristics, Nepotism, Academicians

Abstract No: 3160
The Role of Organizational Silence on Academicians’ Loneliness in Working Life
Tulay Demiralay, Ilkay Demiralay

When employees can not communicate well in working life, it causes various problems with each
other. This leads to the feeling of loneliness. The causes of loneliness are varied and include social,
mental or emotional factors. The feeling of loneliness arises from human emotions such as
abandonment, isolation, depression, insecurity, anger, hopelessness, insignificance. Another situation
evolving in the context of that feeling is the fact of silence. Employees in work life consciously or
unconsciously avoid sharing information that can benefit their organizations. The notion of
organizational silence, defined as avoiding thoughts and worries on organizational problems, has
important effects in terms of employees and organizations.
The purpose of this study is to measure the relationship between loneliness and organizational silence
on academicians. In this study, the relationship between the notions of organizational silence and
loneliness has been examined using Organizational Silence Scale and Loneliness Scale. It has been
commented on the findings with the help of statistical software package.
Keywords: Organizational Silence, Loneliness, Working Life, Academicians

Abstract No: 3161
Exploring the Role of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment among Medical

Secretaries
Fikret Sozbilir, Salih Yesil, Fatih Firtina
Department of Business Adminstration, Artvin Coruh University
The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationships between job satisfaction and
organizational commitment. At the same time, this field study considered to provide
recommendations, based on contribution of job satisfaction in point of organizational commitment.
The research was a cross-sectional study of medical secretaries in a big public hospital in Turkey. In
total, 119 usable questionnaires were obtained. Smart PLS program was used to test the research
hypotheses. According to the results, job satisfaction was positively related to all three dimensions of
organizational commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed in the
last section of the paper.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Medical Secretary.

Abstract No: 3162
Belgrade Şehrengiz (Poem, Introducing the City) of Hayreti, One of Rumelian Poets
Berrin Akalin
Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü
Gölköy/BOLU
Rumelian Poets have the distinguished place in the Classical Turkish Poem. Most of the poets, who
are listed in the collection of biographies, were born in Rumeli. They became the pioneer on some
subjects and made the significant contributions to the Classical Turkish Poem.
The tradition of writing Şehrengiz in our literature was also started by the Rumelian poets. The region,
where the Ottoman invaded in Europe and extends from Thrace to the Balkans, is known as Rumeli.
Sometimes, Rumeli is called as Balkans (Şemseddin Sâmî 1996: III/2376; III/1632; IV/2852;
Gökbilgin 1956: 247-285; İnciciyan-Andreasyan 1974: 11-88; Pitcher 1999; Özbaran 2004). The
borders of Rumeli had always changed depending on the conquest movements, and began to
narrowing from the century XVII.
With the invasion and inhabiting of Rumeli that were started in the century XIV, the culture life awoke
with the contributions of Evrenosoğulları, the raider who was active in Rumeli (İsen 1998: 80-86;
Arslan 2001) and of Abdullah İlâhî, the Sufi (TDEA 1981: IV/358). The cities such as Edirne,
Gallipoli, Sarajevo, Serres, Vardar Yenicesi, Skopje, Bitola, Plovdiv, Thessaloniki, Sophia and
Belgrade had become an important culture and art center in a short time.
The poem under the title of “Der-ta’rîf-i Belgrat ve Dilberân-ı ân-Şehr” in murabba form in the divan
of Hayretî, who raised in Vardar Yenicesi that was one of those culture centers, is a şehrengiz that was
written for Belgrade. The poet praises the beauties of Belgrade throughout thirteen versicles with
repeating verse, “Nazîrin görmedim yârân bu şehr-i cennetâsânın”. Even though Hayretî travelled
worldwide, he did not see any place as beautiful as Belgrade. The Belgrade’s stone is Bedahşan ruby,
soil is musk and amber, the water is selsebil river or Kevser. Its people are the angels with nymph
face. This is like a garden of Eden with the numerous beauties having the angle appearance, with the
very beautiful face, Kevser lips, tuba tall… After the poet praises Belgrade, he wishes Belgrade to live
until the Judgment Day in the last versicle which he mentions the name of Belgrade.
İlâhî bu Beligrad’un esâsın üstüvâr eyle
İçinde cümle mahbûbın cihân durdukça var eyle
Belâ-keş Hayretî’nün cânın anlara nisâr eyle
Nazîrin görmedüm yârân bu şehr-i cennetâsânun
HayretîMr 33/13
Hayretî has also a second şehrengiz in Mesnevi form with 261 verses which is not available in divan
about Belgrade (For the text and evaluation, see: Çavuşoğlu 1974: 325-356). In this abstract, Belgrade
will be discussed in Hayreti’s perspective and his place and significance in the culture life will be
reviewed.
Keywords: Hayreti, Belgrade, Şehrengiz, Rumelian Poet

Abstract No: 3164
Testing a multidimensional model to measure well-being among university students:

experience from Italy and Serbia
Francesco Lietz, Giovanni Piumatti, Vesna Bjegović-Mikanović, Cristina Mosso
Belgrade University, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade,
Serbia
Standardized well-being measures are increasingly being included in national surveys as a supportive
tool in policy-making and to foster cross-national comparisons. However, one of the main challenges
in well-being research is to elaborate multidimensional models and its components. Accordingly, our
goal was to test a comprehensive multidimensional model of well-being (MWB) across Italy and
Serbia.
This pilot study included a consecutive sample of Italian (N=112; Mage=24.61; age range=19-29;
69% females) and Serbian (N=94; Mage=22.65; age range=19-29; 70% females) university students.
Participants filled in an anonymous questionnaire investigating self-perceived well-being in different
life domains: overall life situation, relationships, community, occupation, physical health, and
psychological health. In addition, following the OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-
being, we included two control measures: life satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being, i.e. good
psychological functioning.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis on MWB’s domains reported a one-factor solution in both Italian
(53.1% of total variance explained) and Serbian (55.1%) sub-groups. On these bases, Multigroup
Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested measurement invariance across sub-groups, yielding satisfactory
fit results, χ2=52.64, df =30, p<.01, CFI=.94, TLI=.94; RMSEA=.06. A composite mean score for
MWB was calculated for Italian (α=.81) and Serbian (α=.84) samples. Bivariate correlations, using
Pearson’s r, indicated that MWB’s scores were significantly correlated (at p<.01) with life satisfaction
(r=.73 and r=.65 for Italians and Serbians, respectively) and eudaimonic well-being (r=.69; r=.58).
These results can stimulate the adoption of more comprehensive models of well-being to enhance
cross-national research in this field. Further longitudinal researches are needed to test reliability and
validity across time.
Keywords: well-being, Italy, Serbia

Abstract No: 3166
Design Activities of Nineteenth Century Europeans on Ottoman Economic System
Engin KIRLI
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen_edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, F 4 Blok, No. 116.
After industrial revolution, the structure of global economy got changed. Developed countries was
trying to encourage manufacturing raw material and to prevent industrial material in the countries
which they saw as the source of raw materiel and the market of product.
İn the 19th century, Ottoman Empire had a range of raw material and production. European contries
desiring provide a role to the Ottomans as raw material producter in international division of work
wanted them to give up industrial production but to bring only raw material out. On top of that, each
European country who wanted the Ottomans to be only a raw material producer pushed the Ottoman
manifacturers to produce based on its own needs.
Although all military, political superiority and effort of European countries could not have a direct
impact on the production in Ottoman Empire. In this work, I will argue that Ottoman Empire was
never evolved a monoculture economy; nonetheless, its production was aeffected by the needs of
European markets.
Keywords: Ottoman, Industry, Agriculture, Monoculture, Economy, Europa

Abstract No: 3167
The role of School Social Work by working with children who are victims of war and
armed conflicts
Nurdan Duman, Yaser Snoubar
Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Social Work,“Ankara”, Turkey
Children are the most affected grub by wars and conflicts in many countries in the world. At the same
time they are the most important group in social work interventions which aimed to protect, prevent
and treat them. School field is the best place where social work can help children and provide them
services in time of crisis and distress which has been replaced on the entire community. Since children
are directly exposed to violence while watching violence on the street or in satellite channels, this
situation significantly affects their behavior, their physical, moral, social and psychological
development. This requires direct work with the child and his family. It is also necessary to work with
him individually and in a group in cooperation with teachers. Undoubtedly that social work with
children in the school area in time of crisis require from the social worker sufficient skills and
information about the problems suffered by children in such times. This paper discusses the impact of
wars and conflicts on children's behavior and their physical, social, psychological and moral
development. As well as this paper will discuss the role of social work in working with these children
in the school field, which skills and information social workers must have and which services must be
provided to these children who are victims of wars and conflicts from the perspective of social work.
Keywords: School social work, war and conflict, children who are victims of war
Abstract No: 3169
The Impacts of Financial Markets of BRICS Countries on their Foreign Trade
Ercan Ekmekcioglu, Ismail Celik
Mevlana (Rumi) University, Yeni Istanbul Caddesi No:235, Selcuklu-KONYA
The purpose of this study is to analyze how much the financial markets of BRICS countries contribute
to their foreign trade. In this regard, emphasis will be made on the BRICS countries owing to their
active roles in the global economy and their macro size. Attempt is made to focus on an appropriate
bunch of data for the research goals in the study. Analysis is conducted based on secondary data
accompanied by tables in order for the main idea to be understood better. The analysis addresses the
impact and role of the financial markets of these countries on foreign trade. Detailed analysis of
current financial markets of BRICS countries is made and the direction of the trend for the last four
years is inquired. This period covers the years 2011-2014. Understanding the trend for external trade
and its relationship with financial markets by way of using other data is addressed. This study focuses
on identifying on what scale the financial markets constitute a subject of foreign trade as an economic
unit for the BRICS countries. In other words, it is understood that utilization of financial markets is in
the status of "trade of shares and stakes" on the scale of global investor’s portfolio. In a general sense,
however, it is concluded that financial markets make positive contribution to the foreign trade of
BRICS countries. Moreover, this study also addresses opinions with regard to the role which both of
these economic phenomena play in BRICS countries.
Keywords: BRICS countries, Foreign trade, Financial markets

Abstract No: 3172
ELDER ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN TURKEY
Aylin Arici
Department of Social Work, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
The world population has been experiencing considerable ageing since mid-twenty century. Ageing
had started first more developed countries and then has started to take place developing countries. One
of these developing countries is Turkey. This rapid growth of elderly population in Turkey can cause
different problems. Policy about elderly people is more slowly than growth rate. The inadequacy of
social security and support system, aggravating economic conditions has bad influence on elderly
people. Most of elder people are financially dependent on their families. The result of such kind of
reasons, the elderly faces growing abuse and neglect. Despite the fact that a large majority of elder
abuse cases go unreported or undetected, it is estimated that about %10 elderly persons subject to
abuse and neglect. According to the research results, approximately % 62 elder people faced abuse and
neglect (Artan, 2013). In this text, abuse and neglect rates in Turkey are mentioned. This study takes
attention cultural differences about unreported abuse and neglect cases. References: Artan, Taner;
Huzurevinde Kalmak Olan Yaşlılarda Aile İçi İstismar, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, Cilt 24, Sayı 2,
Ekim 2013.
Keywords: elder, elderly abuse, elderly neglect, elder abuse in Turkey

Abstract No: 3173
EVALUATING THE VOCATIONAL THOUGHTS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENTS THEY ARE STUDYING
Ozlem Karakus
Department of Social Work, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey
The aim of this study is to reveal the vocational thoughts of university students about departments they
are studying. The sample of the study consists of 1040 students; 608 (60,6%) of them are female, and
396 (39,4%) of them are male students who are studying in the different faculties of the Selçuk
University (Health Sciences, Law, Veterinary, Collage of Science, Faculty of Letters, Communication,
Agriculture, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Engineering),and they selected by
random sampling method. The average of age of the students is varying between 19 and 39. The
average of age is 22. During the data collection phrase “Demographic Information Form”; during the
evaluation of the data frequency polygon is used. At the end of the study it is detected that 743 (74%)
of the students are willingly, and 261 (26%) of the students are unwillingly came to the department
they are studying. Also; the uneasiest situation for the students’ future is to not find a job for 492
(49,0%) of them, financial difficulties for 282 (28,1%) of them, mate selection for 230 (22,9%) of
them. At the same time, it is confirmed that 679 (67,6%) of the students want to work in public sector,
and 325 (32,4%) of them want to work in private sector after graduation. It is seen that 198 (19,7%) of
the students define unemployment as not to find a job in public sector, and 806 (80,3%) of them define
unemployment as not to earn income. 458 (45,6%) of the students who participated to study are
pleased with the employment opportunities, but 546 (54,4%) of them are not. It is detected that
students of the departments of Social Work, English Language and Literature, Civil and Mechanical
Engineering are pleased with employment opportunities after graduation, but the students of the
departments of Statistic, Biology, Chemistry, History of Art, and Sociology are not. Also, 395 (39,3%)
of the students stated that they think they will be unemployed when they graduated, 609 (60,7%) of
them do not think they are going to be an unemployed; departments of Social Work, English Language
and Literature, Civil and Mechanical Engineering students stated that they are not going to become
unemployed when they graduated, but the students of the departments of Statistic, Biology, Chemistry,
History of Art, Sociology stated that they are going to become unemployed.
Keywords: : University Students, Unemployment, Occupation
Abstract No: 3174
PSYCHODRAMA WITH SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS
Ilkay Basak Adiguzel
Department of Social Work, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Group psychotherapy and psychodrama are two methods that feed one another and are used together
(Altınay, 2007: 31-32). Psychodrama is a more clinical form of group psychotherapy. Though its point
of origin is experimental theatre, it has evolved from this feature and turned into a more structured
method (Tahar and Kellermann, 1996). The psychodramatic approach establishes a relationship with
individuals through visual, auditory, kinesthetic, intuitive, intellectual, emotional, relational,
behavioral, and similar channels (Pramann, 2008: 2). That shows that psychodrama has a rich holistic
content for coping with different problems. Mostly used in group work, the psychodrama method is
considered by mental health specialists effective in treating a lot of mental and relational problems.
Sexual assault to women is a destructive experience for body and spirit. Women are traumatized again
and again by the fact that sexual assault events are not reported to judicial authorities because of
shame, fear, and so on; women have to prove their sexual assault claims; and processes related to
health, security, and legal rights are not women-oriented. Therefore, group psychodrama that provides
an individual with the awareness that s/he is the actor of his/her own life is considered effective in
repairing the sense of confidence; reducing feelings of guilt, shame, and fear; strengthening him/her
psychosocially; revealing the destructive effects of experiences on him/her; and making him/her lead a
good and balanced life through ensuring the unity of his/her self and life. This study focuses on group
psychodrama method in the case of women experiencing sexual assault.
Keywords: Psychodrama, sexual assault, working with group

Abstract No: 3175
EXAMINING TEACHER IMAGE VIA COLUMNS IN TURKISH NEWSPAPERS
Yaser Arslan and Soner Polat
Kocaeli University Umuttepe Campus Faculty of Education, Izmıt, Turkey
This study aims to examine the teacher image in media via columns which are printed in four top
seller newspapers. According to the data that are published by Press ad Agency, four top seller
newspapers are Hürriyet, Zaman, Posta and Sabah (www.bik.gov.tr). Data of the study were collected
by examining the columns of these four newspapers which were printed in 2011, 2012, 2013, and
2014. The study was designed by using qualitative research model. Data of the study were analyzed by
using content analysis. Data analysis process is ongoing.
Keywords: Image, Teacher, Teacher image

Abstract No: 3177
PROFILE OF FEMALE CONVICTS IN TURKEY
Semra Saruc
Anadolu University Faculty of Health Sciences Social Work Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
This research aims to display the profile of female convicts and to analyze the dimensions of female
criminality in Turkey. In this research, quantitative method is used. The data have been collected from
240 female convicts who were imprisoned in 6 female prisons in Turkey. In accordance with the
findings of research, characteristics of female convicts and facts that affect women criminality
unearthed. The results of the research show that female criminality is related to several factors and that
it is parallel with the related literature. The research group displays that women’s family and their own
experiences are determining factors in female criminality. It is seen that the structure of the family, the
environment, childhood experiences, married life, and experience of violence, substance addiction,
and impoverishment are important factors in female criminality. The types of crime frequently
committed by women can respectively be cited as follows: burglary, narcotics related crimes, and
murder. Female convicts commit crime mostly due to financial troubles. Another important finding in
relation to committing crime is that women commit murder because of violence-beating-abuse and
honor.
* This study has been organized by a section of author’s PhD dissertation named “Female Convicts:
Prison Life and Post-Release Needs”.
Keywords: Women criminality, female convicts

Abstract No: 3179
SEARCH FOR SENTIMENTAL HERDING IN THE CEE STOCK MARKETS?
Selma Ayture
Aksaray University, SUTİYO, Sereflikochisar, Ankara, Turkey
Herding distorts the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Hypothesis and leads to inefficient pricing.
Sentimental herding and adverse herding are hypothesized (Hwang and Salmon 2004) to occur, but
not observable, when there is stress and ambiguity about market conditions and may also be caused by
information asymmetry. Using a state-space model we have extracted herding indicators by using the
Kalman filter for markets in Poland and Romania. The reason for choosing these markets is simply
because Poland had longer experience with market economy relative to Romania when it joined the
EU in 2004, three years earlier than Romania (Romania joined EU in 2007). While I hypothesize that
there is sentimental herding in both stock markets, my search is to see if Polish investors behave
differently than the Romanian investors given their different periods of market exposure. I found
evidence that both markets experienced sentimental herding and some adverse herding, but that the
magnitude of herding was moderate. Herding persistency was lower in Poland relative to Romania,
indicating that Polish investors were quicker in turning back to the risk-return equilibrium path, which
may be explained by the fact that Poland was exposed much earlier to free market conditions and
hence had more experience with the market mechanism.
Keywords: sentimental herding, CEE, stock market, Poland, Romania

Abstract No: 3183
BURNOUT AMONG NURSING HOME PERSONNEL
Semra Saruc, Nur Feyzal Kesen and Serap Dasbas
Anadolu University, Faculty of Health Sciences Social Work Department, Eskisehir/Turkey
The aim of this study is to determine the burn out levels of personnel working in nursing homes. This
is a cross-sectional study among screening models. Maslach’s burn out inventory and personal
information questionnaire prepared by researchers are used to collect data. Data in our research are
obtained from staffs (n=109) working in a nursing home. Data are summarized by numbers and
percentages and it is seen normality assumption is hold. Therefore, independent samples t-test and
single factor analysis of variance are applied. Sample space of the research is composed of 160 staffs
working in nursing home. 30 female 79 male staffs agreed to participate in the research group and
therefore research sample is made up of these 109. Results of statistical analysis shows that significant
differences between burn out level and demographic properties such as being satisfied with elderly’s
attitude, desire to work in an another job, working period and income level. Nursing homes is one of
the places where elder people took service gregariously. Findings in this study reveal that burns out
levels of the staffs are high. Effective intervention at burnout should be done both individual and
organisational basis. The most important one is to develop a solution approach towards reasons by
detecting the factors caused burnout. Staff’s contribution to service provided can be derived. It is very
important to remove these problems in increasing the service quality provided to the elder.
Keywords: Nursing Home, Burnout, Elderly, Nursing Home Personnel

Abstract No: 3184
THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL BASIS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY TRAINING
Berrin Gokcek and Nuray Gokcek Karaca
Faculty of Health Science, Department of Social Work, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
The main objective of this research is to examine the international legal basis of occupational health
and safety training within a categorical approach. To that general objective, primarily it was focused
on the regulations of the United Nations which is pioneer of universal criteria for occupational health
and safety training and then the regulations related to the topic of the European Council were
examined. After that, the regulations of the International Labor Organization on occupational health
and safety training were examined and they were addressed to the European Union regulations.
Finally, a brief assessment of the legal regulations was evaluated on the occupational health and safety
training in Turkey in the context of international legal regulations.
Keywords: Training, health, safety, regulation.

Abstract No: 3185
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NORMS AND VALUES ON WOMEN MANAGERS’

MANAGEMENT STYLES
Ayca Guzel and Ayse Cigdem Kirel
Anadolu University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Eskisehir, Turkey
Norms are a kind of chain of rules that determines which kind of behaviours are desirable and which
are undesirable in a society. Laws might be consider as example of written norms. General customs,
traditions, religious rules, moral principles, forms of politeness are examples of unwritten norms. The
values are shared criterions or ideas that indicate which type of behaviours are good, correct and
desired. Our values not only shape our lives and acts, but also enable us to make judgments about
other people based on their acts. Management styles and organizational culture mutually affect each
other. Studies have shown that organizational culture could not be considered independent from
managers’ or employees’ cultures, norms and values. Therefore the mutual relationship between these
two concepts can be mentioned. In gender related studies, women who are exposed to intense
inequality and considered worthy to subordinate roles like low-level manager, take part more
dominantly and actively in working life day by day. One of the criticized topics about the management
styles of women, who barely reach the manager positions despite sustaining covert discrimination, is
observation of their commitment to values and norms. The aim of this study is to examine how women
managers’ commitment to norms and values affects the management styles and in this regard where
and how they take place in organizational discrimination.
Keywords: Norms, Values, Women managers, Management

Abstract No: 3186
A STUDY OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTS IN A

CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL FIRM
Abdullah Oktay Dundar, Mehmet Akif Sahman, Mahmut Tekin and Husnu Serdar Oge
Akoren Vocational School, Selcuk University, Turkey
The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a firm operating in the chemistry sector that
produces detergent in achieving to reach the predetermined quality standards, the effect of this
effectiveness on the efficiency of the firm and to assess whether the quality management system is
understood correctly throughout the firm. In this study, the quality targets set by the company were
analyzed for efficiency calculations. These quality targets are production quantities, defective products
and packaging damages. Three-year-targets and yearly values for these goals were evaluated. The total
amount of production efficiency ratio was above 0.98, defective products were between 0.66 and 1,
and packaging damages efficiency ratios were between 0.72 and 1.08. For financial efficiency, the
company’s three-year income statement was used. Its financial efficiency ratio was above 1.02. These
values were evaluated using trend analysis, and it was determined that the quality management system
ensured continuous quantitative improvement and development. The most important output indicator
in the quality management system is the measurement of customer satisfaction. It was determined that
none of the predetermined quality targets are appropriate for measuring customer satisfaction. This
shows that the company does not have a long-term perspective. Moreover, it can be said that
management sees the company as a closed system. However, in today’s world, change and product
cycles are very rapid, and customer needs change very quickly. The quality targets of the customers
should be at the core of the inputs and outputs of businesses.
Keywords: Quality management system, chemical industry

Abstract No: 3187
ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN TURKEY
Gokhan Unakitan
Namik Kemal University, Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey
The economic growth and unemployment are the most important issues of the economy which is the
main concern of economists’ cases. According to the theory, when the economic growth increases,
unemployment rates expected that show decreasing. But in contrary, unemployment rate failed to
reach the desired rate in Turkey. Although Turkey has been reached 9.4% growth rate after crisis
2001, unemployment rate has not reduce below 10%. So, the economic growth does not provide to
contribute to employment in Turkey. In this context, the leading cause of unemployment in Turkey is
high rate of population growth. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the
unemployment rate and economic growth and to analyze the effects of the crisis on growth and
unemployment. In this study, relationship between economic growth and the unemployment rate by
considering the after 1980 described with econometric model and solutions can be brought for the
prevention of unemployment.
Keywords: economic growth, unemployment rate, economic crisis, econometric analysis

Abstract No: 3189
A DISCUSSIONABOUT A NEW REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE FOR A

DEVELOPING COUNTRY: TURKEY
Yesim Reel
Department of Economics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
Regulation involves a continuous action of monitoring, assessment, and refinement of rules rather than
ad hoc operation. Implicit in this definition is also the expectation that ex ante rules will be dominant
form of regulatory control"(Levi-Faur). In order to achieve a good quality regulation, it might be need
a regulatory impact assessment. Specially, poor quality regulation is a particular challenge in
developing countries. As a developing country, Turkey has some regulatory institutions in different
sectors. It might be useful to discuss that it is possible better regulation in the country using a new
regulatory perspective. For this purpose, regulatory impact assessment is going to be evaluated in
developing countries. Then it will be given information about the regulatory institutions in Turkey.
Finally, it will be provided a discussion about a new regulatory perspective for Turkey.
Keywords: Regulation, Regulatory Impact Assessment, Turkey, Developing Country

Abstract No: 3191
THE APPROACH OF TURKISH HISTORIANS TO THE HISTORY OF CYPRUS
Guven Dinc
Department of History, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
The island of Cyprus has a rich and varied history. The history of Cyprus has not been worked
adequately by Turkish Historians. Today, few historians have studied on Cyprus history at the
universities of Turkey. In Turkey, there are also few specialized scholars on Cyprus history. The field
is dominated by studies belonged to few academics, and these works are often referred by other
academics. In this paper, I will discuss the approach of the Turkish scholars working on Cyprus
history and I will draw attention to the history of Cyprus and the Cyprus historiography in Turkey. In
this context, I will point out which periods have worked by the Turkish scholars (ancient times,
Byzantine, Venice, Ottoman, British, etc) and I will reveal the fields (political, economic, military,
social, etc.) chosen by the Turkish scholars. Thus, the approach of Turkish historians to the history of
Cyprus will be revealed. In other words, Cyprus perception in the Turkish historiography and the
perception of the Cyprus history in Turkey will be displayed. Present knowledge on the history of
Cyprus in Turkey will also be introduced. Finally, Cyprus historiography in Turkey and in the World
will be compared.
Keywords: Cyprus, Cyprus history, Turkish Historians, historiography.

Abstract No: 3192
Metaphorical Perceptions of Prospective Music Teachers towards
“Traditional Turkish Classical Music Course” Concept
A. Can ELDEMİR
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü
Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı
The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of prospective music teachers towards
Traditional Turkish Classical Music course by means of metaphors. Phenomenological design, one of
qualitative study methods, was used in the study. The study group of our research consists of juniors
and seniors studying in the Music Education Division, Department of Fine Arts Education, Faculty of
Education, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University in the spring term of the academic year 2014–2015.
Fifty five students participated in the study, and study data were obtained after the students filled in
the expression “Traditional Turkish Classical Music course is like/similar to .….. because ……”.
Obtained data were analyzed by using the content analysis technique, and the metaphors produced,
their frequencies and percentages were determined and categorized. Within the scope of the study, it
was observed that students produced 74 metaphors for Traditional Turkish Classical Music. Metaphors
produced by the participants were arranged under 7 categories in the light of the statements made and
their perception towards the course was attempted to be assessed.
Keywords: Music Teaching, Traditional Turkish Classical Music course, Perspective, Metaphor,
Content Analysis.
Abstract No: 3193
THE OPINIONS OF PROSPECTIVE MUSIC TEACHERS TOWARDS THE

PROBLEMS THAT THEY ENCOUNTER IN THE COURSE OF PIANO
Feyza Sonmezoz
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, Department of Fine Arts Education,
Branch of Music Education, Canakkale, Turkey
The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of prospective music teachers towards the
problems that they encounter in the course of piano. The study group of the research consisted of a
total of 80 students who study in the Departments of Music Education in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
University, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Trakya University, Marmara University in the academic
year of 2014-2015. The data of the research were obtained by means of a semi-structured interview
technique. The research concluded that the prospective music teachers encountered certain problems
on technical issues such as the ability to decipher, to use both hands independently, to make a tone, as
well as using fingers, speeding up, playing scales in the courses of piano.
Keywords: Piano, Piano Educution, Music, Music Educution

Abstract No: 3194
THE ROCK RELIEFS OF ANTIQUITY OF THE BURDUR REGION
Babur Mehmet Akarsu
Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
The Burdur Region has human settlement since the Paleolithic Period. Many of the mounds that
represents Anatolian Prehistory were located in the Burdur Region and Hacılar Mound, Kuruçay
Mound, Höyücek Mound are some of them. It was stated that this region was inside of the borders of
the Arzawa Kingdom in the 2nd millennium BC. It is known that the Burdur Region was under the
domination of Phrygia in the 1st millennium BC. The Lydian Kingdom, the Persian Empire, the
Seleucid Empire, the Pergamon Kingdom, the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire also ruled
this Region. This Region’s cultural diversity reflected on the cults and we can clearly see it by the rock
reliefs. In this paper, the results of our researches of the rock reliefs of the Burdur Region and these
rock reliefs’ diffusion zone will be tried to explain.
Keywords: The Arzawa Kingdom, Phrygia, The Persian Empire

Abstract No: 3197
ÇANKAYA MUNICIPALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN SUCH

PARTICIPATION IN THE POLICY PROCESS
Fatma Gokcen Cetin
Department of Local Governments, University of Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş, Nevşehir, Türkiye
This study, participation in the policy process and how it happens try to explain with an example and
participation in the policy process service activity aims to establish a relationship with. Participation
rate is the highest in the realization of the local government units and local municipalities are
represented by the example of the effectiveness of a public service of citizens participating in this
service how it affects those services are discussed.
Keywords: public policy, environmental policy, public administration

Abstract No: 3198
COST OPTIMIZATION OF INFEASIBLE FEED MIXING PROBLEM WITH THE

GOAL PROGRAMMING
Mehmet Akif Sahman, Abdullah Oktay Dundar and Adem Alpaslan Altun
Guneysinir Vocational School, University of Selcuk, Turkey
In feed mixing problems, by-products having different ingredients are mixed to produce one or more
products according to desired quality and cost targets. Feed mixing problems should be formulated to
optimize a given objective function. This is usually cost minimization satisfying defined limits and
conditions. In general, feed expenses correspond to 70%-80% of total expenses in any breeding
business. Hence, one of the most significant problems that managers in this industry should deal with
is the preparation of cost-effective feed mixes. In feed mix, LP may not generate solutions due to strict
constraints in linear model and lack of nutrients of feeds in feed mix. Goal programming was preferred
in feed mix problems which could not be solved by linear programming. Goal programming was used
in three different ways. Firstly, feed mix problems which cannot be solved by linear programming
were modified with positive and negative deviation variables and minimum value of these deviations
was calculated. Based on quality value(s) decision maker can reorganize constraints with deviations or
use a solution if deviations are negligible. Secondly, a model minimizing deviations and cost was
used. As expected, this model results in higher deviation values compared to the model with only
deviations, but this model also decreases cost. Lastly, pre-emptive goal programming was used. By
pre-emptive goal programming, decision maker was allowed to modify current models however he/she
wants. Decision maker can assign higher priorities for more important constraints. The aim of study is
to minimize cost as well as deviations.
Keywords: Cost Optimization, Goal Programming, Feed Mixing

Abstract No: 3200
AGRITOURISM AS A RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND THE

EVALUATION BY MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING ANALYSIS OF FARMERS’
PERCEPTION
Harun Hurma, Deniz Cagla Turan and Metin Gumus
Namik Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Economics,

Tekirdag, Turkey
Risk management strategies in agriculture are an increasingly important theme. Farmers are faced with
many kind of different risk and uncertain situations which can classified as; production and technology
risks, finance risks, marketing and price risk and human being origin risks. These risks and
uncertainties lead to income volatility for the agricultural firms. Farmers apply various risk
management strategies as; product differentiation, stable production operations, contract production
and insurance. By using one or more of the risk management strategies, farms’ income volatilities and
financial needs can be minimized. In order to avoid the production risk of these firms, agritourism can
play an important role in risk management regarding to provide regular and extra income opportunity.
Agritourism is briefly, defined as the practices to attract visitors the areas that are used for agricultural
purposes. These visits can also contribute to the economic sustainability. This purpose of this paper is
to measure farmers’ perception for agritourism as risk management strategies in Tekirdağ. Moreover
the study makes some suggestions to the firms for popularizing agritourism. The material of this study
consists of agricultural firms in Tekirdag province of Turkey. According to the sampling, it was
interviewed 118 farmers with 90% confidence level. The tendencies of farmers were analysed using a
Likert scale. Farmer’ perceptions on agricultural tourism purposes have been mapped by applying
"Multidimensional Scaling Analysis" (ALSCAL Multidimensional Method). It has utilized Young's
Q-Stress For two-dimensional solution. S-stress values were found 0.07871. In the generated a spatial
map; the purposes of agritourism has shown, in general and special purpose (dimension 2), important
and unimportant purposes (dimension 1). Farmers can expect elimination of important problems of the
country and regional agriculture such as migration of young people, problem of financial, risk
management against increasing natural disasters by agricultural tourism.
Keywords: Risk management strategies, agritourism, rural development, multidimensional scaling
Abstract No: 3202
TALENT MANAGEMENT APPROACH IN INFORMATION AGE
Esma Gorkem Ersoy
İstanbul Esenyurt University, Business and Management Science Faculty, Esenyurt, İstanbul, Turkey
The rapid and constant changes in the agenda of the business world stimulate the demand for talented
labor and having these talents becomes more difficult day by day. Introducing the talents suitable for
their strategy to their institutions in order to gain competitive advantage is not sufficient by itself. This
situation has brought forward the long-term practices that can keep the employees gained for the
company and maintain their continuity in it. With these practices, the aim is to establish an
environment for the employees to develop themselves and their careers and adapt themselves to the
company. Talent management is of considerable importance in increasing the performance of the
company and employees. The aim of this study is to explain the importance of talent management and
its meaning for new employee paradigm. For this reason, the dimensions of talent management have
been specified and examined in detail. And also a research basing upon a survey has been conducted
in Istanbul on the purpose of supporting the theoretical knowledge.
Keywords: Talent Management, Information age, Employee, Competition

Abstract No: 3204
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS IN ART
Meral Zengin
Kocaeli University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Department of Painting, Kocaeli, Turkey
Art in the period examined, some images are often repeated. Over time, although significant
differences in style of the artists some concepts from the ages unchanged. The concept of this state of
Jung's collective unconscious, it is possible to associate. This means that the individual has some
directing as the mass unconscious hereditary designs. These are transferred from generation to
generation, and all carry the common properties in humans. A great number of archetypes that form
the basis of the collective unconscious, one from the mother archetype. From the prehistoric period up
to the present mother archetypes has been the subject of maternal image art major. Depending on the
belief system in early period, it was associated with the earth and fertility ,represented the main
goddess. In mythology, the goddess in the saga of the property. Monotheistic religions accompanied
innocence, compassion, altruism, like mother belong to that property are up, instinctive emotions he
changes shapes. Christian icons of the Virgin Mary and Jesus are examples of the most important
figures of the period. Community created events breakpoints in maternal image changes have created,
loaded meanings to his mother in his works of art for the ages by impersonating the existence of
different formats. Study the history of art from the beginning of the 20th century Western art have
been examined, in a relationship with the concept of the collective unconscious mother image was
questioned.
Keywords: Art, Motherhood, The Collective Unconscious, The Mother Archetype

Abstract No: 3206
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GRAPE PRODUCTION AND

GRAPE PRICE IN TURKEY
Fuat Yilmaz and Derya Ilkay Abdikoglu
Department of Agricultural Economics, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
Geographically, Turkey is among the most suitable countries for grape production in the world.
Turkey offers a potential of growing around 1250 grape varieties. Traditionally Turkey is specialized
in producing table grapes and raisins. As an export product, grape is consumed as raisin, wine, canned
and grape juice in every month of the year. Turkey ranks sixth country in the world in grape
production with about 4 million tons. (163 million USD) Turkey is in the first place in seedless dried
grape export value while 84% of the seedless dried grape is being exported to European Union. In
agriculture the prices are subject to the periodic fluctuations. Cyclical supply and demand in grape
production should be observed in more than one year. Because of this property in agricultural
products, production quantity-price relationship is analysed using distributed lag model. As a
multiyear agricultural product, grape is expected to have more lag than the other one-year agricultural
products. For this purpose Turkish grape production and price relationship is analysed using Koyck
model.
Keywords: grape, raisin, koyck model, distributed lag model

Abstract No: 3207
POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF VOLUNTARY CARBON MARKET REVENUES ON

FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS IN TURKEY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF
CARBON FOOTPRINT
Fatmanur Yorgancilar, Haldun Soydal and Ayberk Nuri Berkman
Department of Economics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
The increase in greenhouse gases, caused by industrialization and inefficient use of energy resources,
has also negative effects on growth and development. Carbon emission trading is a prominent issue of
the Kyoto Protocol which aims to eliminate these effects. Even though Turkey has not benefited from
the mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol due to absence of greenhouse gas restrictions; it has an
important place in terms of its projects for Voluntary Carbon Markets. In this study, within the
sustainable financing environment, carbon emission trading and infrastructure development efforts for
carbon markets in Turkey are examined. The current situation is set out in the context of sustainability
index and carbon footprint criteria. The study in which policy recommendations are made for reducing
the carbon footprint discusses the impacts of spreading carbon trade in Turkey on macroeconomic
variables, including foreign exchange earnings in particular.
Keywords: Carbon Footprint, Carbon Emission Trading, Foreign Exchange Earnings

Abstract No: 3208
INTEREST-INVESTMENT RELATIONS:
DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY COMPARISONS WITH TURKEY
Haldun Soydal, Duygu Baysal Kurt and Sema Yasar
One of the most important indicators of a country's development is economic growth. The Investments
and interest rates are of great importance in terms of economic growth. In an economy, investments
are expected to increase income and employment. Also interest rates are one of the most important
variable affecting investment decisions in an economy. In this study, to examine the relationship
between interest rates and investments, interest, investment and inflation indicators of both developed
and developing countries in 2000-2014 periods are analyzed. As developed countries, the US, Japan,
Britain and the Eurozone; as developing countries, the fragile five which is expressed as Turkey, India,
Brazil, Indonesia and South Africa are discussed. In the study result, although there are low inflation
and low interest rates in developed countries, and higher inflation and interest rates in developing
countries compared to developed countries, the investment rates does not diverge significantly
between the two groups.
Keywords: Growth, Investment, Interest Rate, Fragile Five

Abstract No: 3209
SHADOW BANKING AND SHADOW BANKING MECHANISMS IN TURKEY
Haldun Soydal, Ahmet Ay, Taha Ketenci and Mustafa Tek
Institutions which are not banks that make up the shadow banking system are establishing a bridge
between the borrower and the lender. This study examined the functioning of the shadow banking
system. Shadow banking practices mean the fact that transactions are not subject to the regulations of
financial institutions such as banks not exist in Turkey. Shadow banking constitutes a serious risk for
the global economy because it reached “bulky” volume. However, it does not create a problem for
Turkey. During Global Financial Crisis, Turkish banking sector showed continuous strength
legitimating the regulations have been taken since 2001. After Turkey, developed countries such as
USA, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and the Eurozone were comparatively analyzed and the
shadow banking has reached a substantial size in the world compared to the existing banking system.
Also the strong ties between shadow banking and Global Financial Crisis have tried to be explained.
Keywords: Shadow Banking, Global Financial Crisis, Banking System

Abstract No: 3210
COMPARING THE FISHERY SECTOR BETWEEN TURKEY AND

EUROPEAN UNION
Derya Ilkay Abdikoglu and Gokhan Unakitan
Department of Agricultural Economics, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
Fish is a healthy food for public nitrification. In Turkey fish consumption is still not at desired level
although its health benefits. While having rich fishery resources in Turkey, fish consumption is lower
than European Union. Average fish consumption of EU and Turkey are 22,86 and 6,3 kg/capita
respectively. Statistics show that there are differences in the amount of fish consumption among the
regions of Turkey. In this study, fish production, consumption, imports and exports are compared
between Turkey and the European Union. In Turkey 44,16% of total 528.561,8 tons of fish production
is aquaculture and 55,84% of fishery in 2013. In the European Union, 6,05% of the total 5.470.368
tons of fish production, including aquaculture and fishery 93,95% respectively. In 2011, Turkey's
export and import are 62.855 tons and 59.959 tons respectively, while the European Union's export
and import is 5.146.306 tons and 7.080.900 tons respectively. The aims of this study are to compare
Turkey and EU countries about fishery sector, to estimate Turkey’s future fish production with
econometric models and to discuss policies for increasing fish consumption.
Keywords: fish production, fish consumption, foreign trade, trend analysis

Abstract No: 3211
A READING IN THE LIGHT OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF HEGEL ALIENATION:

GAYYA-YI VÜCUD
Enser Yilmaz
Siirt University, Kurtalan Vocational School, Siirt, Turkey
Alienation is an old concept as humanity which can be defined as case that is alienation from yourself,
society, its values, the environment in which he live of individual. First we encounter this concept as
an ontological problem that has expressed unhappiness of individual by gaining an economic identity
with Karl Marx and with the development of industry. Technological developments, new
breakthroughs in the industry, community-type society transitions have accompanied a set of problems
and they had people made unhappy. We face alienation concept more philosophically at Hegel. Hegel
who took concept of alienation from a theological plane, then submit to the orders of philosophy.
Alienation is more the separation of the soul from the body for him and is in the form of a substance
present in the world. Tevfik Fikret who is the most important poet of the wealth of sciences (Servet-i
Fünun ) he had been in an uncomfortable environment created by the imagination and reality clash and
he had reflected this in works. This situation, which led to unhappiness and often reflected in the
works, and these works have gained as a result of a philosophical dimension queries. in our study,we
will try to examine Gayya-yı Vücud which is an important poem of Tevfik Fikret under the alienation
light.
Keywords: Alienation, Hegel, Tevfik Fikret, Gayya-yı Vücud

Abstract No: 3216
CINEMA FILMS BASED ON ACTUAL EVENTS
Nilufer Pembecioglu and Adnan Kilinc
Istanbul University Faculty of Communication, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
The term transmedia is very popular in nowadays, however, the links between the different types of
media was established throughout the history, almost from the very first days. The social events of the
society, was reflected in the pictures of the past. The walls of the caves carved with the first hunting
scenes were the first examples of transmedia. The events in the real society were transferred to the
media in such a way that, even if the society is changed and vanished somehow the media is still there
to refer to the events. Later on, the history witnessed the social events taking place in the real society
transferred to the different types of media such as cinema or television films, weekly serials, radio
programs, cartoons, etc. This study aims to find the correlation between the most read newspaper
events reflecting social life and relations on a national or international basis. The correlation between
the national and international events and feature films were discussed throughout the study. The main
aim is to find out how the cinema films said to be based on actual events are related to these events.
And what are the main reasons for their popularity. In other words what are the main reasons to make
the people follow this somehow ‘known’ message in the cinema saloon once again? Cinema has
always been popular in the sense of becoming a mass media tool for the society. At the beginning it
was a way of escaping the real world, finding out more about the unknown things. In this context, the
cinema was opening the doors of the unknown worlds and exotic life far away and difficult to reach on
your own. The directors are expected to deliver these unknown and difficult to reach scenes to the
audience to make them happy and knowledgeable. However, in this case, the known events, taking
place in real life, the contact with the events through the other media disproves the theory of escape for
the cinema films. Regarding that these true story films are usually the successful ones, having big
budgets, great cast and higher box office rates, the study concentrates on how these ‘known’ dynamics
help the films to gain such a success. The study has three main parts; one is the literature review
concentrating mainly on the films and events to find out if there is any correlation between these
events and the cinema films. The second part concentrates mainly on the audience reflections and
preferences aiming to find out the level of consumption and dynamics of cinema going. To find more
about the dynamics of the films based on the true events, the audience will also be questioned if they
would like to have a film based on a true event, what would the theme be. These would provide
enough to see the future trends of the audience as well as to understand the supply and demand
balance of the sector. The data will be collected in France and Lithuania in which cinema going
activities are high and the creative industries are given special importance. The last part of the study
aims to provide a documentary as a final product including interviews with the national and
international audience as well as the film directors and cinema critics.
Keywords: Cinema, Social Event Sociology, International, Media

Abstract No: 3218
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINGUISTIC AND

MATHEMATICAL SKILLS’ OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Bengisu Koyuncu and Defne Kaya
Department of Educational Sciences, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey
Children encounter mathematical concepts very early starting from the first months of their lives. In
preschool years children with their natural curiosity and eagerness to learn are open to rapid
mathematical development (Taşkın, 2013). A considerable amount of studies focus on the relationship
between mathematical and linguistic development (Abedi, Lord, & Hofstetter, 1998; Abedi, Lord, &
Plummer, 1995; Cocking & Chipman, 1988; Garcia, 1991; Lepik, 1990; Noonan, 1990), and reveal a
strong connection between these domains. Evidence for this connection was found in children’s lower
performance in word problems compared to problems in numeric format (Carpenter, Kepner, Linquist,
& Reys, 1980). Students also show lower performance when presented a mathematical problem other
than their first language (Mestre, 1988). Beside the fact that language skills affect mathematical
development, language is used as a facilitator for mathematical understanding (Simpson & Cole,
2014). In this vein, the aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between language and
mathematical skills also considering different background variables. This research is quantitative
methodology. In order to measure children's language development “Peabody Picture Vocabulary
Test” and “Limbosh and Wolf Vocabulary and Language Test” and also children vocabulary skills
measure “Braken Basic Concept Scale-Revised Form” are be used as data collecting instruments.
Participants are children between 5-6 years of age, attending summer school programs in two
preschools located in İstanbul, Turkey. Summer period is chosen for the investigation, because it
allows reaching children with different background variables in same school. Results will be presented
and recommendations for preschool curriculum in the light of results will be made.
Keywords: language and mathematical skills

Abstract No: 3221
USING SOCIAL MEDIA IN CITY MARKETING - A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF

HASHTAGS FOR ISTANBUL IN INSTAGRAM
Selda Uca Ozer
Trakya University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
Nowadays, social media has almost become part of consumers’ daily lives. It is seen that social media,
which is one of the most important marketing tools for companies and brands, is also being used
effectively in city marketing. This paper aims to systematically analyze hashtags for Istanbul in
Instagram, which is one of the most important social media channels, and to determine elements that
can be used effectively in city marketing. In this study, content of hashtags for Istanbul in Instagram
has been analyzed by content analysis, using “visual elements”. After detailed literature review, an
encoding table that contains the main themes and sub-themes related to important elements in
marketing of Istanbul has been created. To analyze the data, SPSS 16.00 has been used. Percent and
frequency analyses have been performed as descriptive statistics to analyze the data. In line with the
findings of the research, prominent elements in shares of users related to Istanbul has been evaluated,
and recommendations have been made for using these elements in city marketing activities.
Keywords: Social Media, Instagram, Istanbul, Content Analysis

Abstract No: 3222
WHAT? WHY? HOW LONG? HOW? WHEN? WHERE? ON 6 QUESTION

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Ahmet Unsal
Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
In this study it is searched by asking on 6 N answer on the academic literature which is observed in
conceptual conflict or dilemma in “entrepreneur-entrepreneurship”, “institutionalization-
individualisation”, “New-Innovation”. Result of those it was obtained some conceptual innovation
which is supplemented into literature. In this study first of part it is justification with invisible hand
which is unrelated one of hypothesis Classical economics but invisible hand related with social capital.
In studying part of second it is solved the new concept by applying “the times” and “the place” which
are being classified two kind, In addition it is used some determinant adjective so as to analyse the
entrepreneur and in those process knowledge of meta objectivist, methodological objectivist and
subjectivism. Accordingly creative entrepreneur or destructive entrepreneur is which created value for
all people in the world. As for that nonconformist entrepreneur is commercialized to traditional
producer, consumer, investor etc. which is created by destructive entrepreneur. Thus it is balanced the
value is created by destructive entrepreneur by nonconformist entrepreneur. In studying part of third it
is defragment with social capital with the value tools which are innovated base on institutionalisation
economics, institutionalisation politics, institutionalisation management or individualisation
economics, individualisation politics, individualisation management.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Institutionalisation, New

Abstract No: 3223
BEING A WOMAN MANAGER IN TURKEY AND PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC

INSTITUTION EMPLOYEES ON WOMEN MANAGERS
Mehtap Araci and Fatma Gokcen Cetin
Department of Local Government, University of Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli, Nevşehir,Turkey
While women have been constituting almost half of the total workforce all over the world and taking a
part in private and public sector for many years, they have not been adequately represented
management positions, and it has been seen that the factors affecting women in terms of participating
in labor force also have effected progress cases in their careers. Even educated and successful women
can suffer from patriarchal understanding that gives women heavy responsibilities and the sexual
division of labor, and women have been faced with a glass ceiling formed by barriers that can not bee
seen and passed in the labor market. Turkey, by year 2014, was ranked as the second in the world with
11.1% rate of chairwoman, and located on the 8th rank among the 40 countries with 31% rate of of
female managers. On the other hand, in the public sphere, the proportion of senior women managers
remained at 9.4% in the country. It has been seen that previous studies have not drawn attention to this
significant difference between the private sector and the public sector rates, and there is no any
research which is based on analysing findings that may be partly have cause for this difference in
Turkey’s conditions. With the purpose of filling this gap in the literature, in the first part of this study,
obstacles in front of being female manager in Turkey and factors which can cause to be successful or
failure of women in the management field have been evaluated within the context of requirements of
management activity and Turkey's social, economic and cultural conditions; in the second part of the
study, it has been tried to reach data that might be useful in terms of evaluating reasons of low rate of
female managers in the public sphere. In this regard, a questionnaire study was conducted on
employees working in different public institutions in Nevsehir province. Based on research findings, it
also has been targeted revealing to what extend opinions of public employees on women managers can
vary according to gender (sex). It is expected that research findings will be useful for many researchers
conducting research in this field.
Keywords: Women, women manager, management

Abstract No: 3242
IS THE INPATRIATION AN ALTERNATIVE TO EXPATRIATION:

THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EMPLOYING
EXPATRIATES AND INPATRIATES AND ORGANIZATIONAL REACTIONS OF
TURKISH COMPANIES
Mehtap Araci
Gülşehir Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
In the global business arena the competition gets aggravates and multinational companies (MNCs)
seek out for new staffing options to stay competitive. In these options, expatriation and inpatriation
plays an increasingly important role. Inpatriates are host-country personnel in MNCs foreign
subsidiaries whose knowledge of the local market, business practices, and cultural preferences make
them a significant source of international management talent for MNCs. Expatriates managers, on the
other hand, are home-country personnel who hold key positions in MNCs foreign subsidiaries, mainly
to establish control in the foreign market. Both of them are MNCs strategic sources of human capital,
through which knowledge is developed, carried, and exchanged within the MNCs network. These
different assignee types have various differences as well as having a lot of similarities. The issue that
which assignment type is the right choice to obtain competitive advantage and success in the global
rivalry for the MNCs displays variability by countries as well as by organizations. Because of this, the
organizational reactions become different to employ one of them. It has been seen that there has been
rather insufficient comparative research on employing expatriates and inpatriates in literature and there
has not been any management study on the reasons of choosing one of these different assignment
types of Turkish companies. As a result of this gap, the aim of this study is to assess the similarities
and differences between employing expatriates and inpatriates as comparative and the organizational
reactions of Turkish companies. It is hoped that this study can be useful for both the success of
business employing expatriates and inpatriates and for numerous scholars to study in this field.
Keywords: Expatriate, Inpatriate, Turkish Company

Abstract No: 3243
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN THE WAR AND CONFLICT ZONE:

WOMEN'S CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AS AN EXAMPLE
Nurdan Duman and Yaser Snoubar
Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Social Work, Ankara, Turkey
Wars and civil conflicts in the world especially in the Middle East have resulted to the violation of
human rights in every sense. It was the biggest impact of these conflicts on the family and
consequently on women as a result of changed roles brought by wars and conflicts under the silence of
the international law and not to apply it, which led to psychological, health, social and educational
crisis represented in violation of the rights significantly. Represented violations of women’s rights
because of wars and conflicts were in change roles within the family and those women in servitude
instead of the man who buried his role wars. The use of women in conflict and participation in the
violence, the arrest of women by parties to the conflict and exploitation, women exposed to direct
injuries leading to death or disability, separation of women from family and staying in refugee camps.
This paper discusses the violation of women’s rights because of civil wars and conflicts in the Middle
East region and proposes solutions for the protection of women's rights in war zones and refugee
countries from the perspective of the social work profession. This paper is based on a review of the
literature as well as the expertise of researchers in this subject and their knowledge of the status of
women in the Middle East. The aim of this paper is to present the most prominent of Middle Eastern
women's rights violations, which has increased the intensity of the continuity of wars, conflict and
aggravation.
Keywords: Wars and civil conflicts, human rights, women's crisis

Abstract No: 3244
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS:

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ATTITUDINAL DETERMINANTS
Yasemin Oraman and Êmine Hicran Kopuz
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
Functional foods have become the corner stone of food innovation in the past few years. Functional
foods have existed on the Turkish food market since 1990 and the number of functional food products
is increasing. However, the interests in and attitudes to functional food among consumers is crucial if
these foods are to be consumed and thereby exert their potential health benefits. Functional foods
presumably enable the consumer to lead a healthier life without changing eating habits. In this paper, it
is aimed to analyze the approaches of different consumers, living in the city of Istanbul, towards a
variety of functional foods, the socio – economic status of the families and their approaches to
functional foods. Applying a face to face survey to 611 people living in Istanbul, their attitudes to
functional foods were examined. A Likert type scale was used to evaluate each of the questions. The
collected data was analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), descriptive statistical analysis
which consumers' attitudes on functional foods. According to the results of the research, 73, 2 % of the
consumers noted that they have had functional foods at least once before. As a result of the research,
37, 2 % the consumers stated that they have sometimes had the mineral water, one of the functional
foods used in the study, and considering the judgments, it was observed that the mineral water had the
highest consuming frequency. Consumers with a general health interest have a positive attitude to
functional food and perceive the foods as necessary, rewarding to consume and health promoting.
Different characteristics of the Turkish consumers were associated with consumption of different
functional food products. A significantly larger proportion of the females had consumed probiotic milk
products and fibre-rich bread than males. Although the enhanced health benefits attracted consumers’
attention, concerns on the artificial ingredients and effectiveness of the health benefits have formed
negative attitudes towards functional products. Thus, understanding factors that influence consumers’
perceptions and acceptances of functional food is essential for food industry in their new product
development strategies making.
Keywords: functional food, consumers’ perceptions, changing eating habits, attitudinal determinants
Abstract No: 3247
ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND

SENSITIVITY OF UNIVERSITY
Zeynep Tezel and Hande Sahin
Department of Social Work, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
This research represents an attempt to assess the environmental awareness and sensitivity of university
students. The data in this research was obtained using the questionnaire-type "Environmental
Awareness and sensitivity Scale" with current university students (N:224). This was a descriptive
study. Students who participated in the study rated most positively the statements "It makes me happy
to see people trying to protect the environment", “I make sure that even if there isn’t much waste in
our household, it goes into a waste bin before being thrown out on the street” and “I make sure that
waste I have goes into a waste bin in enclosed spaces outside the home such as schools, hospitals, and
shopping centers” respectively. A distinct gender difference was discovered in attitudes on the
environmental awareness and sensitivity scale, with female students more positive than male students
in their attitudes towards the environment.
Keywords: Environment, environmental awareness, sensitivity, university student

Abstract No: 3248
HUMAN TYPE IN ABDURRAHİM KARAKOÇ POETRY
Ferhat Cetinkaya
Dicle University, Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Abdurrahim of the leading figures of Turkish literature Karakoc, he wrote hundreds of poetry and
love, has raised social disruptions, next to religion and country -themed poetry and of creating the
harmony and simplicity of folk poems with syllabic was the most important poet. Boldly poems
penned the poet, together constitute the absolute truth in the essence of poetry is seen as an essential
element of a human being in the poem. Reflecting the social awareness of the aesthetic poetry Karakoç
is connected to the idea of folk poetry in depth. Poet, who masterfully that has benefited greatly from
the satire and irony, has declared war on corruption and evil with poet sensitivity is bent into a
heartfelt and sincere sensitivity to the land issue. Folk poetry brought to the simplicity of this
innovation and simplicity has led many to read. Abdurrahim Karakoç poetry really has set an
objective manner without departing from the main vein of poetry, referring to the period of the issue.
Militant and the court many times a character occur due to the outspoken and Karakoç acquitted of all,
the painful process of the period of the poem is significant evidence showing us how it occurred. He
entered the poetry of human types together with community issues and has enriched the poetry. These
people sometimes painful, while one that is sometimes painful love turns into a type of social
awareness. In this study, we have classified according to characteristics of the human kind which
compile Abdurrahim Karakoç pointed out.
Keywords: Abdurrahim Karakoç, Poetry, Human Types.

Abstract No: 3249
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION ON THE WEB
Burcu Zeybek
Faculty of Communication, Istanbul University, Kaptan-ı Derya İbrahim Paşa Sokak 34116
Beyazıt/İstanbul, Turkey
In our world developing and changing, while the success of technological updates are increasing
especially on communication technologies , people are more interested in this developing and
changing day by day also they keep up with them. This fast developing and changing in
communication technologies brings new concepts and new professions. One of them is political
communication and social media on web environment. In this research the answers of some questions
are looked for and found out. Such as; whether the political parties make a political communication
study, or not, if they do how do they make; whether they use internet as a political communication
device; during forming a public opinion, what the role of these political communication devices is;
whether public relations devices are used or not and the importance of public relations, and how do all
of them affect on the success of being government. In this study web site usage of the political parties
has been taken into consideration in this sampling criteria study which is one of the qualitative
research methods justice and development parties. AK Party and CHP website has been determined as
sample the data on justice and development party, AK Party and CHP websites have been examined
according to the universally accepted criteria. In conclusion the functionality of the official site of the
AK party has been measured. It is tried to present how do political communication as a public relation
action affect that political parties make real their goals.
Keywords: Political Communication, Public Relations, Web Site, Internet, Social Sharing Networks
Abstract No: 3250
PERCEPTIONS OF ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN İZMIR

PROVINCE TOWARDS CORPORATE REPUTATION OF THEIR SCHOOLS AND
LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF THEIR SCHOOL MANAGERS
Asli Oran and Ali Aksu
Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
The purpose of the study was determined as: A current and reliable measurement means which would
be used to appoint how teachers doing duty on Anatolian High Schools perceive their schools'
reputations is to be improved; reputation level of Anatolian High Schools is to be appointed by using
Questionnaire developed; it is confirmed how schools' reputation is affected by various changeables
and it is revealed what a relation between school managers and school's reputation is by appointing
leadership styles. While the population consists of 4259 teachers who do duty on Izmir Province’s
Anatolian High Schools, the sample representing the population consists of 376 teachers determined
by proportional stratified sample method. While a current and reliable measurement means occurring
from 29 items was developed as to measure school's reputation as data collection tool on the study,
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used as to appoint leadership styles of school managers.
According to the result of the study, the reputations of Anatolian High Schools are perceived as level
'well' by teachers. These perceptions vary in teachers' gender, educational level and marital status.
Leadership styles that Anatolian High Schools' managers have got are respectively transformational
leadership, transactional leadership, management leadership with exception as from highest point to
lowest point. Teachers' perceptions related to leadership styles of school managers vary in gender of
teachers, seniority and marital status. There is high level positive relation between leadership styles of
school managers and school reputation. According to linear multi regression analysis made, variance
which leadership styles explained it related to school reputation was gotten as 54.9% in order to
appoint how leadership styles of school managers explain school reputations chosen as dependent
variable. According to the result of regression analysis, regression equality related to be predicted in
terms of school reputations ' leadership styles is stated in the way that; School reputation=66,753-
0,718 management leadership with exception + 0,606 transformational leadership+0,467 transactional
leadership.
Keywords: reputation, school reputation, leadership, leadership styles
Abstract No: 3251
NEGLECTED ROLE OF MAHMUD II AND HIS DIPLOMATS IN THE

LITERATURE TO SOLVE THE MEHMET ALI PROBLEM BY USING
DIPLOMACY
Serkan Demirbas
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of History, Eskişehir,
Turkey
Military history of Mehmet Ali Problem (1832-1839) is well documented historical facts in both
Turkish and English literature. However, the unknown side of the story is what role Mahmud and his
finest diplomats played in the process of resolving the Mehmed Ali problem using diplomacy. This
role has been overlooked by the vast majority of scholars. This neglect ensues from a lack of
knowledge of the Ottoman diplomatic effort in this process. The most obvious way to overcome this
problem is to depart from the orientalist perspective, and use the Ottoman documents, which bear
witness to Mahmud’s instructions to his diplomats and their reports from various European capitals of
their progress and observations. When examining this intensive diplomatic period from the point of
view of the Ottomans, it becomes clear that in fact Mahmud was not a Sultan who merely sat back
smoking his water pipe and watched incidents unfold in his Empire’s lands; On the contrary, he had
his own diplomatic plan, courage, motivation, resourcefulness and some capable diplomats who did
their utmost to faithfully implement their sovereign’s diplomatic orders. Therefore, the highest priority
of this paper is to reveal some aspects this stupendous and dramatic diplomatic struggle made by the
Ottomans in this period. Bearing in mind the above stated points, this paper attempts to contribute the
academic literature on the Orientalism- which has been largely done in the field of cultural history- by
looking at a specific example in the field of diplomatic history.
Keywords: Diplomacy, Mahmud II, Mehmet Ali Problem, Ottoman Diplomamts

Abstract No: 3253
THE VIEWS OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS ABOUT THE EFFICACY OF

EUROPEAN UNION PROJECTS
Mustafa Aydin Basar and Ugur Koyuncu
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, Canakkale, Turkey
The European Union attaches quite importance to education, research and development studies,
science and cultural integration as well as economic and politic union. For the aim of developing
intercultural integration and cooperation, increasing coordinate movements such as environment,
liberty and justice European Union Programs and Projects have been constituted. The main objective
of the European Projects is to fulfill EU’s domestic and foreign policies appropriately. It is aimed to
establish integration in both economic-politic and cultural areas. Required grant is provided by the
European Union General Budget. Full member and candidate member country citizens may produce
Programs and Projects. In Turkey, interests and participation to the European Union Projects are
gaining importance as days pass. In Çanakkale city, the number of projects is reached 19 in 2014
while this number was only 9 previous year. This increase may be considered as an indicator of high
level of accomplished purposes which means the projects are efficient. The purpose of this study is to
propound the views of school principals, who work in Çanakkale city and have participated in
Erasmus +, about the efficacy of Erasmus+ projects. The efficacy levels of a) intercultural integration,
b) organisational development, c) professional development and d) personal development are the sub-
problems of the study. The sample of the study, which has been figured as a qualitative research based
on interview method, comprised 10 school principals and 10 assistant principals who visited and
hosted a project partner country at least one time through Erasmus+. The preliminary findings of the
ongoing research indicate that the Erasmus+ Projects are quite efficient. School principals have
positive opinions about the efficacy and maintainability of the four dimensions dealt in sub-problems.
Keywords: European Projects, school principals, efficacy.

Abstract No: 3254
TRADITIONAL FELT MASTER MUSTAFA YÜNEL IN ÖDEMİŞ, BADEMLİ
H. Nurgul Begic
Bahçelievler mh 73 sk 13/5 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
Traditional handicrafts are the activities which are arisen from human needs and continued based on
these needs. In this context, Felt Art is also one of the archaic arts which were arisen from needs and
continued its existence thanks to its functionality. When its usage areas throughout history are
observed, it has supplied vital needs in various areas; from tents to rugs, from swaddling clothes to
boots, from hats to garments. It is the most primitive textile material without warp and weft and it is
formed by pressuring the wool in a warm and humid environment with the help of the water and soap.
In the Turkish history which is ranging from Central Asia to Anatolia, traditional Felt Art has been
kept alive with them. Geographical conditions in Central Asia forced Turks to live a nomadic life.
Husbandry was the most important factor for them to live on. With a life style like this, they supplied
their vital needs like housing, nourishment and clothing by animals. Their tents, rugs and nappes, their
hats which protect them from rain and many clothes they wear were manufactured from felt. Felt
maintained its function in various areas of life. Besides, they garnished the felt products and gave them
an aesthetical and artistic value. They brought this culture with their migration to Anatolia from the
Central Asia and they also used it in their new lands and life styles. Especially in Ahi Community
whose effects had continued for seven ages during Anatolian Seljuk Empire, Anatolian Beyliks and
Ottoman Empire periods, rules of this art formed and it took its place as a traditional handicraft.
Master-apprentice relationships in workshops also played an important part to pass down this art.
However with the mass production which is a result of Industrial Revolution, with the rapid
transportation, development of technology, expansion of alternative textiles to the world market,
globalisation of the economy and the changing life style, day by day felt products gave its way to the
alternative products. As a result of these developments, masters quited their jobs and the workshops
were closed one by one. Those which are not closed keeps working under difficult conditions. In this
context, in Bademli Town which is a part of Ödemiş district of province of İzmir, the only felt
workshop belongs to 1922 born Mustafa Yünel who tries to maintain this art. The master who had
learned Felt art by traditional methods; from father to son and he still continues to produce
Felt art by adapting it to the modern-day and contributes cultural wealth to be introduced.
Keywords: traditional, master, wool, felt, Ödemiş, Bademli

Abstract No: 3258
SIVAS GÖLOVA VE ULAŞ YÖRESI ÇORAP MOTIFLERI VE GÜNÜMÜZDEKI

ÖRNEKLERİ
Hulya Kaynar, Nuran Kayabasi ve Sule Civitci
Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Sivas, Turkey
Yüzyıllardır Anadolu’da yaşayan Türk toplumların da, kendi kullanım eşyalarını kendileri üretme
yoluna gidilmiş ve çok değerli el sanatları ürünleri bu gereklilikten ortaya çıkmıştır. Metal, toprak,
hayvan yünleri, kemikleri, bitkiler gibi doğada bulunan bütün materyalleri kullanarak, barınma, giyim,
yeme içme, korunma gibi temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan ürünler üretmişlerdir. Bu ürünleri desen ve
motiflerle süsleyerek sözsüz iletişim aracı olarak kullanmışlardır. Bu el sanatlarından hammadde
olarak hayvansal lif kullanılarak yapılan giyim ürünlerinden biri de çoraptır. Sivas bulunduğu konum
itibarıyla yüksek rakımda yer almaktadır. Kışın çok soğuk, yazında serin iklime sahip olduğu için el
örgüsü çorap, kırsal kesimde halen kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma da, Sivas Gölova ve Ulaş yörelerine
ait geleneksel giysilerin bir parçası olan çoraplar incelenmiş ve çoraplara adını veren, kullanım yerini
ve biçimini belirleyen çorap motiflerin anlamları günümüzde ki örnekleri üzerinde açıklanmaya
çalışılmıştır.
Keywords: Gölova, Ulaş, Çorap, Motif

Abstract No: 3261
AN AUTHENTIC EXAMPLE IN BETWEEN MODERN MUSEUM AND FOLK ARTS

MUSEOLOGY: BAKSI MUSEUM
Zuhal Arda
Selcuk University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
Cultural heritage is the common heritage of humanity, witnesses of the past. The factors in shaping the
future of this direction and at the same time, shaper. Folk culture products for people catching on in
public culture reveals the structure and texture of the unity remedial social life, takes on a solidarity-
enhancing functions, people's own culture of alienation. At the same time, new generations of future a
guiding function. The people in great danger in the face of globalization, culture is of great importance
to be transferred to the younger generation. Gradually turns into a big village in the world countries,
will have a place of my own culture. They are therefore to be held in the Assembly and research
policies, the development of the programs reviewed, refreshed again and structuring needs. In this
context, to establish a link between the past and future and past young generations before, but
researchers ' studies and legislation concerning museums, can be provided. Bayburt Province people of
the academic painter, Hüsamettin Koçan and founded with dedication, the Museum of Baksı unlike
other museum combines the same contemporary floor traditional as a museum within the established
production units, forming a special economic target as a museum with worth. Many of Turkey's
famous painting and sculpture in the Museum of Baksı and ceramic artist whose works are produced
in the village at the same time, traditional weaving and pottery were produced episodes if they were
being studied traditional arts alive.
Keywords: folk culture, Folklore Museum of contemporary and traditional, Museum of Baksı
Abstract No: 3264
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION STUDENTS’

IMPRESSIONS TOWARD THE CLIMATE OF PRACTICE SCHOOLS AND THEIR
UTILIZATION LEVELS FROM ON-SITE SCHOOL TRAINING
Mustafa Aydin Basar
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, Canakkale, Turkey
In Turkey, in accordance with the reconstructing process in the education faculties, it is included
“School Experience I. II.” and “On-Site School Training” classes in the teacher training programs of
the education faculties since 1998-1999 academic year. In forward years, School experience classes
were removed from some of the programs. It may be said that these classes have important
contributions in terms of getting prepared to teaching by developing Faculty-School cooperation and
gaining more experience in practice because, the teacher candidates observe and practice the
knowledge that they acquired in the faculty in a real education environment. In this process, teacher
candidates may find the opportunity to acquire significant outcomes from the instructors and school
teachers who are responsible for the practice classes, school management and school environment. It
has been considered that those who have positive impressions toward the practice school will be more
avid to develop their teaching skills. Along the same line, it is expected that the school managers and
teachers will be more supportive to the teacher candidates in a school which has a positive climate.
The aim of the study is to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the faculty of
education students’ impressions toward the climate of practice schools and their utilization levels from
On-Site School training or not. The research has been conducted to relational screening model and a
survey oriented to the students attending to the On-Site School Training classes was developed. The
survey paper was finalized after referring expert opinions. In the analysis process of the collected data
frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, f-test and t-test were used. The findings show that
according to the students attending to the On-Site School Training classes the school climate is low in
terms of relationships, education quality, parent support etc. the Students’ utilization level from On-
Site School Training is mid-low. It has been determined a significant difference in accordance with
gender variance. There is a significant correlation between the faculty of education students’
impressions toward the climate of practice schools and their utilization levels from On-Site School
Training.
Keywords: On-Site School Training, school climate, teacher candidate
Abstract No: 3265
AN ASSESMENT ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CENTRAL BANKS AND THE

INDEPENDENCE OF TURKISH CENTRAL BANK
Oktay Akturk and Ertugrul Guresci
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kırşehir, Turkey
Central banks are the most efficient institutions for maintaining and sustaining of their countries’
economic stability. Through their policy instruments, central banks have many functions such as price
stability, maintaining the value of national currency, injecting money into economy, maintaining of
stability and development of financial markets etc. Shortly, monetary policy has a key role for
economic process. For performing this function successfully, the idea that central banks should avoid
from political effect and orientation, has lead to an important debate on independency of central banks.
It is important that central banks have legal independence besides their actual sense of the
independence. Central Banks’ independence has been provided with law No. 4651 in Turkey.
However it is still a matter of discussion at what level is the independence provided in terms of law.
This study examines the importance of central banks and the independence and autonomy of the
Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) as to what cases compared to other major central
banks. In this study author identifies that the legal independence of CBRT has significant gains in the
context of the struggle against inflation and economic stability. On the other hand, it was observed that
despite of its legal independence, CBRT has not yet reached a de facto independence at the level of the
central banks of developed countries. In this study, the analysis has been done by utilizing several
researches about the central banking and the statics of CBRT and Turkish Statistical Institute.
Keywords: Central Bank, Independence, Economic Stability, Inflation, CBRT

Abstract No: 3267
ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL SPATIAL CONNECTIONS OF THE

TRADITIONAL COUNTY FAIRS IN TURKEY
Vedat Caliskan, Faize Saris, M. Zeynel Ozturk and Berrin Gultay
Department of Geography, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
In Turkey, the number of traditional fairs is gradually decreasing depending on social, economic, and
technological developments. The traditional fairs are set up in the form of commodity (merchandise)
and/or animal fairs in specific settlements at specific date intervals once or twice a year. According to
the research we have conducted, examples of traditional fairs still exist in a total of 63 settlements in
54 districts located within the boundaries of 21 provinces in Turkey. The area with which a fair
interacts is not solely limited to the settlement in which the fair is set up. Numerous tradesmen who
deal with mobile trade also participate in the county fairs, along with the visitors on regional and
national scales. Fairs have a significant place in the regional, and even national, commercial system
due to the presence of a large number of mobile fair tradesmen of various geographical origins. The
products and services subject to trade at fairs are sometimes directly offered for sale by producers,
whereas they are sometimes supplied from various wholesale centers. In this process, the availability
of wholesale centers with different distributional characteristics in Turkey according to the product
branches is striking. The study presented here constitutes the section on “determination of the
geographical relationships of the economic and commercial activities taking place at fairs” in our
research, which addresses the traditional fairs in Turkey on the national scale. Some 13 traditional fairs
distributed in 4 distinct geographical regions of Turkey were specified as samples within the scope of
the research. It was aimed to apply 50 questionnaires to the product and service sellers at each sample
fair and the questionnaires were applied to a total of 611 fair tradesmen. The data obtained from the
questionnaires show that some wholesale centers from which the flow of products and goods to the
fairs is provided according to the product branches stand out. In addition, producers and their
distributional characteristics according to the product branches also reveal the spatial relationships of
the trade of products and goods at the fairs.
Keywords: county fairs, periodic rural markets, retail and wholesale trade, mobile tradesman
Abstract No: 3268
UNDER DISCIPLINARY REGULATIONS, THE DISTRIBUTION OF

DISCIPLINARY ACTION OF ACCOUNTING PROFESSION MEMBERS AND
RANKING BY CITIES: CASE OF TURKEY (2008-2014)
Alper Tunga Alkan
Department of Administrative Sciences, Selcuk University, Akşehir, Konya, Turkey
Most of the studies on professional accountants in literature focus on issues such as professional ethics
and principles, perception of the accounting profession; but penalties faced by the profession mostly
have been overlooked. In this study, under the 24116 numbered Independent Accountants, Certified
Public Accountant and Chartered Accountant Law Disciplinary Regulations; 2595 files were subject to
disciplinary penalties dealt with between the years October 2008 - December 2014 are examined for
the consequences and types. In this context, the said disciplinary sanctions Turkey cities are listed in
some provinces in percentage terms. The purpose of the study, for compliance with the rules of the
profession is analyzed of the members of the accounting profession’s performance they put in the
work environment that require extra layout and order. Study results that are prepared by benefitting
from Turkey Union of Chambers’s data are demonstrated statistically.
Keywords: Accounting profession, disciplinary penalties, types of disciplinary penalties

Abstract No: 3269
ADAPTATION OF MULTIFACTOR LEADERSHIP QUESTIONNAIRE (MLQ)

INTO TURKISH
Ali Aksu
Dokuz Eylul University, Buca Faculty of Education, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
The questionnaire developed by Avolio and Bass are primarily translated into Turkish. The translation
was performed and proofread by five professors at the department of Turkish language. Both English
and Turkish versions of the questionnaire are then answered by instructors working at School of
Foreign Languages. The data analysis results revealed that the relationship between the points
obtained from English and Turkish data was found to be r=0,99. In this case, it was concluded that the
questionnaire possesses the language validity. Measuring tool was distributed to teachers and
confirmatory factor analysis was performed with data obtained. These were the results of the
confirmatory factor analysis: x²=1375.61 sd=544 x²/sd 2.52 RMSEA= .06 NFI=.87 CFI.91 GFI=.85. It
was concluded that measurement tool adapted to Turkish can be used in research performed in Turkey.
Keywords: leadership, multifactor leadership

Abstract No: 3271
THE MEDIA LITERACY LEVELS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

ACCORDING TO THE PARENTS VIEW
Erhan Gormez
Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
The aim of this study is, to demonstrate the secondary school students who attending Media Literacy
course and not attend this course what extent to reveal their media literate level in their home
environment accordance with the students' parents opinion. In this qualitative study, interview method
was used to gather required data. The interviews were conducted the students' parents with 10
secondary school students of grade 8 attending media literacy courses, and 10 students who do not, by
using semi-structured interview forms developed by the researcher. The questions used in semi-
structured interview forms were prepared considering the outcomes of Media Literacy program related
to units in Media Literacy Lesson Teacher Guide Book such as What is Communication?, Mass
Communication, Media, Television, Newspaper and the Internet. The data gathered through the
students' parents interviews were analyzed by applying content analysis method. An overall evaluation
of research results: It appears from the statements of the students' parents that both groups of students
take most time off to the television and then the tools such as computer and mobile phones while they
at home, the students who attending media literacy course give a bit more importance to the printed
tools such as newspaper, books and magazines, also these students (attending media literacy course)
have a less communication problems with the people who lived in external of the school environment
and both groups of students have not got enough facility and consciousness using the internet.
Keywords: Parents View, House Ambient, Media Literacy, Secondary School Students
Abstract No: 3272
PRIMARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS WHO WORK AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS

OPINIONS ABOUT SCHOOL VIOLENCE AND METHODS COPING WITH
VIOLENCE
Zihni Merey, Sema Tomakin and Kadir Karatekin
Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Education, Social Studies Education Department, Van, Turkey
This study aims to investigate the opinions of primary school administrators on school violence, types
of violence behavior among students. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 academic year on
primary school administrators who work at 63 primary schools in Van city center. In this study
quantitative data was collected through the scale “the types of behavior encountered among pupils in
schools”. In the analysis of the quantitative data, percentage, arithmetic means and standard deviation
were computed, and for the sub-aims of the study; MannWhitney-U and Kruskal Wallis-H test were
computed. In the analysis of the open-ended questions frequency analysis and descriptive analysis
technique were used. According to the findings of study, primary school administrators were noted
that verbal type of violence was the highest among students. A significant difference was found in
verbal violence in terms of the gender of administrators and in physical, oral and institutional violence,
a difference was found in favour of graduate institutions..
Keywords: violence, violence in school, school administrator

Abstract No: 3273
MODEL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE UNITED STATES

RECONSIDERED DURING THE SYRIAN CONFLICT
Devrim Umit
Department of International Relations, Karabuk University, Karabuk,Turkey
This paper will analyze the “model partnership” between Turkey and the United States through both
countries’ internal dynamics and relations with the countries in the Middle East, particularly those
neighbors to Turkey, as the two countries have been fighting against violence and extremism while
seeking peace and stability in the region. Syrian conflict stands as a turning point in the bilateral
relations when Turkey has recently stepped in the air coalition to combat the ISIL, the Islamic State in
Iraq and the Levant, though at a belated stage, which might harbor opportunities as well as challenges
for both Turkey and the United States in terms of fighting against extremism and the possible turning
of the ISIL free zone into a no-fly zone all which might better the bilateral relations and launch new
venues for a more cooperative period. Therefore, this paper will look into the possibility of the “model
partnership” during the Syrian conflict.
Keywords: Turkey, United States, Syrian Conflict, Model Partnership

Abstract No: 3276
A RELATIONSHIP LEVELS BETWEEN LEARNING ORGANIZATION AND

UNIVERSITY CULTURE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Mehmet Ulutaş, Hasan Arslan, Özgür Batur and Bertan Akyol
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, Çanakkale, Turkey/
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship levels between learning organization and
university culture in higher education. This quantitative study has been carried through “scanning
method”. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21. Correlation and regression techniques were used to find
relationships. Research was conducted with 994 faculty who work in Turkey. The data of the study
were collected with "Learning Organization Questionnaire" and "Organizational Culture Scale".
Results and recommendations have been put forward regarding to the findings of the study.
Keywords: Learning Organization, University Culture, Higher Education.

VIII. European Conference On Social and Behavioral Sciences

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VIII. European Conference On Social and Behavioral Sciences

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VIII.

EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3004

A STUDY ON AMENDMENTS TO LAWS NO. 6545 AND 6552 AND LAWS

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3005

Race and Black America: An Enduring Heritage?

Keywords: Race, Racism, Gloracialized, Essentialist, Blackness

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3009

POTENTIAL HONOUR KILLING ASYLUM APPLICATIONS OF TURKISH

Head of International Public Law Department

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3011

Effects of Climate change on behaviour of snail harvesting Gypsy farmers

Keywords: Rural, Gypsy, Extension Programmes, Climate Change

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3016

Shumen University, Bulgaria

Keywords: Discipline, behavior, teaching music, routines, art of music

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3020

The religious pluralism and dialogue discussions

Emine Yavasgel, Ece Karadogan Doruk

Keywords: Religious pluralism, Dialogue, Global ethics, World peace

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3021

Foundations and Associations for the Development of Environmental Understanding of

Faculty of Arts History Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Foundations (Waqfs), Environment, Watercourses

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3025

A study to Determine of the Problems Encountered by Caregivers

Nuray Gökçek Karaca, Erol Karaca

Department of Social Work, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey

Keywords: Care, Care Service, Caregivers, and Professional Problems of Caregivers

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3026

Analyzing of Migration Expectations of Female Migrants in Terms of Some Variables

Erol Karaca, Nuray Gökçek Karaca

Department of Social Work, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey

Keywords: Migrate, Women Migrant, Migration and Migration Expectation

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3028

Faculty of Lecture, University of Seljuk

Keywords: Mahmud II, reforms, janissaries, Bektashis, foundations

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3030

RESEARCH ON THE WORK AMBIANCE SATISFACTION OF HEALTH

Erdoğan Gavcar, Gamze Gül Çalıkoğlu

Fethiye Fakulty of Business Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye/Muğla

Keywords: Health, Muğla, Questionnaire, Satisfaction

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3033

Humanitarian Intervention: Lessons from Libya

Pamukkale University, IIBF, Denizli, Turkey

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract No: 3034

The memory is the message. McLuhan: symbolism as parataxis

Department of Department of philosophical science, educational science, economics and statistics,

Keywords: Communication, Symbolism, Media and Literature, Memory

September 3-6, 2015 – Belgrade, Serbia