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>>>>>
MARCO KARTODIKROMO
AND STUDENT HIDJO

Abiyyu Rifqi
Tirza Kanya
Gabriella Ery
Yemima Wahyudi
Adrian Wijaya
>>>>> Drietama Bagus
Elisabeth Kivana
>>>>>
/MARCO KARTODIKROMO/
<<<<!>>>>
<<Biography AND Background>>

Mas Marco Kartodikromo (1890-1932) was born in the middle of a noble

family. His career as a journalist started when he assign for Medan Prijaji
in 1911. He become Tirto Adisoerjo (Medan Prijaji’s chief) at that time.

As a journalist, Mas Marco had been subject to press charges several

times for his writings. As he was released from prison in 1916, he went
to the Netherlands and finally issued his one of best works “Student
Hidjo” as a result for his admiration toward the freedom of expression in
the country.
<<Biography AND Background>>
One year after his return, he was imprisoned again and when he was
released, he joined Semaoen in Sarikat Islam Semarang as a comissioner
and harian Sinar Djawa when he criticized gemeenteraad.

Mas Marco Kartodikromo had been a subject for more press charges when
writing “Syair Sentot” and “Pemimpin”. He went back to Salatiga where
PKI and SI Merah started to reach its pinnacle.
He then served as a PKI member and a chairman for Sarikat Rakyat. After
the uprising in 1926, he was one of the victims who was exiled in Digul
and died there due to Malaria.
/MAS MARCO’S WORKS/
<<<<!>>>>
</Mas Marco’s WORKS/>

Mata Gelap 1914 NOVEL IN THREE VOLUMES

Sair-Sair Rempah 1918 POETRY ANTHOLOGY
Student Hidjo 1914 NOVEL
Rasa Merdika 1924 NOVEL
Cermin Buah Keroyalan 1924 NOVEL
Kromo Bergerak 1924 STAGE PLAY
 </Mas Marco’s VOICES/>
Student Hidjo by Marco contains nationalism value. Through this novel, Mas
Marco wants to give the voice of the construction of nationalism shown in
Student Hidjo Novel which looks expressive and radical. Through the
characters in Student Hijo, like R. Potronojo (Hidjo's parents), Hidjo,
Tumenggung Jarak, Wardoyo, and several people involved within the
ideological Sarikat Islam organization, nationalism is represented. They
described as an indigenous figure have attitudes, thoughts, and views
refuse and try to fight hegemony the Dutch colonial government.
 </Mas Marco’s IDEOLOGY/>
ANTI-COLONIALISM ANTI-FEUDALISM ANTI-CAPITALISM

The key to understanding, idealism, writing, and Marco's work lies in his life's
relationship with movement and sacrifice. In the world of movement there are two
political organizations that influence Sarekat Islam (SI) and the Indonesian
Communist Party (PKI). Marco was an important figure in the early days of SI
Surakarta.
He was involved in national elections in a journal he published in Surakarta in
1914-1915. After leaving Surakarta in 1915, Marco’s life was spent from prison to
prison. In 1918 Marco got out of prison in the Netherlands. He joined Semaoen in
Semarang and became commissioner of SI Semarang and the editor of Sinar Hindia.
 </Mas Marco’s IDEOLOGY/>
ANTI-COLONIALISM From Other WORKS

Kartodikromo published another novel, Matahariah, in 1919. It was based on the

life of the Dutch spy Mata Hari. On 15 December 1919, Kartodikromo left Sinar
Hindia and took a position as head of Soero Tamtomo, published by the Forestry
Union Staff Union Wono Tamtomo. He was imprisoned for six months for one of his
writings, Sjairnja Sentot (Sentot's Poem), with the paper. In 1921 Kartodikromo
moved to Salatiga and became involved with the press there. He was sentenced to
two years in a Batavian prison for another of his writings.
In 1924, Kartodikromo published Rasa Merdika (A Sense of Independence), which
dealt with a young man who goes against his priyayi father, a tool of the Dutch
colonial government, and tries to find personal independence.
/STUDENT HIDJO/
<<<<!>>>>
</INTRINSIC elements/>
THEME
Mas Marco's novel "Student Hidjo" was published outside Balai Pustaka on the
bourgeois-colonialist theme that resulted in social inequality, especially from a
socialist perspective.
SETTING
Netherland and Dutch Indies (Indonesia)
STYLE OF LANGUAGE
The novel "Student Hidjo" uses the Melayu Pasar style, because this novel was published
in the 20th century, at which time the development of reading production was born by
the native people using the language style "Melayu pasar".
MORAL VALUE
If you study seriously, don't be easily tempted by the environment. Kindness of people
must be repaid with kindness too.
</INTRINSIC elements/>
CHARACTERS

HIDJO Young man aged 18 years with a good attitude, a reading freak, easy to
get along and sometimes even easily influenced. He is the son of a rich
merchant named Raden Protonojo and Raden Nganten.

RADEN Father of Hidjo, he is a father figure who is very concerned

POTRONOJO about Hidjo's future, is kind, compassionate, and wise.

RADEN Mrs. Hidjo, a person who is very afraid of the influence of the
NGANTEN free western culture, loves Hidjo so much
</INTRINSIC elements/>
CHARACTERS

BETJE Dutch girl who really loves Hidjo, likes to flirt, tends to be sociable,
ambitious, and does what she likes.

Beautiful girl who is the younger brother of Hidjo's classmate, R.M.

R.A.
Wardojo. Woengoe was gentle, polite, graceful, sociable and
WOENGOE well-mannered.

R.A. Beautiful 13 year old girl, good character, obedient to parents,

BIROE gentle and polite, even so she is not a rigid girl. He is Hidjo's
cousin who was arranged since childhood.
</Voices AND Ideology/>
Mas Marco also depict his anti-colonialism and nationalism idea in Student
Hidjo. This can be observed through Hidjo’s attitude and manner throughout
the story. Mas Marco argues that Indies (Indonesia) people are more dignified
than the Dutch.

Mas Marco also shows the way of thinking of Javanese society at that time.
The society regards that men should respect women from any nation whether
it is Dutch women or Javanese women.

Through Student Hidjo, Mas Marco also delivers his voice that class
differences is not apparent in a love relationship.
</Voices AND Ideology/>
In Student Hidjo, Marco presents a flourishing romance
and a clash between contrasting Javanese and Dutch
cultural values.

Dutch tend to be more care-free than the Javanese in

terms of having ‘fun’, such as in showing PDA, flirting,
and having premarital sex. RA Biru gave a warning to
Hidjo when he insisted they are having a conversation in
the dark; Betje invited Hidjo to a sensual show and
insisted that they spend the night together. This novel
depicts the existing gap between these cultures that is
impossible to be adjoined.
 </Voices AND Ideology/>
Maier (1996) says that "Javanese do not feel at ease in Holland, [and] Dutch do not feel
at ease in Java." This is true in how Hidjo felt uncomfortable with his life in Holland as
Betje kept charming him, distracting him from his study and steering him to go astray.

This novel also shows the difference of the attitudes of Dutch and Javanese towards
love and marriage. Walter’s love for Wungu and Betje’s love for Hidjo showed that the
Dutch are able to find and pursue love without thinking too much about social-financial
aspects. Both Walter and Betje were people of high status, however, both of them fell
for a Javanese that was seen as ‘inferior’ and ‘ignorant’ by other Dutch people.
However, there seems to be no future for Betje and Hidjo’s relationship as there is a gap
between their cultural and social values and Hidjo has a fiance waiting for him back in
Java.
</Voices AND Ideology/>
Love and an ideal marriage depicted by Javanese, however, are closely related
with social-financial aspects. Social status is predominant behind the prior
engagement of Hidjo and Biru. This aspect is also prominent in the engagement
of Hidjo and Wungu and also Wardoyo and Biru later in the novel. Furthermore,
the author highlights the theme of social mobility by featuring the great ‘bride
prices’ that are willingly paid by Hidjo’s family so that a greater social position
will be granted to his family.