Biomedical Instrumentation (IC-703C)

Instrumentation & Control Engineering

Model Question Bank
2020
Full Marks – 70 Time – 3 Hours
Group- A
Choose the correct alternative for any ten of the following. 10×1=10
1. (i) Biomedical sensors can sense the energy form of
(a) Electrical (b) Physical (c) Chemical (d) All of these
(ii) Ultrasonic waves are above
(a) 20 HZ (b) 20 KHZ. (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these
(iii) Which type of fluid is blood?
(a) Newtonian (b) Dilatant (c) Non-Newtonian (d) Bingham
(iv) Natural Pacemaker of the heart is
(a) AV node (b) SA node (c) Bundle of His (d) Purkinje’s fibre
(v) The frequency range of ECG waveform is
(a) 0.05 Hz-100 Hz (b) 0.05 Hz -160 Hz (c) 1 Hz-160 Hz (d) 10 Hz-100 Hz
(vi) The value of let go current in man is
(a) 5 ma (b) 9 ma (c) 16 ma (d) 21ma
(vii) The no. of electrodes required to record an electrocardiogram is usually
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 5 (d) None of these
(viii) Bio-potential signal generated from heart muscle along three dimensional axis of the
body is known as
(a) ECG (b) VCG (c) EEG (d)None of these
(ix) The valve at right ventricle is known as
(a) Mitral (b) Pulmonary (c) Aortic (d) Tricuspid

(x) Faster heart rate is known as

(a) trachycardia (b) bradycardia (c) draiycardia (d) None of these
(xi) Diastole refers to the
(a) maximum blood pressure (b) minimum blood pressure (c)maximum blood
flow
(d) minimum blood flow
(xii) The membrane of heart is known as
(a) Pleurae (b) Pericardium (c) Meninges (d) Peritorium

(xiii) A graphic record of heart sounds is known as

(a) Electrocardiogram (b) Phonocardiogram (c) ) vectorcardiogram

(d) Electroencephalogram
(xiv) The resting membrane potential is approximately
(a)+20 mv (b) 0 mv (c) -20 mv (d) -90 mv
(xv) Amplitude of EEG signal is
(a) 50 µv (b) 50 mv (c) 50 v (d) 50 kv
(xvi) Systole refers to the
 a) Maximum blood pressure

b) Minimum blood pressure

c) Maximum blood flow

d) Minimum blood flow.

(xvii) x-ray imaging combined with computer technique is known as

a) EMG b) CT

c) USG d) EEG.
(xviii) Computed Axial Tomography ( CAT ) measures the

a) Transmitted intensity of X-ray

b) Attenuated value of X-ray

c) Incident intensity of X-ray

d) Detector’s efficiency.

(xix) Half-cell potential is formed due to

a) metal-electrolyte interface

b) skin-electrolyte interface

c) electrolytic impedance

d) skin impedance.

(xx) The velocity range of Purkinje fibre is

a) 50 − 60 m/s b) 2 − 4 m/s
c) 10 − 20 m/s d) 0.5 − 0.6 m/s.
 Group – B
Answer any three of the following questions. 3×5=15
2. Explain the principle of sphygmomanometer
3. What is electroencephalography? List the brain waves and their frequency.
4. Define fibrillation & defibrillation.
5. What is SA node? What is AV node? What is the difference between them?

6. What is pacemaker? Give a classification of pacemaker.

7. Explain the working principle of ECG in brief.

8. What do you by bio-electric potential? Give a brief note of Na+/K+ pumping.

9. What is bio-electrode? What are the desirable properties of bio-electrode? What do you
mean by half-cell potential of electrodes?
10. What is Telemetry? Describe it with a neat sketch. Write the applications of it in the
biomedical field.
11. What are bio potentials? Draw an equivalent circuit for electrode-tissue interface and
explain it.
12. What is the principle of Endoscopy?
13. Distinguish between Fluoroscopy and Radiography.
14. Mention the classifications of Artifacts.
15. What is ventilator? What are the drawbacks of A.C.defibrillators?
16. Explain the principle of sphygmomanometer.
17. What are Microelectrodes? What is the frequency range of ECG, EEG and EMG waves?
18. Name some transducers that can be used for blood flow measurement (Aortic and
venous).What are active and passive transducers?
19. Distinguish Absolute and Refractory Period? What is the function of Cell?
20. What is the principle of working of Electromagnetic blood flow meter?
 Group –C
Answer any three questions. 3×15=45
21. (a) why is X-Ray used in imaging?
(b) Write down the limitation of X-ray.
(c) Give a brief description of CAT scan system and operation of CAT scan.
(d) What are the applications of Ultrasonography?

22. (a) Describe an indirect method for blood pressure measurement.

(b) What are the direct methods for this instrument?
(c) Write down a pressure transducer which is used in direct measurement of blood
pressure & describe its principle of operation.

23. What do you mean by EMG? Give some application of it.

What is EEG? Describe the operation of EEG system and the difficulties in recording EEG
signal. Give some application of EEG.

24. What are the desirable properties of bioelectrode ? What are the leads of ECG? What is
Einthoven triangle? Prove the Einthoven Law .Give description of ECG Instrumentation
system.

25. (a) What are the problems encountered in a hydrogen electrode?

(b)How can we overcome from these problems by using Ag/AgCl electrode?
(c) How can the partial pressure of O2 in the blood be measured by pO2 electrode? Why 0.7
V is applied in this electrode?

26. What do you mean by Biomedical instrumentation? Discuss in brief with generalized block
diagram of biomedical instrumentation system. What is stimulus? What is the significance
of action -Potential in medical field?

27. Describe the process for generation of X-ray with a neat sketch. Mention the important
control system of X-ray generation. What are the applications of computer in medicine?
Describe the data acquisition system of CT? 4+5+2+4
28. Draw the block diagram of synchronized D.C.defibrillator and explain its working. 15

29. Explain with neat sketch anatomy and physiology of central nervous and peripheral nervous
system. 15
30. Explain the Principle of operation of an Ultrasonic blood flow meter. Explain the origin of
different heart sounds. 8+7
31. Draw the block diagram of Computer tomography scanner and explain its operation with
emphasis on image reconstruction.
32. Explain in detail about the basic principle of Thermography. With neat diagram explain the
different parts of the Thermal Imaging system.
33. Write the principle of NMR? Explain with block diagram the MRI. Write down the
applications of MRI 5+5+5
34. Explain with neat sketch anatomy and conducting system of heart. Also discuss cardio
vascular circulating system with block diagram.
35. Draw the block diagram of automated electro sphygmomanometer for blood pressure
measurement and explain its operation?
36. What is an Endoscope? List the types of commonly available endoscopes with schematic
diagram explain the working of endoscopic laser coagulator.
37. Explain with relevant equations the working and measurement produce of Plethysmograph?
38. Draw the structure of a living cell of our body and explain in its constituents detail.
39. Explain the working of Piezoelectric transducer as arterial pressure sensor. Explain how Piezo
electric transducer produces Ultrasonic waves.
40. Explain any four types of surface electrodes in detail. Describe in detail the needle-electrodes
and its types
41. Write the short note (any three). 3×5=15
(a) Blood Pressure Measurement
(b)Electrical safety of biomedical instruments
(c) Cardiac Arrhythmia
(d) Pacemaker
(e) MRI scan