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__________ Exercise 2.4
Tautology and Contradiction
1. Determine whether the following are tautology, contradiction, or contingent a. ( p
→∼p)^(∼p→p)

p ∼p p→∼p ∼p→p (p→∼p)^(∼p→p)

b. ( p ⌄ q ) → ( r ⌄ q )
p q r p⌄q r⌄q a. ( p ⌄ q ) → ( r ⌄ q )

c. ( p ^ ∼ q ) ^ ∼ p
p q ∼p ∼q p^∼q (p^∼q)^∼p
 d. ( p → q ) ⌄ ( q → p )
p q p→q q→p (p→q)⌄(q→p)

e. [ ( p ⌄ q ) → r ] ⌄ [ ∼ ( p ⌄ q ) → r ]
p q r p⌄q ∼(p⌄q) (p⌄q)→r ∼(p⌄q)→r [(p⌄q)→r]⌄[∼(p⌄q)→r]

2. Find the truth value if p and q are true and r s

a. ( ∼ p ) → r
p r ∼p ( ∼p)→r