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    9 views10 pages

    Laura Marks

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    Marisol Reyes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Skin of the Film Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses LAURA U. MARKS The Skin ofthe File, ‘mimic the vision of on who hue suffered 0 mach that she nat ‘hind ral rm pectin, o whom mages occur inthe bil {sto ass and then are ebsorbd by a anaes Forging. ules: Mies ‘Tac pistols concave of towlee as something gina ‘ot on the model of vision bt theugh pial contact. Many of tho sours fractile pistmology may be eared as ung ous, omante, ordowrxight spac: tho Cabbie wanes af Wal ter Benjamins thor of representation Hansen v7. Bude Mors hh excising longing of ntropolgists fer ther altar ‘re of Knowing ay 9590 the lively exchange Bate Ta tig 194. Seller 194, and Jays Deleuze anc Gata (7) onli musings on naigton and ineet, viewed askanco by ‘neny sodemice th percsvedesentlism of faints who de- tere frm of ropresenttion grounded i the body (ne Grose ‘98 itroducton,forareoinder My fort hereto describe form ‘of cna prevention based on he sng fuck may alo be ‘Suseptie to some ofthe rls {would ike o bap the Erilqnes in mind bt held them in chak unl ter this chapter. “Tcl plstemology invaves x rltlonaipto the weld of mi ‘nei compared 1 yma repesentaton. Mines rom the Crook mies” agus one represents thing ‘yctng ket Mines thx frm of representation base ona tcl, mal cotit at particlar moment, sucha that b= {ween chi a play snd an airplane (Benjamin x76). moth and the ack of to (Gil 1984). ata Songay sorcerer and pi (Stoller 198) Mies, in wich one cll up the presence of he ‘ter materi a nde rather han cone ation of imi) Tan: Arording to Bech Avrbach (959)-mimesis equi pear in Alte. Although Delauze and the philosophers pea whom his cinema theory is based, Bergson aid Pies, do note ‘term mimesis, ts que consistent with al ee cnewptons of ‘the reltonship wou the word and the sign othe nage ike memory in Boga’ theory. nimese i mada by the bad. At ures smite presumes acomtnium between mo ima sign and moresybolic signs, mimesis presumes oatinsam be ‘ween the actly ofthe word and he proc sg about ‘hat work This excursion ato inereasigly by forms of p= entation ths cansstent withthe toro of ropesetatin ad memory with wich I bpen. Mimeticreprnentaton then, exes ona cootauum with more symbolic forms of representation. a thee pe em the yi epresenfation characeriae of contemporary urban end tins society. The highly symbole word in which we Sad ‘urolos nowadays ia past uncon othe apts dency to render meanings ae easy consumable and tate eg, ‘tandacy tha int inde it oats i Enlightenment ideale, Consequently, rites of capitalism ofan sek a rata to mimetic representation in ode to if the expan fon thr world ab ‘ration oth ect here-and-noe Because vison eth ase ‘hat best nds isl symbolization, contemporary fos in We ‘ra sholrsip into atari pistelogy ae gener ace in tiga fhe crcent sta of lua a pots cpitalis. Noting tha th eases are formed in soil ante Marca that the modern indivi “alenation san aint wo aly ftom the products of iso her Ibo bt fr th vary body ad the senses (i 978 87-80). This obaeration informed many subsequent critiques of the apparent atrophy of sensuous kn ‘ego in industal and postadaslsociten.Dritish erie stch as Wiliam Moers ctiqoed the fact that capitalist culture al ‘tod the “cls eases such atv and smell while honing the ‘sul sense unl aegiod the character of a weapon (Clason, Hos, and Snot 1994 87). the rf School eit ies perceived an inceusng procs of ebsracton stemming fa ‘he subjugation ofnature ia Enlightenment emo ed culating Int apts. Thay donot confine this movement tothe West, noting hein bos Homer ath Rigid the epation of ub ect und objec in representation originate in peri oferta soma Somoyy ou, 5 The Skin th Film, domination and th subjection of anguished peoples orkhelmer nd Adorno 72,4] Stil they apse that aptalism enble the domination of nature and ethers to an unpecadonted gee, Sen ‘uous knows that ly on both hod and mind, acorting to Horkhoimer and Adorno, owt Banari called ae mimo ity; have auuphied in he histor! cones of industri nd ‘apt. The rnkfust School rice ala sensuous howled ‘ses of nonalenatad experience (Harker atl Adorno 1972, 71 and psi). Mime, thoy aged, ia for of ying to ‘no onvironment rather than dominating it, a tha fry al ‘al llratv tothe controling tance frm he onironment so ‘wal served by vison, ‘Recall Benjamins enormously productive suggestion (i) tht aura esis rlatoasipof evi or tact eleioship. The "anwork sy imple that aur the mati tc opie con ‘ac, bo brashwarksthatatet tthe nd ofthe att orth patna om range that eos o contri of xiation. Aut enfin ‘wmporal immediacy co-prseac, betwen viewer and abject Ta ‘bs inthe presence af a artic abject ir more Uk bangin py cl onc thank facing representation neal a ofthe "anwork” esay Benjamin posted a form of secu sir that would find communicative comvspondance betwen alte ‘nd peropton Hanson 3987. Sonsuous simian dsestbes cnr ‘ponences between o's dy and the wld at proce ep sntation, suchas tho relationship etweon pop at the eens ocr by astrology (his controversial nation lssppeared rom ‘hoi da ofthe sae) Benji’ ay “Oa the Mimetc Fc ly” Girt also took up this thems This exety and the wf ‘had PosogenWerk, ke the ety deaf the “Acton” esa tmp, always ors o demonstrate inte undertand Ing of material ality. Baja ad hie’ ability to vlote to things mimetic (ace Mors 198, 6-67, ar be euspoctd ‘hat the mimetic relationship nod nt be superseded by an elt ‘way of lating to things as merely abet He alo sags tha {he use ofthe mimetic aly varied ove istry. st be borne ‘n ind that neither minetc owe noe mite ject ave r= ‘mined tho samo inthe court of thousands of yer: Rahn, we must suppose thatthe sit of producing sites for example, In danas, whose olds function this was-ard lo th lf of unin thom, have eng wit historical develops (gy, {3 As vil dase below ike Benji and inuencng hi), ‘uthltrians inthe ory test cnty eign rw vl ‘metic kind of vison that row cla tit oj, ‘istngs on mimesis havea prescriptive implication: tough mi esis we can ot only undertow bt cre formed elationship to itor restora fogten lationship, Mime sls shite the brachial relationship betwen subject and objet, Indeed diaslvs the dichotomy butween the two, sorh that ent hile sbjot take on the pli, meri quale of objects, hile objects take on the peroptve and Knowledge qulitig of subject” mass an immanent way of gin the wr, ‘whorby the subject comar into bing not through bsraction rom the world but comparsonte involvement in As Roger Calls {98 wrote, mimiry Ce id note the erm mimes) sua ‘tation am att culminating pint bocausn things ve been ‘in cntct lave tat trace every on each th ‘otal eccounts af mimesis or afta epstercogy eal fo are- ‘urn o sate before language and before presentation Thy do, howe insta symbole representation i ot he sla source of meaning n fact, oven in ite stata forms, symbole rep ‘sentation dovives tom more fundamental, me ationship tothe wold Mietic and rymbole reprstatin are related in ‘he way thatthe inside of glow i telte othe ote, Benji (a7) argued that Ingusge isthe highest form ofthe mate a ily This des no dese language athe yom og we hae orme to understindi o be. Rater i cies Mage tat ras close enough tit bet to mak the sign ignite "The coher ‘eon of words or sentence thn bere ough which ik ash slaty eppeae. Fort prouction by man=lik is perception ‘byhim—isin many cases, and partial tho mot npr, i ‘do shes, spas” 297,53) Manoa Ponty decribed the same Nash of embodied meaning in language when he wot, "Words mos charge wih ilosphy at not ueceaiythop tht ‘contin what they a. butrater thon hat most engl ope upon being”. 20- Language ie ted nthe bly Ka menge Inseprable fom the sounds an gecturs tat bor fr Si Tul. Derrida emphasized the sonal bal of poopy a Gla (a7. 151), ware he describes the tactile production of spec eee s The Skin ofthe ita shaped by tho macous membranes ofthe mouth suck tga by salva, and spt out Those aoounts of sync production show that ts embodied sod minute momeats, whore the bay of the yen opens int the tox andthe spacs between speaker ad le {ener thickens, re fundamental to te meaning Even inthe ret sophisticated ropesntatienal yon, un ae wtingo ioe, th conic and sya cops with the indica: repesentation Isinoxtricabl om embed! imentoned in chaptr «that Baron's Mater and Mor in ugurted way to undesstand mamery as beg located In the body. Nevers, Bergson undervalued embodied memory. i [at tecas ho assumed tht memory ea be ely brought th when noes, not acknowledging th ndvieal and sock pro hitions onthe scualiston of memory. Moe fundacentaly bo ‘undorvnundithecanse bo piveged nell intervention tho bodily actuation of memory. He ditinguished tw kid of nwmory: memory images, and moifston ofthe body “the one “Imagine and the other repeat” (pi) 288, a The former are ultisately action, since memory can aly be bright Wo conscious nes action The ater ar ma btu rpreenation’ (9-91) Lamping tgetr ho memory of children, dreamer, ad “Aiea sages be notes tht al hae grater aces to spontaneous met yor memory that esmediatly nd unelected in ‘he ody: he fas 1 misonay’saocount that afer presching Tang sermon some Atcans bbe one of tem repodt the whl ‘sermon, “withthe samo gesture, rm bapanng en (gg) Bor son dsmises such “impulsive” bodily momorye inferior oe mote selactive memory that actin ony wa i ef tn gulf ‘he valu of mispetchaowidge Ua ving gener vl to at ‘Bergin called "habit which wil argues Knowledge tbe baly ‘more highly eultvated than ho acknowledges Clay Bean, a bisndminton of chiens mime espace, sare ogi ‘ng shi the valuo of ergon eae, Henjamin might have added that he mimetic faculty not ely vasis historically bts cutest difereaty across elute When ‘he Huropen close and tare dismissed Afcan proton fetishism Petz 1g), as dscasse in he last cape. they wore simply unsbetorecognze he misticknowedge tht the Alans ‘nd sions culate, Anthropologist Michael Tau (gi) closely following the Frankfurt School tory of mimesis uggs {hal some cltureetain te imc feta hes ben deel ‘nthe Wt Taam histories th non of le a for of aowldgeby analing a mumber of nn- Waser cules Sores of ‘nowlege primal those of ie Cua indian of San Bs clan ‘nd environs. These cultures weal that knowledge fr mor de ent on bol mii tha conventional Weer cnc can ‘eknowledge Tass pois an opriomalogy of ouch ha wou be Jes instant than the predominant visual epstemolgy Sene ‘sous knowledge mplis"s lelding and ein ft eer ‘tho unknown of tought in is objet” (4) Horse and Adorno (a97) ellowing Rea. had compared the yielding form of now go tha esto the death nts th lignes orgs luck with nat. I cntat Tog sly aligns seis not with atte of nate but with an alternate, culated epi olay Similay nspled by the Frankfurt School theo, spclly Benjamin, Susan Buck-Mres (pp) also posits mimesis ws nal ative way often i th ror sof proto embrace, She ‘more eatin than Tas about th capaci of mimesis In ‘her eating of Benjamin's (9688 esay on eid, Buck Morse oes that mess has become aay tthe the indivi rom ‘ho shock ofthe word uch that mamisisehe frm of allman Jnsebed ua te bod a moder este, Echoing Bani ei ‘iq of rmembrases, Back Mors note tht a mdr, capital ‘mes perepton hil the body fom experience rater hen pa iting wena experienc o ow nto te bed Factory works Who Jar to crerizate thelr movements a thow of hw mactlnes ne rc this murderous frm of mimo (19 7), whl Hk Balmer and Adoroo called a "mimes unto de (7,5) Never elas. Ble More hopes that tediacomery of imei might inform noalonated conscousnes, Like Trung hough los op- ‘misty she posts «mimetic fara hat might count he sl lstnciaton ype of meray and sore tho ody tits seen ‘One might ange hat Tau croseculturalcompuion end ‘Buck Merl fora return amore sensu time, ik Benj in admiration of eildren end Hurimer and Adore’ moa ‘fortis foe capitalism whe the senses were not lense, hint ofa sot of polar loging se Jay 1090). Hower z em ome} ou, Tha Skin fhe Film lowe that these theorists ae rowing rom aber eltres ad ‘ge inorder to “think thee of what can be hough ce ‘Mee pew language fora mimetic Knog tha ext ina nasont tnd tot fr the contemperary Wet is possible to take up wor ate apistmoogy witout sdpting ted agnonee ‘fcamplete cular alenaton on whic thes scholar argent ‘st. Sasuows fons af nowedge do nt gt pd out though yaplagu.AsMeriens-Ponty gta 79) anguss. we humans hate over eoased to alate mimetic knowledges.‘ sue sth thas are not camry ald nage etre, Yo clues are Aver enough and “lvelopment”is"uneven etovgh that dle ‘et forms of sury knowles xi in sor for. deed ‘he caren Wester cultural longing a edlacovr sensuous know ‘ges, evidont aang achlors arts, and consumers sig of ch if. These dewrption of tcl epistemology compelling formulate the des for sensuouslyilormed Knowledge tht i sey prevalent inthe latent ontary Wos. would argue then, that ree than pve ato te reapearian ‘or pints ogg for sone kn tht motes many accounts f mines we acknowledge that many re tated mises and other frm of senso Knowl. Te pe ‘ved ee for a mete ius among th eves I hav esd ame as reaction to several cates of Europes oclacanrsm, in whic vision alone was the ontologies pr enellence (ay ‘oa Yt caltralwadtons that do not epasevision orally Hom th bay ave lot to dacosect a vag i “ity aay of hr work dlcut in ths book row on uch etre tnitins and critically compare ther othe podominant Western sual gi ‘Theorists who eal for a etur othe senate rea ons x patonc ws prediscrsiv and, bac, tural. This poston Téigpte Tort desonded an Marxism and phonomenalogy ‘peal tothe sens’ basil bila uncon in serving pod for shir, nourishment, safety and eockbl Yet hey ten nat fo acknowledgo hat sensu wed culled This bli, Isa result ofthe Haroon mistake of thinking that bocase the ‘proximal senses of touch tate, ad eel ar ot accorded much Importance in Wostern cultures hey are outside culture kg ral. Forexample, Buc-Mons aguas thatthe nse mnt an uncle and unchizbl race, s core of estan to cult omeattion (gu 6 Similarly Stevan Shi atbutes rw ato to sensation: "Lam voll, vlc flat by diag ad this sand, without boing able to have recourse to any fae of reference, an fom of tunscaneatl rection, a any Symbolic cdr” (00. 32) What Mesens-onty call “inde langue ‘would supposing listens nt contact wth“ and wild Ting” in tt trois a mimi lationship between th bly uth word: the ame can be sift cine, which would ing vewors into @ inet rltonship wih the age But just how “wil isthis ang? Tang, whe macho esc experonco 1s prsymbli, i al eulsted, that x, loa the vel of they The sense recat age extent than het ls chore ‘Thr my intrest in focusing on une experience particular in nema) iso find ealure within the body, more than to enya wi” stun out culture By paying attention toby and sa ‘uous experince we wl ad tht i tlre degre Informed ly cata Preption isl informed by elt, and so even ‘lil ages re (clr ptempons ot sensations, Once those primis understandings othe senses ae pt ort tho wo can oxplare what prt of sensory knowledge pci, and ths wit pat of enematic perenne ae i eral imadicy {mode Percepton ad Eno Spetatsip lm is grape ot ely by on intellectual act bt byte complex purcaptio af the body a ele This ew of percpton implies sali toward the objec nti as fl, ota someting, ‘hat mat be anand and deciphered in order to deliver forth is ‘rang bat as something hat esi tl. tthe allowing ‘fer a theory of embodied vnualty tht reals our mince Tnionship wit the word ‘Often informed by «newly revived phnomennlogy, there of embdinent begin wit the promise hat our bie ar ot pasve ‘objects insribod” with neaning but ar soars of maaing them selon (Csorda1984, 7. This ot a deny the power of semis ‘analyz clowns nor the exitancs of cinematic cada? et ost 5 fap coomeen, ‘he Skin ofthe Fn ag any Let ws examine haw cinema may evoke the snes of ove by ap ling to haptic vnualty Hapic perception i usually defined by Pychologsteosthe combination of rl, inne and prope ‘pie facto, the way ww exprince toc th on the race ‘af and osido bois (for example eller and Sci 00) In haptic vial phe yes tenses uncon Uk organ of toch. ev te oat rors coerce at itrian Alo Ring tistincton between haptic and opis! aes. Rig borrowed the term hate from physloogy (rom hapten, often), ince the term tactile night he take fo erally as "touching er 063, 170) His sea a physologeal tr ida that ho was aa of tho experiments in the subetviy end pylogy of ion that aso Informed Bango. Like Berean be aun tat subjectivity iin ‘solved in perrpton:prcopion ures "therapplespentcy ter ‘enlion of hough oceans (Rg! 1927, a quoted ners. 7) i ually i tingle fom opal visaiy which sow } ins Eom enough distance to perceive the a ditt forms leper inter words, howto usualy onca of ston, Opt ‘al veut doped on separtion between the viewing wet the jc, Hap lnoing nds to move over the rac of ‘ject ae haf pungent stole dap, not ost gush frm so much fo duced texture mor Inlined wo move thon ofr, more nti to graze thn 1 gin am changing ‘Rls defltions somewhat Ha asocned the haptic image with ‘2 “Sarpones that provoked the sen of toch” whl the opel Sango invites the siwer to pace dopth, fo example, through ‘he laring of ekirescare (pea 99. 30-9. Most important in ‘Ri disincton ith lationship tho dierent Kinds of images cat with the viewer cate a biptc composition appeal o {wail comctions onthe sure pane of th image, tans a jective" character; bt un opti compotion give up is mate x physcal eet in oder to ie datnt ve tha allows he ‘Viewer to organize him/erel aa al-peretng bj (3. "To dtnglah mor ame Bi: o idea [or painting a pato raph muy off bpticingr ehil th term epic sual Plait th viewer lint to pacsv thon Th works po we toca api nite look that mows on he sfc ple of ‘he screen for some tebe the vow alos wha soba Isbeolding Such imager eo into figuration nly gradually i tll Coarsely haptic wok my crt anime fh det Sometines thrghs miriam, tit K evades a dane Wi, ‘nse pulling the viewer in clos. Suc ies ofr rach «pro “feration of figures hatte ewer persia the oxture a mch the objets imaged. While opal premption ge the rp resertational power ofthe image, pte perception plage the materi presene of the imags. Drang fae forme of neo ‘xparcnce, prima toch and Kinetic, hpi visual In volvo he boy mor thane he cas with opti visual. Touch isa sense etd onthe surface of the bod hiking of cea at Ip is only step toward considering te ways cen peas {othe body asa wee Te dire between bape and optical ‘euler of gre. In met procenes of seeing bath re Involved ina alta overeat om fro nese Ad clay ‘we ned both kinds of sults hard look loa ova shin with otal vision; tie hard driv a cn with hai vison ‘api nage re cualy sb of what Deleuze ered tas ‘optical images: hoe images thts "hi" an wali tht the viewer met bring his or bar rsourcee of memory and mag tin to complet them. The haptic image from the viewer to ntemplt the image sl stead of ing pllad into native, Ths it has place in Delo ime-mage cine, Optica vi ‘iu by contrat ames tht lt sours the viewer roles ‘email in tho image. Acoedgly th pte! image in Rig Sense corresponds o Deete's movement ago asf the ‘sion of completa that lends anf to aera. ‘Th haptic ug, ke oer snmvous mage, canes bo under ood. a particular kindof focton mage tt ends ist othe time-image inema Recall tat the affection mage, wil sly ‘tends ino action, may as force vaca and motone conta Dini in those any-spceeehstver dor rom ston. Tha ‘he haptic imago cannes lity to sense perception, while by sing the sensory-motor chem. A sansucns eng wth 4 ‘uci fr example ear image pur ection, prior oan ‘tesson into movement. Such an mage ay then be bout ato ‘he sensory-motor shams, bt end not be, Te tfeton-image, ‘hen, can ring usto te dee exper of ne gh the bod "nn, 0 Gop oH, z “Te Sin of he Fl api cinema dos ove entiation witha iguse— en ‘aryl reaction™s0 muchesitencourgers bail relationship ‘between the viwor end th image, Consequently. sin the mimetic relationship its nt proper to speak ofthe abject of haptic oak sto spouk ofa dynamic subjectivity betwen okt ad ia. B= ‘use haptic visual end lest ele and fas upon abject than sinply fo be co-presen with them t sem to correspond, ‘only formally to Thi 7 Minas example (fn Ressemblag, 10) of xpoaking nt sbout, but ery” the objet he ming Tn ovauing hap suai am suggesting that a saneveus sponse may be elicited witout sbatraction, trough the mit telatloaship betwonn the pecnver and a entuous object. This = lationship dows nt rogle a init separatin barn perce sl object tate medted by eprsetain, otic saya CaralBitereace ‘Though Rig was concaronto sow tha ulation betwen sensory ‘xginizaton and cultural expesian es ppm oa univerl dea ‘fa, be prosumod a telolgia development in which th hap tic must neces ive yt the opin order to ruiz he schivumans of Renaosncepeepatv, Thistle view re ule Rig] oSgnore optical soni Sn eae Roman pitng tn to otherwise eit the history of at. Tu tial the mote Inrotng to examin tho cultura ass that would have cated him os vale te optical over the hap. ‘Cultural difrene in the presentation of space ws of get Incest to Rogen some of hie contampoato, Tay needed oth totake hese difference into ceount an to arg thet European at wat supecor othe cultural eadtins Ral tent Will ‘Worvnge noted tht historians were having orev thi asunp tions won confronted by “elt of pt” (92h, Bi; uted ‘nm Lan ons 4o)~probebly the Noor Batern, Asa, Alcan, ane ‘Oanic that entered Eoropan marks in the wake of colonial sdrerare. Rig wat one of ever ar strane who wore orvaluating the ‘patil quan of sual at sound the ine tat he new medi Of enema was presage sodances wit the apparent phy al immediacy of the moving image log acd Adel Hilden a Dea nh fe ns, rth fn a rao hain spiny in at wh one to cll vats nt apn tion pce. So ror at stan ncag Sereno a] and Waving suo 54) wae ctl qaiy of vs. n he Perna Pas of the Reg ‘onc (ig Brennan ht he gully sl seat psig was "the power ostinato Uke Bergeon wld ys ra ve peyote wed hat ch the some le Peres) Tohmatsu css ‘repent tv and movment nh gion ee Sots othe vow Acne ater tao ee ‘coh ron ft nr sgl stnh a ‘Waar, “The timation oar to magation seks cenmnaa tho nporann tacos ins sea so menial toning sn than, by mg el Ses ved fry lan we were ean. toed ee of cape ose thrifty aval at ger cndred iio appeal the ewes Kn santas ore eo ction ens th terion ois pled ob But in ation ig ado inpertat dinton teen te mati attic opment an inne son ooptal pret wher we Worley ‘mt tn trvedinosoay ie Rg in rk sen aes Inc dear (hs. Thi dtncan be {ween one nto cult dies el agli oart treo te pl demise a gene ky a a and he iso ti pen, ere a pet ho haps ann apa whch Lal atest spare fend tele deringoe pan tte otal eye ol Ramana nh fsa «ct cnmctn tte aes so 78-7: ting Hn] 8) Hho elton te mona {nla Ramen when fen a ond Yc hay Secs ie 7) siting Rg i of dco atone wero ep, sing. od ocialy mel wer) md aorta Sire a ap oreo : F { 5 ; i “The Skinoftba Fl ith te = tsurtace bt x gus in pe, Optical images ao ‘ition of figure rom ground ad the abstraction ofthe gourd ‘Ra tad pea lustoitc Sarton iste, fr example, 0 ‘eat spin oh ifernce tween at Roman and B32 Thee nonc The evil ear plane of Rome mosict trom which niin bj wee iets taco andes ening 0 ocr enol wind iy Sreking werha de ogee ee depiction fi Sa pat pind hich pollo wee ea an und toward ini- tidy og 85,23) to not that tha ration obs sce yea. Saas ier to identify figures Dot as sui me t pow «be sn one ret irs in pn BY co ninth key ol om ce tation mae» tne! Sh od aa ela ebamcton wih wieat commence. Ab stand he eenion on ussite ica ne ae ay rh eeton of and exon san hat eit’ te i ee apron ako pose roster an be on ad aj ec lls the bole 9 magne samen es ype: ini orth be! ae ae whens wits, Reg ondestnng ot a eran erie mere arene chromate han rebut iter ost a ne ig rl mee Minton ado rt od a” OS Ein ral sae Rg observed solced wih sen agouti Te Baran tvs fe aera ed stwos hel hat bey aa eee dr pce nd the i tp aoe ing tpl bd" Babar ion that hn a etn body sem ob rece ne deepen ce tre pam tt mes th tec he eit mnr ons praetation an a ee aac noe ll eons! a ‘pte pce Is eon ‘The sae of opi 0 ictal, peste by th ale Roman tof the til an the hpt Both Rig] and Aerbach were tracing Ube Msory of sit in th tuo Wester gutive representation. According to Auer bach (05) nth Agua atom (or example, in tho Christian (ld Testament) th syntie charctrs ae figures tansoanden- {aleve existing not onthe horizontal plane of athy Beary but ‘he vrais five telco” Both ere concerand with thw the mane of reprosntation become more rupert node to sakan snsuous sponge in the viowe/istne. That is both dred how Wotan art cat achive sos iat to ‘objec thruph representation, aber tan hough ence Rig speck, aguod tht increasing absictio, or inceasng ens Immhip i the symbol, chracterins the history of Western at ‘Ar Margarot Teron (989 185-26) points out, Re tory of tho elton betwen eubjct ond objet based on Hep Att des in ht he argu that he increased deeboiment of pling, itsostene ns pur appearance alone, corsponds toa demo. inde! ropeenntd! by opal vison alae thi 40 enay ‘om the Dutch group poral Rie) wrote, “The bisry of mankind {to the present tlie this oar interme of two spe tires nthe beginning th conception hat etry subject wa at tho sare tine a ject i ony cet xi td hop where hore or arly any objet and oa single sujet” (quoted in Wren, 25ers’ tras). "Olvioualy ny proj ar contrat able with Rnghteeo- legal sasumptions. What thse historians of Westrn art an stature mara secon development wa in fc only peal of {poricla (lb lon) period in particular (claimed wx Wes fn) hor of rpreentationa pots. They ware unable a= owls aepct of Were a tht didnot Bit the ea ‘om lly thet wu founded in he Sst plac on sumptions of Wester cultural sues. Regs bas, for example eds his to ignore easy signs ofthe modernist evaluation of city. such ‘the vale brastrokes in works before a by ett uch (Go, Gera and Delete ‘Bath Riel and Auorbach wero wating abou hoe respocte ld onthe curp of modernise, which could be characterized s there uomot materiality othomodiums fart and rst. Pat boca i i 3 * ? i ‘The sin ofthe Flat ‘opaque ag, wor becarme dens, nd meaning came tal in te Saves and iatroubjectvereltonship between work and ‘Awe or rade, fer ndorais Its ease to ceive tha com {acta botony representation, the source of sensuous sanity thcwnon«aubjet an an ebjot or between two subcta Mean hp occurs inthe pysiea, earvous cota between two subject ‘alr, and x wel cous i representtion. Ts eurent intel Teen embrace of embodiment nd th acroase interest on, ‘ott In haptic and senso work, ropa Rie teolny of ‘Guembodind and slagularsbjocvity (or. Cone interprets Ries there genroul. they demonstrate asi in bis propre die {i} Tne noon ehango meet» revaustion of the ne Wester IS toor” Western cultural teins of material and eawuous ‘that Rig sas neo Deleuze and Guar proprio Rig dings to describ roma a” (appropriate to ha ies oft small, ptable etal Aros ofthe Ite Romans ad thei Barbarian conquer) whose ‘Nave of space is eutinget len, short-term, and lacking x umobile outside point of veleence (Deleuze und Gusta 987. “fa Re) dened the oft of gare groudinvrsion sal ‘eatry deal n Late Roman Az Inds 57 But where bo tenths il leptin of he abstract Tine ashe ast asp of ‘face lente prosentational stm before the rie of sin tide space, Doone and Guta take the eta Linea sgn of the ceeive yoo f wnfigrative ropesentation. “Te orgasim 1 enon oie they wt, whaeas the src ib i ie itt tear), Whore Rig jst the tc mage sp the way to raed sopresrttion,Delaze and Guat ee ia a ler {eeonntsonal tdiion. cca wih them instar os haptic Teyroventatin ns continued te val stratgy in West ‘Bough is usu related ono ations. Tatetngy Rng) oes Inily a carr of textiles. One can mapa the hours pen ines avy from the weave of a rtaight have mulated te art ister’ ew boot» sep vt tote way of looking Hie dxxiptons ewok the lay ofthe ‘Gas ono nono burly fguntve textures, The suze of vdeo {grroraly moc than Sin) etl ko a loosely woven fbr ‘ve come ar andl of wks that use images fibrict a Invite ¢ move tactile Kind of son, and to all peal memory to on specie cra knwligr soe wh spe ari Stour hey sks shoul ay me Aeter ‘nemo loa in aS Ind ear Beat tof) which th aris slacrntoly poms oom ler tre apt, wevng gtr wone fhm ‘cts poet Rin ‘omar Ala Aron sti lope ofa Ona Cth gn a nr I men te ‘es aw om might capt nd ata urn ‘Ting ts he pond er a cape crvering Pee och Tg serve eer of opreentaton in ton eo snip dened etre oth reson of Ween at ory Tey end las plnng lao Reman metaverse rt tl cenamert. One ct add Weer igh mtg tone such toda! Muninted manip Flemish ol ping fem the {foment cairo tn rari Scr terococ as of hoary Pcs woul el oct inn mi ay, ie or mt tn wre rec ty al Jong existed st the underside ofthe great works. sf oa ‘the dion ve tt tad ngs that nt nl caring ge. Urol et yh dere them cond {710 wand compotion, inpatient compet Inet pation ef he ewe Hawes camber eft ht thn hare engrave cine ooking tt more ‘pron ina et nen Seti A) nd Ne Se) sem way fig ection teh il et which Ah ee ingersver nen suc fis ated nn ld NB pn a rd pring ct ned i pale ertan purctam bt feadernetal nove oer Fr (og) popes htc ae Meta tt inst mle vil ouch er wc. ‘atin pope ere th yey fh ha re ir corn om tt rsd inpatient Ltn ineteesmatan aly hee me orton data hpi vialty semen omy a ‘he Sk fh il se feminin kind of veut to follow. for example gay’ ert that woman takes please mor ror touching than fom looking”, 26) Novels, ube than embrics the nti of tasty a feminine form of perception | peer oso the pte 1 sal tratgy tat canbe set dcr aleratve visual twodlions,inladig womens emit practice. rather than eminioe quai in pte. The sepumeats of historians ech Tal. Buck Mors and Shor supplant palate mls of vision ‘witha vsion tat ismore sient nd intimate Yo hoi arguments Aono call parade ferinine mode of vowing so mech ‘pot thn thse ways of vowing are aeaable and used diferently in tliflerent periods otra history of ce okingofersastraegy that en be called upon when ou optical eres fl =. api Cie tans i perce a ptm ban fet oth work Tiny anton ow ton, a of sean matty imaite isn can ves hep voi peru y emovng oo gor won woth movies Mae may tier tay tnt so pty bce of Inia or ell arsine wk db er ve Arch gual hh ower aya 9 ond Sty ena sre pros wc pected peroneal Tots jean pedo cho omergigfacinaton ith thon avon tet vio eth ewe’ ys ‘ep renpon (ng spntg7) ithe Roatio (ii mt nt he ial abet bt mati il

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