NAME: DOMINGSIL, VLADIMIR A.

SECTION: BSMT 9

WEEK 7: GLOBAL DIVIDES

is about the various elements that influence the development or improvement of various
locations all around the world. Before World War 1, there was division. Nowadays, distance is
not a concern. Global North: wealthy, industrialized nations; Global South: underdeveloped,
underdeveloped nations. The phrase "global divide" refers to differences in the standard of life
between developed and developing countries.

CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL DRIVE

How can we consider if the country is under Global North or Global South?
To be exact, it is based on the degree of progress or improvement that the nation attained. This is
known as GDP per capita (Gross Domestic Product per Capita).

AVERAGE INCOME PER PERSON

It is useful to compare different stages of development since rising national productivity leads to
rising GDP. Using the GDP per capita strategy meant following the wealthy industrialized
nations in terms of development.

TWO DIVISIONS OF GLOBAL DEVICE

UNION NORTH
wealthy and industrialized nations
WORLD SOUTH
Low-income and developing nations
UNION NORTH
These nations where they traveled
current technological improvements and
Every service is available.
INCOME INEQUALITY
a gauge of how economically wealth is spread across the populace. Economic growth is
beneficial for reducing poverty, but only if inequality remains stable. Income inequality is
significant because it provides information about societal circumstances. Income inequality is a
barrier to development as well.

TOP 10 COUNTRIES THAT HAVE THE BEST WORK-LIFE BALANCE (2019)

1. Netherlands
2. Italy
3. Denmark
4. Spain
5. France
6. Lithuania
7. Norway
8. Belgium
9. Germany
10.Sweden

TOP 10 WORLD’S POOREST COUNTRY

1. DR Congo
2. Mozambique
3. Uganda
4. Tajikistan
5. Yemen
6. Haiti
7. Ethiopia
8. Tanzania
9. Kyrgyzstan
10. Uzbekistan
POVERTY
is characterized as having a very low income.
Types of Poverty
ABSOLUTE POVERTY Income below the bare minimum needed to maintain one's physical
health.
MODERATE POVERTY is defined as having an income of $1 per day or $2 per day, which is
below the point at which survival is genuinely not in danger but at which just the most basic
necessities are supplied.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

According to the United Nations Development Programmed, the Philippines ranks 116th in
2015, two places lower than its 2014 position of 114th among the 188 countries included. One
indicator of development is called HDI and looks at the three INDICATORS: INCOME - is
about GDP per capita of one country) Education - knowledge and literacy of every individual
Expectancy - measurement of age Life expectancy is 68.3 years, education is 11.7 years long,
and the annual income is 8,395 US dollars.

Competing Perspectives on Global Divide

Modernization Theory
According to this hypothesis, cultures transition from traditional to contemporary through stages
of growth. Traditionalism as Modernization Poor countries must imitate developed nations in
order to grow. These nations will "take off" toward wealth and a contemporary, high
consumption consumer economy once the fundamental building blocks of modernity are in
place.
Dependency Theory
It is a critique of modernization theory and contends that imperialism and the dependence of the
poor on the affluent are the primary causes of poverty and underdevelopment. Dependency
experts claim that industrial capitalism leads to exploitation. The local economies are skewed
because they primarily cater to the requirements of developed nations while ignoring those of the
local populace. They held the view that modernization theory is ethnocentric and that poor
societies are not born but produced. Dependency researchers promote protectionist economic
measures, one of which is industrialization through import substitutes.
Neo-liberal Theory
This theory's intellectual underpinnings derive from neo-classical economics, which blends pro-
free market arguments with a scientifically oriented school of economics. They imply that the
state has a little role in overseeing the economy. This idea served as the foundation for
"Reaganomics" in the US and Margaret Thatcher's economic policies in the UK. The command
economies, fatalistic attitudes, institutions, and technologies, paternalistic governments that
reward cronyism, corruption, and bloated bureaucracy, and these economists' mainstream school
are to blame. The Washington Consensus refers to the policies promoted by the IMF and
endorsed by neoliberalism.
World System Theory
Immanuel Wallerstein's global system theory upholds the dependency theorists' claim that
external intervention is the root of underdevelopment and poverty. He claims that the United
Kingdom, the United States, and many main centers of power make up the present world system.
Semi-peripheral nations act as intermediaries for the peripheral core nations, who are the
world's poorest nations. They disagree that multinational corporations, international financial
institutions, global media, technology, and trade are among the major players in the modern
world, but they did think that the core nations had permitted these nations to enter the semi-
periphery in order to facilitate capitalist expansion into new peripheral markets.

GLOBALIZATION AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH

The new globalizing framework, according to Filipino political analyst Walden Bello, does not
eliminate the conventional geopolitics of power between wealthy and poor states. Clearly, the
United States, Japan, and the European Union continue to dominate globalization as a process.
Three nations (China, Brazil, and India), according to the World Bank, are now among the top 10
economies in the world. China and the other BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and
South Africa—want to renegotiate agreements on global trade and economic integration.
WEEK 8: ASIAN REGIONALISM

ASIA
Has the most people among at two-thirds or more of the world's inhabitants.
REGIONALIZATION
The development of societal integration in a and to the frequently undirected social and
economic dynamics interaction.
REGIONALISM
Makes reference to a localized concentration of economic movements Regionalism in Asia A
novel idea among continental communities.
Group of East Asia economies
Stands for the notion of an exclusive East Regionalism in Asia.
ASEAN +3
consists of South Korea, China, and Japan.
Free trade in North America
AGREEMENT
An agreement on free trade between Canada and the United States.
BANK FOR ASIAN DEVELOPMENT
A stronger emphasis on Asia and the Pacific as a response to global economic integration
ASEAN DECLARATION
More than 1.4 billion people call China home, and the country is fast emerging as one of the
world's economic superpowers. Japan was able to modify its policies in response to Western
demands after World War II. Singapore has transformed into a city-state and is now one of the
emerging hubs for many cultures. In particular, Ancient Greece (EUROPE) is where the word
Asia first appeared. The ASEAN 5 countries are Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam,
and Thailand. China, the US, and other countries were the top exporters of commodities in 2016.
The world is currently focused on Asia since the European Union has reached its mature level of
regionalism.
Due to the economic and political development that has begun, the majority of nations desire to
cooperate with East Asian nations and the ASEAN. In order to retain and improve its supply of
raw materials, human talent, and military might, the US began to look after its friends in Asia.
To grow its business in medical science and research, Europe-Asia Relations. Globalization
knows no boundaries. It takes place everywhere. Regionalization happens only in a specific
region. The North American Free Trade Agreement, sometimes known as NAFTA, was
established to assist lower trading costs, boost corporate investment, and make North America
more competitive. The European Union was founded to guarantee the free flow of capital,
products, services, and people across its single market.
Market-driven policies, formal institutions, economic aid and assistance for international
development, the expansion of production networks, cooperation between ASEAN and East
Asian nations, and the use of consensus rules by ASEAN rather than rule-based processes by the
EU are some of the factors that contributed to Asian integration. Japan contributes significantly
to the Asian Development Bank. Asian countries collaborate through grants, loans, and
information exchange on issues like terrorism and regional security. Asian nations react to
globalization in a specialized manner.

ASIAN REGIONALISM
unlike the EU model of a single market in goods and services, the area lacks structures and
bureaucratic agencies to serve it.

GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION

similar since they both relate to integration. Their scope is where they diverge. Regionalization is
focused on a particular area of the world, whereas globalization is global.
WEEK 9: GLOBALIZATION AND MEDIA

GLOBALIZATION
involves the spread of different civilizations. Hollywood produces movies that are screened not
just in the US but also in other places throughout the world. Numerous listeners and admirers of
Psy and his song "Gangnam Style," which is about an affluent Seoul suburb, including millions
of people who have never been to Gangnam or who may never travel there. Globalization also
entails the dissemination of ideas, some of which may not even be aware of what Gangnam is. A
good example is the increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ rights worldwide. Similar to the
conservative Christian church that opposes these rights, globalization and media are intimately
connected, and this link has to be explored to better comprehend the contemporary world.

MEDIA AND ITS FUNCTIONS

A route of communication or another way of delivering information is referred to as a media
(plural of medium) (Lule, n.d.). the mass communication technology. Radio, film, and television
are examples of broadcast media. Print media include books, periodicals, and newspapers.
Digital media includes mobile mass communication as well as the internet (e-mail, websites,
social media, and internet-based video and audio). The message is the medium (McLuhan, n.d.)

CHALLENGES OF A GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURE

Cultures tended to get homogenized by global media. People from all around the world would
start to watch, listen to, and read the same things as global media spread. Commentators
predicted that a type of cultural imperialism would emerge as a result of the globalization of
media and American dominance. Not only is the globe growing more like America, but
"American" economic ideals like consumerism have also expanded as a result of this trend.
Because it encourages "homogenized, Westernized, consumer culture," "cultural globalization"
is essentially a cover for "Western cultural imperialism."

CONCLUSION:
It appeared like global television was fostering a worldwide monoculture. Different media have
different influence on the process of globalization. It now appears increasingly plausible that
social media will divide civilizations and ideas into insular communities of non-interacting
individuals. Societies can never be fully ready for the fast changes in communication networks.
WEEK 10: GLOBALIZATION AND RELIGION

RELIGION/RELIGIOUS PERSON
Preoccupied with the holy, one observes divine commandments, believes that humans and the
transcendent may communicate, and is less concerned with riches and everything that comes
with it.

GLOBALIZATION/ GLOBALIST
Material wealth- Obeys human-made laws- Determines how much human action may result in
the maximum level of material satisfaction- Makes people less concerned about going to heaven
or hell.

RELIGION FOR AND AGAINST GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is seen less as a barrier and more as a chance for religions to increase their
influence around the world. Religion is not a "regressive force" that hinders or slows
globalization; rather, it is a pro-active force that provides communities with a strong new sense
of self. Both globalization and religion look for ways to gain from and exploit one another.

CONCLUSION:
Religion is anathema to modernization, which has something to do with globalization.
Secularization hypothesis is no longer relevant. Since religion cannot be objectively established,
modernization is incompatible with it. Religion appears to be outside looking at globalization as
a problem or possibility.
Calvinism: the idea that God has already chosen who will be saved and who won't. Religious
leaders have exploited their positions of power to influence politics.
WEEK 11: THE GLOBAL CITIES

GLOBAL CITY
In the 1980s, shortly after the concept of globalization, the topic first appeared in social scientific
literature. It plays a key role in understanding current spatial patterns of globalization because it
serves as the main physical and geographical playground for these forces and because its
residents' daily lives are influenced by these flows of people, money, and ideas from around the
world. It also signifies power, sophistication, wealth, and influence. The world is shaped by the
beliefs and ideals of the city. Illustrates both the positive and negative repercussions of
globalization. According to Sassen (1991), global cities are defined by occupational and income
polarization, with the highly paid professional class on the one end and suppliers of low-paid
services on the other. The global metropolis transcends the limits of nation-states. An army of
low-paid workers who provide labor-intensive personal services like cleaning, childcare,
delivery, restaurants and eateries, catering, maintenance, transport, hotels, domestic help, and
retail are brought into the global city by the lifestyle and needs of the wealthy professional
classes. Worldwide cities are described as the global command hubs of the global economy by
Sassen (2005).

COSMOPOLITANISM
It is the phenomena that the global city is most frequently linked to. People, goods, and cultural
items come from all over the world to large, varied cities. Everyday life is significantly
influenced by commercial culture, retail and shopping as well as the cross-cultural variety of
food, fashion, entertainment, and various other consumables and artifacts. The idea of
cosmopolitanism conjures up pleasant images of travel, exploration, and 'worldly' pursuits
enjoyed by those who have benefited from globalization. Resources are expensive to consume,
and networks and groups depend on closeness to one another.

FEATURES OF THE GLOBAL POWER CITY INDEX (GPCI)

1. The GPCI evaluates and ranks a city's worldwide potential and all-encompassing power
by focusing on a wide range of functions as opposed to restricting the ranking to certain
fields of study like "Finance" and "Livability."

2. 44 of the world's most influential cities were chosen, and their global comprehensive
power was assessed based on the following viewpoints: five global actors who lead the
urban activities in their cities (Manager, Researcher, Artist, Visitor, and Resident), and
six main functions that best represent city strength (Economy, Research and
 Development, Cultural Interaction, Livability, Environment, and Accessibility). This
provided a comprehensive view of the cities.

3. Each city's strengths and weaknesses are revealed by the GPCI, along with issues that
must be fixed.

4. This rating was created with the assistance of other scholars in this subject as well as the
late Sir Peter Hall, a world specialist in urban studies. It has been peer reviewed by
independent professionals from the public and commercial sectors who are all from
different parts of the world.

Trends for the Top 3 Cities

1. London, which has been ranked as the top city overall for the past six years, has increased
its advantage over the competition by scoring higher on indicators like GDP Growth
Rate, Level of Political, Economic, and Business Risk in the Economy, Attractiveness of
Dining Options, and Number of Visitors from Outside the Country in Cultural
Interaction.

2. While New York (No. 2) improves its rankings for the economic indicators of nominal
GDP and GDP growth rate, it does not make much progress in the overall ranking after
returning this year's results with lower scores for the cultural interaction indicators of
number of world-class cultural events held and livability indicators of variety of retail
shops.

3. Last year, Tokyo attained the No. 3 spot for the first time, and this year, it closes the gap
on New York (No. 2) in the rankings. This is because Tokyo keeps improving yearly in
the Cultural Interaction indicator of Number of Visitors from Abroad, but the American
city's score has plateaued. The economy of Japan's capital city, however, declines from
No. 1 to No. 4 as a result of lower ratings for "Market Size" and "Market Attractiveness."