SHTponNA B TeOpHH HB peanbHocTH M.H ITEPEHBEPT 06 ourponmn Js. bon Hefiwan ¢ orxponenocTsio, nosnonmTembioi MpHsHanisine KraccnkaM, BbIcKaxaTOR coBepuIEHHO OnpeneneHHo: "Hukmo ne anaem, ¥mo ae maKoe 6 detiemeumesonocmu sumponua” (1). Henoummanne cMicaa 2HTponsin He HoMeMIa0, (OnKaKO, MIKPOKOMY HcTIONESOnaHNO 3TOTO TloMETH B GHOROTMK Ax OMpene:TeMHS Cyn ocr xxuu [2-5], 8 Teopa mchopmanun » sue cOaRaHNS HersHTpOMMNiTOrO NPAT (6] 1» cuweprevuxe kak onHoro 13 OcHORHBIX NORSTu 9ToH TeopHH [7-9]. ANAT nO- MBITOK HeHOMsOBATS FO ALIA PeIlleHI YOMAHYTHIX peambHix MpOGTEM HaYKH HaNHEM C Guonorm. B 1886 r. Boxstiwax oxapaxrepnsosaa cnetuspixy 2x1SHM Kak CHOCOOHOCTS HaKanat- barb OTpullaresbuyto SHTpoMKIO ~ HeroHTponmO, Hues sta noHsTHa. Berth yeTosHeM enum Beenenofi 8 ue0m m KaxOTO OprainwoMa, B YACTHOCTH, C TOYKI 3peNtR TepMo- Ausanunkn suseTER BOIMOHOCTE MpOTeKAHHR B KIX IPOUCeCOD pAOOTH! I TeMLIOOOMERA Kax naBecTHO, Teno MMcer TeHACKIDNO K PacceMBaHHMIO M CaMONPOHSBONSHOMY BOIpaR- usaxinio, B paGounx nponcecax Yacrs pa6orst oOpamtaeres n Tenino. 370 m OGyCnoBAN- ‘aeT nOcrosMMyio jerpayalyuio 2HePrHH, KOTOPAa CTaHOBHTeR HecnOCOOHOH PeaIB0BbI- ‘BaTh KaKHe ObI TO HH ObITO MPOUCECHI, O EM, COBCTHEHHO, H TOBOHT BTOPO! 3aKOH Tep- ‘MonunasnKn, Co cHolicTB¢HMEIM (>ISHKAM CrpeMunesMeM XK MaTeMATHAIBN CBOHEX 3aKOHOD, sia soiapunyra cbysxs ~ arponus (5). A pTopoik saKoH TepmonsTHaNEHKH 8 (PopMY.I- poke OAKOFO 1 ero cosnaTereit Knaysnyea Obia cthopMymHpoBAH CTEAYIOUIM O6PAs0M: ‘SHTPOMMA BAKO HSOAMPOBAKHOH cHCTeMEI CTPEMMTeR K Maxcumymy” [17. C. 80]. Or- ciona cnegyer, Wo » HsomMposaxuol cHCTeMe NemHNHa SxTpONUAH B pesyavrare MpoHc- Xonauiwex n Heit Mpomeccos Pacrer NOCTHTHeT MaKCHMYMa, KOT"Ia BCE PedepBbI NOTERUM- anHof oHeprnn H cOoTBeTeTBEHKO paGoTOCMOCOSHOCTH OyayT Mevepranss. Taxus oGpa- 30M, B TAKOH CHCTEME SHaeHNe SHTPONMM MOXET XApAKTepusOBATD MOTENIMAADHYIO paGorocnocoGmocr» cHcremss Wecaesonapinuit netopiro passiTua sro Hex ILL. Kysieuos mpunomirr peinepaxxit us paGor K.A. Tanupssena, HLA. Yona, . Ayap6axa, 9.C. Bayspa, A.M. Onapuia, 9. Ilpesmirepa m apyrix wspecTHBIx aBTOpoD, B KOTOPEIX 9Ta HAE MPRMUMACTER 1 pase paGarsinaetox (2], Ho secs peanbuocT BXOANT B MpOTHBOpeNHE ¢ STOKK TeopueN. Jas ToMepxaHNa TeMttepaTypHOro FoMcocTasa MHOrHE, OCOGEHHO BSICLIRE, AHBOTEDIC OO- TaxaIOT MEXAHISMANM ;UTH NOBBILEKHA Tesmeparypsr (ConposoxRacMolt CooTBeTCTHEH- Mo pocrom siTpomu) H nommxenuA ee (compopoxnaeMtoit yOBITEIO oTponm). axe Toma, KOTHa MOBBINEHME SHANE HeTSHTPOTAM B NpHAIUKE CBAAETETBCTAYET O ROI- MOxHOCTH NOBEIIIEHNA TOTEHUMAABHO paGOTOCHOCoBHOCTH, 2TO MOXeT MpMBecTH Opra~ MNOM K aeTamIBHOMY HexOny. TaK, HaKOMLAeHMe AMPA MPH MpesbinIeNRN onpeneneHHOro 103‘yamaca ero MOXET NPHBECTH KHBOTHOE K THOEAM KAK BEMENCTEME CHIOKCHUA MONBIAHOS- ‘Tm, TAK M BCaenCTHMe BuyTpeHMelt naTOnOrHM. TlosTOMY OpraHKSMbI OTHMNSHPY:OT 3H- ‘Nelms KaK omepreTHveCKMX PeCypCOB, TAX M KONICHTPANUIH COTEH PABMHYEIX BEILECTH ¢ uuesbI0 coxpaniens romeocrasa, C tex nop kak pasipaxenibili warypebuaocodpexmsen crtexyasmusne HitOTOH BABI nya enn: "Tamores He coMMARIO", YNEHBIE OpOCHIMHC B APYTYIO KpafiwocTs, B acTHoC- ‘TH, OH@ IpOsBIACTEA B CTPEMATEKI MPH NccTeROBAKNE PeHOMEHA ANSHK BTICCHYTH €TO B NpaBDI'ioe ¢>NSUKAANCTEKOE JOE, BOMPEKM S7IEMEHTAPHOMY SPABOMY CMBIEATY, OMPE- [ReAREMOMY ECTECTHCHHEIMH NPUPOAMEIME ABACKANE. JTO, KAK NPABHAO, NeNACTER BMEC- ‘TO TOrO, WTOGHI OTKICKAT CILEMMHKY ANSHH, OTIYALOMYNO LE OF MPYTHX OOKEKTOB. ‘Tax, nanpmsep, xpyroBopOT How 5 MpHpone ormomaer Combate aHepru ComHA, HEM opranuayt (coornercraento 20 1 0.2%). Stor dakr AocTaTOUMO HArAREH, HOO YKASI- BaeT Ma TO, NTO HAKONIENNe HEToHTPOIM He MMMCET MHNETO OOULErO CO cMEUACpHKOR xan (10] x ‘Fro sHTponmiinie xapakrepwcTHKH He BAIOTER HM ONPEENIONIUMI HH enenwpieckmen 18 opramisMon. Eute 8 1901 r, HLA. Yon » coorsercran c wxean Bonbunana w Maxenesna mines Hy wlelo, KOTOpas cBASBIBAET POCT HerSHTPOTUMH c POCTOM YTOPATOEHOCTH, NPHHHMA- eMoli KaK cutoHMM opranursamiy. C TEX HOP OGULePHAHANHO! sMAAeTeR TONKA apeHAs, NTO € POCTOM SHTPOMH YREAHINBAETCH KAOC B CHCTEME. "IHTPOTIA H GECTIOPATOK He ‘TOMLKO NOXOXM, a ECTH ONO H TO xe", — yrBepaaeT P.E. Tlaiiepac [18. C. 12]. 3. llpe- uurep ® cnoelt sHaMcHNTO! paGOTe O cyIIHOCTHE ANSHN NOMLePAUBAET CBRI4 HeTSHTPO- ‘iu c yropsqotenocrsio. OW KAMOCTPHPYeT TO Ha MIpHMepE TIABEHN KPUCTAAAA, B pesymbrare vero "HSamEBIC m YCTORMMBDIE PACHONOACHH ATOMOB Hc MONEKY: B KDIC- ‘TaRMMeCKOi PeMeTKe MpespamaioTcs p uenpepsIBHO menmoMecs enyvaiNble pacnpe- nesenus, T.2. 5 xunxocts” (19, C. 75]. Onwako mnoxecT8o pHMepos mpoTuBopesurr ovm« yraepanemiam. Bor omit 19 nix. BosnMent eMech sna H Boab H HsonHpyeM ec. Ec- {3M BONA XOTORHAR H Ten ROCTATONHIO OXAALEH, TO 9TA Check, HeCMOTPA tla POCT TPO- Iu » 9To#t cxcreme, npespatires p ynopsxovemm AenOBBI KPHCTANA. ITT MpuMep oGnanaeT jocTaTosoit OBMHOCTHIO, GO OM MOXET GIT PeaAHIODAM Ha BEX CMeCAX TH- na TRepaan — xuKAR chaaa. YuOpaIOUeHIE MOXET MPONCKOAHT OAHOBPEMEIHO c POc- ‘TOM SHTPONMW MB APYTHX CAYNAAK, KAK B MBOANPOBARHO', TAK HB OTKDEITOM cHCTEME. 3r0 OTHOCHTER, B HACTHOCTH, K PEAKIULAM NOANMEPIGANH, KOM, HAMpHMEP, Ht AMAKIK OMMOHeHTOB STOKCHAHOH CMOABI HAM Tax00GpasHOTO MoHOMEpa (9THLAeHA, NPOMBUTENA H ‘Ta. OOpasyeres TaepAotii noamMep. Orciora caeayeT ecrecTBeHHIA BLIBOA, “TO YTOPA- OWeHMe MOXET COMPOBOXAATHCH POCTOM SHTPOMHM HE TOKO B HJOAMPOBAHHBIK, HO HB ‘OTEpHrTarx cucreMax. HoteHHO BOMPeKN NCKOMHBIM YeTaHOBKAM TepMORNHAMIIKH, Tepene- COMILIM BOCTEACTSMH B CHHepreTHKY, PocT xTpONHH OGycHOBANBAeT B rNOGAMTDHOM MacurraGe sosHuKHOBeHMe ynopaouenuoctn. Bnaronaps 9TOMY pocTy racHyT nce Kone- Gamma, nosuNKaroume » pesymsrare pasmNINEIX BOAHOBMIX Mponeccon MexANHECKOTO, AUMHeCKOTO, 2”1eKTPOMArHITHOTO H Tat. xapaKrepa. CoxpaneHMe 9THX Mponeccon B He- XOWOM BIIXE MPHBORITO Gh K HapacTaHOMEMY NAOcy, yRemMUHBAIOMEMyeH MpH TosBNE- [HM KaxlOTO HoROTO HcTONNNKa KOneOaHuH. B THX YCODNRX 2kHBIH He MOTa OBI HH Bo3nnkHy, Hn eymtectHonar [20]. Pocr sxtponut Gnaronpasrrcrayer He TOKO cyUIe~ eTBOBAHHMIO HSH, HO H CaMOMY ee BOGHHKKOREHINO, Tak, €caA poeTy SHTpoNMM MpeNstT- eTBYET CONPOTHBAEHKE cpemsl, OHO MPEOROACBAETER PAsHOOGPASHBIMI PEAKIVAMH, N= BORA K ROSHHKHOBEHHIO pasHOOOPAsHBIX cHcTeN 8 Hell. Tak, HampHMep, ecaMm MeTe- opur lonanaeT » aTMocibepy, TO BOSKMKAeT cHeT, 3BYK, KHMHYECKHE PeaKMWH MEXAY KOMMONEHTAMH BOIAYXA, COBKMOUE, B YACTHOCTH, M COCHKHEHNA, ABIAOMMECH KEKOR- BINH "KUPMHKAMH xkuBOrO, BOSMOXHO, HMeNHO 9TH MPOUECCSI H MpHBe-TH x BOSHK- onenmio cnn na Zenee H axe cosmanH uSITECKHe YCTOBNS, NaMIpanasTOMINe OCTPHE nomousmn » cropony neqpanmsansa [21] Tas oxomiareabiolk nenlocrH b cBa3Ke oMtTpontA ~ yHOPaOYeNHOCTL yTOIHUM OcKOB- mare HonoxopMaNLns (Cusica oToit nen saxmio¥aeres B Tom, To B TpHaxe (TeTpane) mH>opmatax ~ neroHTpo- ‘ux — ynopaqoventiocTs (opratticsans) noaytenNaR HNcOpMarNx YaeAWsHBAeT Her>TpO- ‘mo, a 370 BejleT x yBeaHNeHMIO ynopanONeHHOCTH (OpraHiNsauun) [6]. Ho xaK Oui0 10- ‘kagaHo BbIlNe, OpraHusanyia m YnopsROveHKOCTS ~ pasane nonsTHs. OpranisopaHmBtN cnctemanst sasiores cucteMt (OPraiiaMbt # apToMaTs!), enocoOHEIe crenpHeCKHM (onepexaroutu) oOpasom pearuposar wa cursiams (icopmanHio). B mpoTHBHOM cay- ‘ae HaM mpHULAOCs Ost CuUrTaTe, TO MHKPOKPHCTAAA OpratsoBaHee aMeOus, a NANT: ‘onk Nenonexy opranuaonanee oparunana, Tlomsirka yeraHoBuTs cas3h MCKAY Teopmelt m peamsHocTHIO Guna ocymecraneNA JL. Bpramtoonos 9 suite neromrponutioro mpamtuma mucpopMarom myrem npmpananna- [HAR CTaTHCTHNECKOTO BLIPAxEHKA SH TpONM BomblaHa K BHIPAXeHIAO HEOMPEMETEHHO- crm K. Uenxoxa, Biisog Toro mpakinma nauanactes ¢ nonsTHs "cnOGOmNOM mHbopMa~ om, nosMEKaromeft, KOTRa BOIMOXHBLe CYAN PACCMATPHBAIOTCA KAK ABCTPAKTHIE HM HE MetouItte ompenesteHHOrO cbusHecKoro sHaNieHua” [6]. Io honyutenMe amaeT cmBtcna TOMETHe HNCpopMalUAH, NOCKOABKY CHTHAN HiKKOTAA He OutBaeT "aGCTpAKTHLIM’, a aceeda omnocumeaen. JlefcrenrembHo, curuamni (iopMaulus), HAYUWe HO TestedpOHHBIM HPO~ DBONAM, Ke ABMRIOTCR TAKOBHINH JMIA PaANHONHEseHHKa, YAMTpA- a HHKpAdYK MOFYT Garr curuanann (axbopManueli) nas nenudmna m ne MOTYT OMIT TaKOBbISOH JMR eOREKA, Oropeas nousTue uuhopMallin OT ETO peaNbHOro eMBICHa, aBTOP BBONUT HIyAIOE ero Cobieay NOHATHE: “CRAGARHO MHpOPMAlNNH... BOSHEKAIOMEH, KOTHa BOBMORHBIE CYAN MOTyT OkITB mpencrapaeHst KAK amEpococTOmHs cpusHecKO! cncremmt". Tlocne ero, ecrecTsenno, "uncpopManiet” oxasatact 3anozHeHKOH bea Boenewtan. Ha caMoM xe e- ‘Re CBASAHHBINN OKAIANHCE HE HEChOpMALNA C HeTsHTpONKeH, a NOTepaBUIaA cMBiCN ¢bOP- yaa, oTHocHBIIIaKcs x micopmanim, c McrOMIeH CKOAMYIO CTPyKTypy POpMY.TO! craTH- TiyecKoro seipaxena strpommm. TaxHM OOpasoM, B 9TOM BKIBORE OKASATACH MPOMTHO- PupoBaHA ceuMEpiKka OpraHIMOB M HX AHATOTOS ~ aBTOMATOR, T.e, OH OKASAMHCD HO HOHM CHOIICTRAM OTOXAECTHAEHUBIME C HACAMHBIM ra30M. 10sM, Sfiren 8 cHo10 oepenD BuIBEN KPHTEpMA CeNEKIMOHHOM YeHHOCTH, HeM, NO ero MHEHIGO, BHEC B TeopHIO JlapBHHa BMECTO TaBTOTOrHM "BKIAKBAHHE BHIKRBAIOITETO” pilomie KouKpeTHOE ISAYECKOE MORATHE. CyTb ITOTO KPHTEPHA B TOM, NTO B IBOTIOM- onom mpouecce noGexaeT TOT, KTO GBICTEE MUTAETEH M pasMHO2KaeTeA [4]. B mrore ewxenna waykm K pentenmo npoOneset XH3HH HOHNKTA NapamurM, OCHO- ‘aHHas He TOMBKO Ha KANECTHEHTOM, HO H Ha MaTeMATHYECKOH BIANMOCDSSI NOMTHT HI opmauyui-nerasrrponus-yropsnosensiocr. (opraHsauyit)->BOm0WI Ho ecam Ost cKOpocr® IMTaKWs H pasMHOXCHNA ONpeNeTANA WAMpaBeHKe 3BOOIW, ‘To WHKOTNA He NOSBHLMCH Gb BHICLIME OPraHHayEL, CKOPOCTS MPOLECCOB MTAHHR Mm PAS MHOKeHUR y KOTOPLIX Ha HecKOMEKO MOPsIKOB YeTynaeT cKOpOCTH TaKOBHIX y mpocreli- rmx, Oreioxa cenyer orcyrcrante OAMOSHATHIOH CARH MEXAY MNChopMaLpell M HETOHTpO- neil, neronTpormeti m ynopsxOYeHHOCTHIO, YOpaAOveMHOCTO H Oprasusaunell, opraKH- amp w anomounel, no SKireny, xax 06 310M TpaxryeTes » cymecTEyromch napaAMrMe. To xe camoe MOXHO CKA3ATS O CTaMOHApHOCTH, Kak HenpeMeHHOM B RAHKOM apa- ure ycnoBui peamsarpu Mpoueccos Kak OHOnOrHMeCKOA, TAK H MpeNOKOTOTHHECKOH nomtontn [3-5]. B 1953 r. opm 3 ockosononoxHiKoS OGutel Teopmn cucrem (OTC) JL. Beprananpa nyGauxyer paGory, 8 KOTOpO! HOKAsBIBAeT, 4TO MHOTHE CHCTEMBI OOTa- avoT cnocoGHOcTB¥o HBBIEKATD HeToHTpONWIO 3 BHEMEM epesbt K “eOpacsIBAT” TyRA 2xe SHTPOMMO, HapaGOTAHHy!O SHYTpH EHX, M WTO BTOpOMl 3AKOH TEPMORMAAMBKI MPH Tos me napytraetes [23]. 910 MOPOAHLTO MHOKECTHO MATEMATHMECKHX M 9KcmepHMEH- ‘TambHBIX HcCHeROBAKM, PACCMATPHBABLINK KUSH KAK CTAIMONApHDIM NOTOK BEI|ECTBA ‘meprum, Texyuutk cxnos® opranuss [2-5]. 370 cpannicume — naan narypepwtocodpeKit 1 nooTivecKmit oGpas. Onicanne Taxoro MOTOKA OYeHD yAOGKO: € dhiBHMECKO TOKE ‘speims on ycrortuna, c aTemaTuecKoit— GaNanc MpHXONa M PaCxona SHEPTH M MACCBI B Hem panes nymo, Equctaentas ChOxHOCTS TO MaTEMATHNECKOTO OMCAHMR CBAAHA C enyaenbiM OaxaHcOM o1TpOnHM H3-3a MpoMsBOACTHA ee B caMoM MoToKe. Ho 9Ta TPYR- oct», Kataoce Gui, upeononesaeres Teopemo’ P'naucaopda-Tipuroxana, 13 KoTOpoit ‘caeqyer, 370 npowsBoRcTAO SHTpoTn cHCTeMOM B CTaNHOHAPHOM COCTOSHHH MIMI. no [3]. Omwako mento ReHyANOCTS CramMOHApHOCTH AaeT OpraRaMaM OrpoMmMEte Mpe- ‘mnyntectna » Gops6e 2a muPkumanie. Tax, HeKOTOPHle 3MeH H KPOKOMHUTH CMOCOBHE OCy- MecrBaaTb HOpMambHy!O -KNIMETERTENBAOCTS Ges MIT NO TORY Ht Haxe Gomme. Boe BHYTPEHHHE CHCTEMBI OpraHIGMA PAGOTAIOT TAKKE B NePEMEHHOM, 3ABKCRIUEM OT OGCTO- serenscrn peaxuve. fla H caMH opratifoMB, BKTIOWAA BBICITHME, MOHOCTHIO WI HACTHSHO ‘mocoGHBK BMARATD 8 aHAGHOS Ha JETEMBHOE BpeMA. ONeBHIHO, HTO 3TH ME>OPMANIHON- Hle, ANIKBATHBIE ODCTORTENBCTEAM PeaKLMH KBAROTEH TOPEIIO Gosee SKOHOMIMEEIMH, eM craigonapHte mporeccns, MocsemaHe TPeSyIoT MOCTOsEMBIX 9KeprosarpaT Ha can axr cnoero cymecrsonanns H, xpome TOTO, HepeambHoro B MpHpOe NOCTOmHCTRA BHEM- six yeronut xusHeoGecrevenns. Hama rimotesa mperGuonorveckoit 2BOmIOIIH BKIO- waeT B ceGA B KAYECTHE HCXONHOTO MONOXeHKIA OcHOBHYHO WACIO A.TT, PyneHKO 0 caMo- pasnicran xatanuszropos [24]. Ho 8 Hell noKasaiio, "To MpHNLATOe HM Kak OGxaTeMBHOE YeROBME CTANHONAPHOCTH ABIAETCA He TONBEO He HYANBIM, HO MPOTHBOMOKASAIINM anomonnonnomy mponeccy. B wactnocrH, 970 caszaHo c Tew, WTO pexxmc cmmresa THK xa JIHK nm PHK na PHK, rpe6yer nepemenmoro anepreritieckoro pexaiwa, [Lt axTH- BalUIN MONEKY:, ACTYNAIOLINEX B PeaXMINO, TpeOyeTeH MOCTYNNEHMe IHEpTHH AK 3a- KPemmewia MONeKYn, Re MPMCOCRMMMBUINXCA K nen, TpeGyerea ee ynanemne (25). Tipezeranmenne 2xe 0 cranwonapuoctn ¢bysKrMOKMpORaHIAR OpraHtT3MOB coaqaeTER paGO~ ‘Toft IX citcrest (mimeBapHTebHOM, BHIeEMNTEABHOH, NONOROIE H T.M.) Ha "KONOETOM X0- ZY", 4TOOLI HMETH BOSMORHOCTL CMeHE AKTHBHOCTH STHX CHCTEM. Ormerint rawxe, TO KUGepHeTHKa B CBOE OcHOBe OasupyeTes Ha ABYX HoMSsTHSK: sntpoptanim 1 o6parsofi casan. H secs Ax nccsenoBaHHs OpraNMs0naHHBIX CHCTEM Ha~ 0 pasaHaars moa Buna OOparHoit CHASM: cHHANENytO H OprMMapHyrO ~ GusHIECKyTO THNA "gelictane paso npoTanozeiicramio”. Yaer sroro oGcrosTensCrea nosBOAKeT HIGEKAT THYTaNMTDI Y2Xe B CAMIO HANAAX MpHAOKEHA NOTH KHGEPHETHKH ALIA HeCTEAONANS enowtena anon [11-16], 106Taxi o6pasow, passumaeas Gonee cromeTHx TOMBITKa OFOCHORATE cyIHOCTE xc13- 1m sa ourponutuoll xapaxrepucrixe, ocwonaiiaa ia npocTof nice Bombusana, #0 97 apakrepicruka amaxerex opwozasim HoKasaTedieM paGoTOcTOcoONOcTH, 7c. xuSHE- cOcO6HOCTH OpranieAa, MIL OKOMYATENKNO sanyTaTa caTyanMHO B pememm npOOae- bt eyo aaram PaccMOTpHM Tenlepb Apyryio OGnacTe NPHAOKeHMA SHTPONMM, HMCIOMIyIO He TORK. ay'aoe, Ho at unocodpeKoe saavermte, AUEKYECHH BOKPYT KOTOPO! Ke CTHRAIOT Y>Ke now nonropa nexa, To Tak Hanbinaewaa TeopHA TenTonoMt caeprn Bcenenmoi. Co- "aacito 9Toji Teopim co npeweliem Bea aueprua coraacuo BropoMy saxoNy TepMomuma- ata Hell npoxerpasuipyer, aurpontin jocrarmeT waxcunyia, 4970 Oyler O3maNTs KOweI oKH3HH BoeneHHol, OAHAKO MOXKHO COPMACHTECA C COBEPUEHHO MPOTMBOTONOKHSIM YT- epAileniieM 0 TOM, To wakes oipontin Beeexnoh OKaaa.104 He B KoHe €€ HCTO- Da, a cantom ce nave, C TouKu 3peKID TEepMOWUAMIKHT MAKCHMYM SHON B 9TOT Tepnog Guin oGycnonnen Texmeparypoit no Milorue TpiLAMuoN rpaxycon 8 nepatie sewopenm sosneroren Beem, etommenso a5 = £2. Tx xx npn poe rewneparypsi dS > 0, ro pacrer m 9#TponMs. 3aTeM pH OCTAIRAHHON BeMlecrBa, TAK KAK 82 u 80 = TdS, a raxace T, >Ty cacayer dS > dS). Ho noxotunre xe Hepascucraa ¢ auanorimn pesioMe 0 neobpaTiwocra MOryt Ost Biseneui nn moGoro sua paGoru, npotabeneRiion » TaKOR cacrene. eftoranreAtt0, ms Pid = Pad, caenyer sui00X, anatormansih ToMy, KoTOpHih emaerox npn whtBOTe Oo6asdrensaoro poeTa airpomu 8 npouecce TenooGMeua ds, > ds,.(Syecb 8 xasecrBe noreauuanos P shicrynaior Mexauueckan cua, asneue, axexrpiieexoe Mapaxetite tira, a 8 xavecTee npupocra Koopinnar dt ~ yr, o6eM, anexTpiveceih sapay i.) B ro ie speus xopoutel mamioerpawieh opanuocrn MOryT auuTbex KoneGaTembiTie npowecest m06oro poke, re sHaKn HepaBeuersn MpupocTos KOOPAMEET NepHoMyttecxi Newnioron ila o6patuuie, 4ro He uMeeT wecTa B npoueecax TetLz00GMex. Tak O6pa- 40M, 70, 470 npunuesisserex pocty sierpoutn, oOyenouewo HsBecraniit seca npoueccaun oGpanienua wacra waxpocromusecro padora uau ne ucnomssopasiio8 18 paGorsi paswocra Tenneparyp b HeoGpaTuNoe RAOTHYeCKOe HONKENNE MiKpO"aCTA he aunaeTeH caeyeranen saeMeltrapHbix MaTeM&THeCKiX BbIKAQgOK. Orerum raxxe, #10 KaK norenitan, Tak # KoopmuuaTa 8 nuipancesun paGoTs HMe- sor none onpererenmuth daeceu canica, Ino Xe KacaeTeR BuIpaxcchwA TenAOTH 80 = TaS, vo ayece onpeneressth ueanecx exbicn wetor ToMLKO upupaileae Tel ‘aa u aGcomiorvian Texteparypa. Takin oOpasow, » orausute oT peaabliix Koopauuan, uetouuix KouKperiia usitecxuf cxsicn, audpepeniiaa swrponuit npegerasaerea sax a8 = 92, mipanarstonopetosame, Daspom ne Nome Gr swepene 3 akenepusene, a Tonbxo sbiavenena Yepes conpaxembiec Hew dpyHKiuin, Sato nenons sonaue ee b Kavecrae Gyixilin npuader waTeMaT#NecKoMy suipaacetio nepsoro Mavi 2a Tepuoyvunaninenussimuh sw, re suipancenmie Tena CraHoBieren alaAOrWiHnDh Bh paxermo pa6orn au = TéS- ¥ Pay, a ror mareManiseckith npitem, € oxo! cTOPOHBI, UIKPOKO MeNOMAyeTER IHN pene- ss psa TepwosmaMmTeckix 3aas. B sacrHOCTH, 8 O6NACTH RBIRONA RYAHMOSABHCHMO- cnelt Mexkxy PARIHSHDINN MOTERIUTANANI, KOOKIATAMH H ¢pYHKIUAN, OT HE HPOHS- 109‘nomena. Hanpmnep, mpi yeranonsieHnit saancHMocTH MexkAy TeMIlepaTypol H TeMAIOEM- KOCTAMI MPH MOCTORHHOM RaBNeHNH W NOCTOsHHOM OGBEME (Cp H C,), EXPHITHIX TENAOT pacumpenus u nannewus (Uh) 7.2. (Ha was BSF-AxA, ageKBATHOCT’ 9THX BHIBOROB pe- ANBHOCTH MOXET COCTaDTTs MpeAMeT OcOBOTO HecTeAOBAH.) ILIA STOTO HEMOESyIOTE BEIPAXCHA TEPMONNMAMNYECKIX NOTEHIANOB, BKAOYAIONUX SHTPONO, TAKUX Kak caoSoqnas aueprus F = U ~TS x ceo6oquas suramsnus Z = U~TS + pv. Cpasy ormerim, onmaxo, 40 B OTHX BDIPARCHNSX OHTPOMNE BBICTYMAeT He CAMOCTORTETBHO, @ B KAeCTBE ‘onsioro v3 JBYx COMHOAIETEneH, NAIOUIWX B NPOHIBCHEMMK TENTOTY, Tc. (PYHKUILIO, HMIO- myo peasant bwastieckmit cabicm. B to xe spenn oTcyTCreue npeACTABIeHNA O NPHHIOMNANLHOM OTABINH SHTPONAH OT aGounx KOOpAMHaT, KAK 3TO GHLNO OKASAHO BLIlE, AMIS NPHBOANNO K MHOFONMCTEH- moist 3a6qyactena, IIpHunint TOTO 3aK-OMEHBI, ECTECTHEHHO, He B MATEMATUKE, a B ¢bmame mpoutecca, Kax pas m sanoxxeHOll 8 caMofl ocKOBE BTO} ‘nex, Bor ‘tro 06 3Tom rosopur xnaccuseckwit Kype Tlyrw108 anionica nepasnoyennoiau chopnaxu nepedaru aHepeuu. OHM HEPABHOUEHKDL NpeATE cero MOTOMY, TO paGora MOXET GuiTb HeHlOcpeACTREHHO HAMIpABAeHA Ha NONOTHEHHE aamaca moGoro Bia 2Heprai (HapuMep, NOTEHIGAADHOH HHEPTHN THKECTM, IEKTPINE- cxoit, MarmTnoit oueprit m T.1.), Tentora 2ke HeMOcpeNCTBeHHO, T.e. 6€3 NPOMeEKYTON- Horo mpeoSpasosartus & paGoTy, MOKET OuiTe HaMpaptea Ha MONOAHERNE TOKO BHYT- penmeit oneprim tex... Ho no BTopomy waYay TepMOnMHAMHKN HeKOMMEHCHPOBAKHBIA nepexon Teniaa » paGory nenosmoxen” (17. C. 52]. 9ro osHavaer, 470 B OTANIMe OT pa- Govero mpoyecca, KOTOPHIA HeMIMYeMO MpONCKOWNT ¢ Aerparauelt YacTH SHEPTIN, B ponecce TenmooGmetia wacTH Tenia TAKE MPOAeTpAAMPYeT, a pH Mpewpaiies Oc- ‘TaMbNoil vacTH Tenuxa B paGoTy npousofigeT ROMONHNTeRGIaR AerpanaMs SHePrUH. iro xe Racaeres cramicrukn Bombunaia, TO, GesycAOBHO, OH BEKPEUTA GuSHTIECKH cnsien HeoGparumocta. H nce xe CombitaHORcKaR CTATHCTHKa, Kak M TeopHia ayKTYa- ui Cuonyxosckoro, atcanGaedt TuG6ca, cratucruka Peprt-Dupaka s Boxe-Snaurelna, SIDAKETCA Hi NEM HIKING, KAK HeMIOCPEACTBEHREIM pasBuTHEM CraTHCTAKH MaKenesta H co- Bepuuientio He TpeGYer, Ha HAMM BATAAN, /LIA CBOETO HCTIOMEGORANKK NOMATHR OXTPOMTAT, ‘Taku o6pas0m, OTaeT Ha 3amevanue Ibk. Pon Heiigana Mor Oot mpossyxare aK: “Hunxro ne anaer, #0 xe Taxoe # JeiicranTeNsNOCTH SHTPOMS, NOTOMY ‘ETO OKa He HNe- er onpenenesoro ¢busiveckoro ewbicna". MooTomy mpencranaseTes parwionamsiim pu Gbopayauposke BTOpOrO 3aKoHA jlesaT® AKWeHT Ha TeX OMPERETEKIERX, KOTOPBIE HE cogepxar nlowsnis “oirpomus". B [17] noxoGHBIx ¢opuynKposox ynloMHaeTea B Kade (TBE MME OCHOBUEIX BAPHAHTOS OKOO ABYX HeCRTKOB. TAKHX, HAPHMED, KAK OPMYTH- poska Ocrsaasna: “Ocymiecraneine mepneTym MOGHle BTOpOrO Pons KeBOSMOXHO” ‘Minn bopayampoexa toro xe Kayauyca: "Tensiora ne MOKET NepexomUITs OT KOORHOTO K TeMLTOMY Teny cakla cOGoH Aaponimw nyTeM'” [17. C. 61-62]. Ho Moxer Garr ace 2ke MOXHO WMPOKO HcToms30BaTS JHTPOMHO, HeCMOTpH Ha BCIO nyrannny 1 2a6nyAxXACHRA, B KOTOPHE Oa BOAT Ha MPOTRAEHEN MHOTHX ReceTHIETHH? Bem ova anageTea onwosKaNoft XapaxTepucTHKoR COCTORHNR CHCTEMBI, T.e, YRKIIRER cocrosnii. [leno B TOM, 470 (PYHKIHEM COCTORKI ABAAETCH Ht HY TPeHAR HePrHE CHC- ‘Tewbi ~ U, HO B OTZHMMe OT SHTPONNK HAKTO He CBAIHIBACT C BHYTpeNHER IReprHefh Wa- ROKN Ha MoHOE PeuleHHe MpOGIEM pAGoTOCHOCOSHOCTH, YNOPAAOYEHHOCTH, OPFAHLESA- ‘um, a TeM Gozee eaMoopranKoaiyan cucreM. [logo6HO TOMY, Kak Nx pein 2reGpa- HMCCKHX ANdpepeHMULATbHBIT YPaBHeHMA HOSHMKAKOT PemeMHA, KOTOPKIE He MOTYT GuiTb Wcnombs0Raiih B CHAY CBOETO NPOTUBOPENIK peaTAHOCTH, TAKE HO AByX HONATIAA BHYTpeHHeH HeprHK H SHTPOMIM, NOCTENNEA, KAK 9TO GBINO MOKAIAHO BBIME, HE MMCET onpemeaenwioro thusiriecxoro ewsiea. Syece yMectHo mpumectu Bsickasbinasine Mlyrmosa: "Konesmo, Aax MaTeMaTHeckH ‘rpenuponanuoro ya TpyAWOcTH mpemMeTa MOryT ObITS B HeKOTOPO! CTemIeHH CMATeNEI, cmH HGNOKEHHE MepeverIeHO Ha KIVIK MATEMATHTECKAK CHMBOTOB. HO BPAR Nik OTOT HYTE PALINOHALEH MPH BKIBOHe OCHOBHIX LonOKEHHH TepMonMKaMmMKs.. [ooOHOe MpKMEHE Me aHAAHTHYCCKHX MeTOAOB HE TONBKO He OOETHAET, HO, HANPOTHB, 3ATPYMARET yeBOE 10ie ¢byowseckoi cyTH jena. SaMena OrNYecKHNX MOCTPOCHM NaTEMATHNECKHMH onepa- ‘MWsNMH HeYMECTHA M BpemTHA, €CaM 9TA 3aMeHA RACYET 3a COGOH BEIXOAALIMBARME GpusUe ‘oro cxbicia; a 970 nwceT MecTO, Kora 8 Ypasiienue suogaTca BemruM, pO KOTOPLIC xe Gsito panmine cxasaiio, wT0 coBcTBeHHO cieayeT ¢>MSHNeCKH HOA HUM HOHIMATS" (17, C. 84], Kowenno, nce cxasantioe He osmayaer sta dpyaKu (a He NORSTHA) SHTpOTAE "3a- pera Ha mporpeccui0", Bonee Toro, Kak YA YHOMIHAOCe BBIllE, €€ KCNOAKSYIOT fA pemeunx psa sanay. Omwaxo neck HanpaninbaeTes aHaxorMa c HcHOMb2ORANHIEM B Ma- ‘TeMaTHKe ¢bYHKIUMH KOMTAeKCHOTO MepeNeHHOrO B MpoMe:xyToNMBIX oneparlNAx. Ho, ec ‘TECTHCHHO, HNKTO He MPEANPUMET HOMBITKY HATH >USHMECKUH CMBICH KOMILIEKCHOTO arrponus » KyasrypHoM, pnocodpexom H cmepreTHtecKoM KONTeKeTE Ocraetes eme pon sHTponuH KaK HOHATHA, BOIEmMerO B dpuAOCOKpeKMH H KYABTYP- uit o6uxom Kak cits0n HeYcroilmBoCTH if BpemenHOcTH ncero cyutero. Ho m 3Aech e0 cssaHno OTHION® He € poctom axTponm. [IpHma TOTO MoXET OMIT BEUCHEHA Ha Oc- Hove ¢akTop, KOTOpHIX BOKDYT Hac MHOXECTRO. PaccMOTpHM, HANPHMEP, HIOMEPKI, T.. Monexymbi ORuHAKOBOTO XHMIIECKOTO COCTaBa, HO WMeIOMWe Pascoe pactONOXeHIIE aToMop miu arommsix rpynm. Hapecranii neweuxni Gnoruanx M. Siren noxeutran, #70 HGOMEPOB TOMKO y ONHOM MoTeKyabI [HK KMMCHHOH NANOMKH MOKET Gurr 101000000, B mpunuune Kaxxnsth 3 HX MoxkeT OsITS Noay'eH MeTORAMH CoBpeMeHtOit xuNANE. Uite- 20 970 HenooGpasiMo orporno. [ocraToHHO CKA3aTH, HTO MECTO aTOMOB B HaGmMORae- molt Metaranaxrake (a 8 Heit MIUIIMApxDI TaaKTHK) HMeeT BeNHUNHY NOpaNKa BeeCO xuuns 10°° [29]. Ean 2ke Mb MepeiijeM K Gonee BBICOKHM YPOBHAM MaTePHK: MHHEpa.taM, TMOponaM, OPraHiTsMaM H 7.2, TO MPOCTpAHCTBA AIM KONGHHATOPHKH OKBKYTER Ha KAX- oli crymenu noxsema nce Gombue Gomsine. JlelicToHTenbHO, Heb 1 pasHbre "KUPTN- eft” MOXHO CTPOHTE emte M paswere "sRaHNA”. B peaMbHOCTH KE HAYETO NOROOHOTO He waGmionaetes, Hi neno siceb He B MeROCTATKE MATEpHaMa NAR peAMHSAINHH BCex BOSMOR- nocreit. Onnorunnnie cuctemt O6bI'HO BcTpeaioTcs GOABIIOM KONHYECTBE. ‘iro 2ke 970 3a TaMHcrueHuBte cRoficrsa, oGecneuMBaroMe CyIecTBORAHNE CHCTEM 8 Yyonosusx xecrowaiiutero OTGopa? Orser Ha TOT BONpOC MORET ODrTh HeOMNTANTDIM: ‘cnetema » Texenme Belt cBOett HGH ROAKHA GoITb IBOTONKOHMPYIOMLIM MIKPOKOCMO- con, ypaBkonemtisax BomelicTane Bcex OKpyaaiOUUX cucrest. [Ipyrunm cTOBasH, Ha Kaxyoe ciLTOROC BHieMIHee Bo3peHICTRHE CHCTEMA AONHA OTREYAT. WHGO NpoTuBORelicT- ‘Bile, ecmH On0 paapyitaiomtee, WN MenOT30RaTS ero, ecxIH Oxo enocodeTAYeT cymecT- BOBAHITO CHCTEMBI. 370 CBOMLCTBO ARAKETCR OOM H ONpEREAMTONUM Ax BEX cyINeCT- aytounnx cucrem. IIpumepom nox06Ho! CHCTeMBt MOET SBNTECH KPHCTAIN WI Aaxe poctoit kamen. Mut He MoxeM yueeTh ncex noaxeticranit GmurxTeTO H nambHero KOcMO- a, KoTOpbte OTpaXaeT MKPOKOCMOC KaMiA. HO MT, 4TO Mi 3HAEM, FOBOPHT O coBeP- ‘mcuvo Yaukanbubix ero cBolicreax. Ox nporusoctowr u uchapsromemy xelicrasio Cont- ta, H eTpemamelica pasnanitTs ero CHAE JeMHOTO TATOTEHUS, pacTROpsIOMIeMy AeHICTAMIO ‘OMI H XHMHTHeCKOMY BO3eMICTBIIO MHOTHX BEIIECTB B BOSNYXC, BORE H NOYBE. BOC TO- To, cleMAeHMe MOTEKYA B HEM CTOmb YHUKAAIHO OpraxHsopaltO, TO UpH yMepeHLIX You [AWAX CKATHM HAM PACTAXEHNA B KeNt BOSIMKaIOT CHIT, PABHBIe TIO REAM H OOPATHEIe ‘No Hanpanaenmno CHAM, Ha HeTO BosnesicTayionLIM. ITOHRTHO, MOYEMY 13 OTPOMHOTO Te- Operudecki BOIMOAHOTO YUCHIa NHHEpAOB B YCLOBHAX BEM AMI HeMHOTHE EMOrTH Ccrar peambiibe 2BOTONMOENPYIONUDX MIKKPOKOCMOCOM ~ NpocToInaH Kanda. B KANE MONO MPOECTH HCTOPMO KOCMINECKOH OROMOUN: HANNE THRENIX 9EMCHTOB B Hem TOBOPHT, HTO ETO MATEpHAN NPOUIEN Hepes 9BOTHOIUHO THKEABIX 3BC3H, FeOTOT MIpO- ‘wrer a eM ucropaio Sewn. To 2x6 MOXHO CKABATD H O PAcTeILMH, KOTOPOE B OTHE OT anna ne nporunonelicrayer, a Hao6opoT, O6paTHT Kax cer ConMia, TAK H PAN XAMMME~ ‘KH BOIMETHETHNTA REMTECTS B BON M BOSTYXE jk NOBBIINEHNS HAREKHOCTH CBOETO CyINe- crmonanns, umB mpouecce somo nocroaHNo yer paspyinente crapsix OG weKTOB H BOSHUKHOBE- we HOBLIX, HOCTPOCHHIX US HX BHAONSMENeHHOTO MaTepHaa, B NpOMEXYTKE 2KE MEXIY PASPYUEHHEM 1 COBNTANHEM STOT MaTEpHaA NaXOMWTER B COCTORMUL KAOCA, WTO HMeeT eCkMa KOcBeHHOe OTHOILIEHNe K PocTy S¥TpomN. HM sonpeKH TeHTeHIM PaspyiNEHUs 1 xaoca, nex ucTopHst sBomioiyi Kocmoca rosopur 0 pocte ynopsovennocTH t opraHna- unt, OG 970M, B-HACTHOCTH, FOBOPRT H TIPOUeCcbI ROIHMKHODENTR HEGECHEIX Te, H PesYTb- Tar OuOnOTHYECKOH 3BOTOIUIH, MpHBEAIIE! x BOSMHKHOBeNINO HesIOBEKA, H,, naxouey, orwerum nocaeaHee. B seceMa onynspHoll MbINe cHHepreTuKe OrpOMHAe poms npugactes OuypKayiiam — MarTBIM BOIMYTICHNAM, PaRKAEHO NOBOpaMHBAIONUO XOW| COOKITHI, HAYHHAR OT (pIBHYECKHX MpONeCcOB H KOHNAg Mpoweccassn MCTOpHYECKEAN. Oraerin TaKxke, #70 t10G0e Gomuiloe BosMyUjenHe, PacceuBasct & cpene, HOPOxALET OF Pomuoe xomruecrso mastx. [la u caMa cpea, OKPYXaLouIas 11060! OGREKT, HopoxaeT x B gocrarownoM Kommuect#e. Ho Konoccanbible KOD‘pepuIEHTs1 OTGopa TOTO NopsnKa, KoTOpbil, HaMpHMep, paccunTay ja HIOMepos /JHK, BsIBOAST Ha peutalouIy10 poaD 8 380- mMouuounstx mpoueccax ue Gucpypxaiuut, 2 TpeGoBaHue coorseTeTBHA ROGOTO OOBeKTa SBOMIONHONUPYIOWIEMY MUKPOKOCMY. EctecrseHHo, pom Oxbypxauii OTpHIATE HomHO- Ccrito Opis Gor GecempicnenHo. Ho om npeonagaiot 8 ocHosHOM Ha yposue cbayKTyatgti Tax, nanpuaep, pasuooOpaste (bopa MUKpOMBIAHHOK, wmAAOMUXCH HeMTpAMH KPHCTAZLIN al cHeAAHOK, cosjatoT HeHosTopUMoe pasHooGpasHe MocrenMUX. Ho, HANPHMEp, B mpoueccax GHoroTHYeCKO! 2BOMIOUNK Poms NYTAKH (GH>ypKaNWll) MOET GoiTk TOAEKO nehrpansHoll (B ay'IeM cay'ae), a 8 nlogamnsiouem Gombunmcrse cay'aes OTpMUATeTE- Holi, Tax KaK BKMTOMEHME 5 COBEPUIEMUDII MeXAHHSM TApMOHNHO B HETO BXOAIX CHy- ‘vailntix useweHmil, yaysuNaIoMNEx ero paGOTY, KaK 9TO NOKASbIBAIOT PacseTHI, NpAKTIE- cexu neseposHo (30), 'B wrore sa sonpoc, tocrasnenubil B sarosoake © PpoaM 2HTPOnMK B HayKe, MOXKHO OT- RETHTh, WTO HOHTHE SHTPOMHIM HEOGXONHIMO B GOMBIIRKCTHE CIY'AER HEKAONHT 19 Hay Horo, cpwstocorpeKoro M KYAsTYpHOTO OBNXONA, a 8 OCTANLMLIX cayYaaX WeTIOMIOBATH ¢ OOssaTeAbHBIM BLIACHENHeM ee KoUKpeTHOIt post. K comanenmio, OObeM CraTsl HOIBOAN JIM KOHCTIEKTHBHO paceMorpeTe mpoGieMy. Ho Gnino 6b1 He ConceM HepHo OrpaHUYMHATbCH OGKISHBIM B TAXOM Cay'ae PesTOMe, ITO “orpuuaresbinth pesynsrat — Toxe pesyayrat”. Orkas oT Tpagimmuonuoro "suTpoMtiiHO- To" NoAXoga HossomsIeT Ho HOBOMY MOJOHITH x OMpeREseHINO AUSHK HM MeXAHHIMOB chyskutouupovanus, opranusaiun u caMoopranusalyin, SHAH 4 cMBIea, yupaBEHU [10-16, 31], a TakKe gare qisMdecKoe OFbsCHeHHE PHYHKaM BOBHMKHOBEHIR mpouteccon, pacemarpunaenx cunepreTaxoil, wameTHT» peuseuue Tex npoGmeM, Ha KO- ‘opsie ona nperenayer (15, 25, 32-35], Tipnwe: 1, Ur. no: Bosmwaxoe B.E., Munux B.E, Branwocess wroporo axa repmoxunanut, "paiuuinos yerortsusoro HepasKonecis 1 mepopaceium // Spann Bayap m Teoperiteckan Gioro~ ‘ua. Tynnno, 1993. 2, Kyaneyoo ILI. K ucropin npuwexenus Tepwogusanxu 8 Guonorun {/ Tpunvep K.C, Buoxo- ‘ux w uubopsazuia. M., 1965. 3. Mpuzoxcun H., Huxoaue X. Buonorwsecxuil nopasox, erpyxtypa ueycrotusocrs // Yene- 20 ustsecKax nay. 1973.T. 109. Bran 3 4, Stizen M. Monexynapnas cavoopranisauis x pause crazy ssomtounm /f Yemexn ipusnsec- vec wayk. T. 109, Buse. 3. 1977, Map, 5, Boanxenumeiin M.B, Conpenentas dyranka x Gnoxorus i/ Bonpoest nnocodpia. 1989, Ne 8 6. Bpuxaoon JI. Hayka w reopns mnepopataupin. M., 1960. 7. Hpuzoxcun H. Tlepeorxpistue npeseus |! Bonpocts guzocodu. 1989. N8, 8. Kusseaa F-H., Kypowouoe CT. Cuneprermxa xax woaoe smponorpene: snanor © Hi. Tiparo- ‘satan // Bompocss dpnocorpunt, 1992, N12. nz9. Kypdrouos C.IL, Kypxuna E.C,, Momanoa A.B., Cauaperut A.A. Caoxniie wtoronepiie ‘crpykryput ropenuis wesuneliuod epem /) Kypuan vuisuencrenuHol WATeMaTUKH H MaTeMaTHCIeC- ott dhsica. 1986. 8, 10, Umepenbepe M.H. K nonpocy 0 ¢pytkimtontamssiom onpenenenm 3 corp. 1967. 083, 11. Mmependepe MH. Vucpopmauua, Texwnea, x8», SHanue, Cep. Texinka. M., 1971. X&2 12. lmependepe MH. Kpuruseceuil ananas conpemewol napagursist 0 dpuswyecKol cyiuoc- su ura Duaocorpcente noetenoBans. 1995, Nd, 13. Imepensep2 M.H. Orposaisit mp ® 2epne neexa, Kuni: uaiteckntt mmnste mane // ‘@azocospexue neexenonasns. 1995, Ne 3, 14. llmependepe M.H. TIpoGnena Bepranaspu a onpeseseune asus // Boupocts dounocorpt 1996, 36 2 15. Ilmependepe M.H, Cuneprernxa n Ononorus // Bonpocet¢puaocorpmu. 1999. Nb 2. 16. Hmepenbepe MH. Surponux: ce cyte x upnnoxeuux w Hayne. | Dwocoxpexne HCcACLORA- sua, 1999. 862, 17. Iymusoe K.A. Teponumasanca. M., 1971. 18. Maiepac P-E. Saxons npupoast. M., 1958, 19, Upedunzep 9. “ro raxoe 2x96? M., 1972 20, Suu ¥.P. Kouetpykuux moara. M., 1962. 21. lmepenbepe M.H. Tepwonnnannxa 4 Onoaocus // OuaocorpeKne woczenosans. 1996. M3. 22. Bpuaavoow JI. Haysnas neonpenerenniocre x mipopMausis. M., 1966, 23. Bepmasangou JL. bon. Cuctenite ucenex0sants. M., 1968. 24, Pyoenxo AIT. Xapauseckas JOOHOTOrHYeCKAX SOMONE KATAANTHYECKHX EHCTEM Ht KpHETE- putt xnporo // Kpurepuit xusoro. M., 1971 25, Ilmependep2 MH. Pumovera npeaGuonorueckoik sposowt // bunocorpexue HosteoR- va. 1996. Ne 2, 26, unde AIL. Pasaynavoutasca Beenennas // Haya w xagms. 1995. N88. 27. Jhoxpox A. usuxa xuGepueruxu // KuGepueraxa oxwtaewas 1 KuGepueTiKa HeOXWIaH- ns, M., 1968, 28. Haumpueeexuis HJ, Honan dbywiasenraristan pone peniixronoro wanyicmn 2 dbiiec- xxoit xaprimte mapa // Toxmroane. 2000. Ne I. 29. Sivzen M., Bunxaep P. Vrpa 2xxa4a. M,, 1979. 30. Barowengeavd JIA. Kpurepuih xuporo 1 usuxa // O cyuwiocra xan. M., 196 31. Mmependepe MH Tipumunns opramssaupun u caMooprauusangen // Buodpicauxa (enionest) BMHMTH 28 N 513 B2000 or 28 cpeapana 2000. 32, Illmepenbepe MH. Canepretuxa: nageacnst u peansocrs | Tommrnosue. 2000, Ne 4, 33. lmepenbepe M.H1. Mepa, crpena m cyusocr» mpemern // unocodpexue uccreyonaus. 1999.4 234. llmepenGepe MH. Kus u spews // Coppementas xaprutia wpa. Boanycx Il. Popsmpona- ‘ue Hosod napasmrsas. M., 2001 35, Ilmependepe MH. uswteckas cyunocts, xuSHH H Hasaa TeOpiM OPraHiEOBARHBIX CHe- ‘rea, M., 2003, 11 Bonpocss pu0- 43