102 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BUILDING CODE (ACI 318M-11) AND COMMENTARY
CODE
7.12.2 — Deformed reinforcement conforming to 3.5.3
used for shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
shall be provided in accordance with the following:
7 given by 7.12.2.1 may be distributed near the top or bottom
7.12.2.1 — Area of shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement shall provide at least the following ratios
of reinforcement area to gross concrete area, but not
less than 0.0014:
(a) Slabs where Grade 280 or 350
deformed bars are used .................................0.0020
(b) Slabs where Grade 420
deformed bars or welded wire
reinforcement are used...................................0.0018
(c) Slabs where reinforcement
with yield stress exceeding 420 MPa
measured at a yield strain of
0.0018 × 420
0.35 percent is used ........................... -----------------------------------
fy
7.12.2.2 — Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
shall be spaced not farther apart than five times the
slab thickness, nor farther apart than 450 mm.
7.12.2.3 — At all sections where required, reinforce-
ment to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses shall
develop fy in tension in accordance with Chapter 12.
7.12.3 — Prestressing steel conforming to 3.5.6 used
for shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall be
provided in accordance with the following:
7.12.3.1 — Tendons shall be proportioned to provide
a minimum average compressive stress of 0.7 MPa on
gross concrete area using effective prestress, after
losses, in accordance with 18.6.
7.12.3.2 — For monolithic cast-in-place post-
tensioned beam-and-slab construction, gross concrete
area of a beam and tributary slab shall consist of the
total beam area including the slab thickness and the
slab within half the clear distance to adjacent beam
webs. It shall be permitted to include the effective force
in beam tendons in the calculation of total prestress
force acting on gross concrete area.
American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material—www.concrete.org
COMMENTARY
slab. Consideration should be given to strain demands on
reinforcement crossing joints of precast elements where most
of the restraint is likely to be relieved. Top and bottom rein-
forcement are both effective in controlling cracks. Control
strips during the construction period, which permit initial
shrinkage to occur without causing an increase in stresses, are
also effective in reducing cracks caused by restraint.
R7.12.2 — The amounts specified for deformed bars and
welded wire reinforcement are empirical but have been used
satisfactorily for many years. The area of reinforcement
of the slab, or may be allocated between the two faces of the
slab as deemed appropriate for specific conditions. Splices
and end anchorages of shrinkage and temperature reinforce-
ment are to be designed for the full specified yield strength
in accordance with 12.1, 12.15, 12.18, and 12.19.
R7.12.3 — Prestressed reinforcement requirements have
been selected to provide an effective force on the slab
approximately equal to the yield strength force for
nonprestressed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement. This
amount of prestressing, 0.7 MPa on the gross concrete area,
has been successfully used on a large number of projects. In
monolithic beam-and-slab construction, a minimum of one
shrinkage and temperature tendon is required between
beams, even if the beam tendons alone provide at least 0.7 MPa
average compression stress on the gross concrete area as
defined in 7.12.3.2. Any size tendon is permissible as long as
all other requirements of 7.12.3 are satisfied. Application of the
provisions of 7.12.3.2 to monolithic cast-in-place post-
tensioned beam-and-slab construction is illustrated in
Fig. R7.12.3(a).
Where the spacing of slab tendons used for shrinkage and
temperature reinforcement exceeds 1.4 m, additional nonpre-
stressed reinforcement is required to extend from the slab