Follow US style and serial comma

Edit language for grammar and clarity

Edit for style inconsistencies and basic style aspects

Background: During the last two years, anorectal surgery has been strongly affected and even
surgery for urgent cases cannot be scheduled, also patients with IIIthird- and IVfourth- degree
bleeding hemorrhoids should be treated conservatively. The aim was to evaluate the
effectiveness of sclerotherapy in those patients who had to postpone surgery.
Methods: We included all patients with third- and fourth- degree bleeding hemorrhoids to
underwent undergo outpatient sclerotherapy. The Visual Analog Scale and the Hemorrhoid
Severity Score was were used at the base- line, at 4  weeks after the procedure with telephone
interview, and all patients were outpatient evaluated 1  week, 1  month, and 1  year after the
treatment. All pre- and post-operative data were recorded.
Results: From October 2020 to November 2021, a total of 19 patients with third- (12 pts; 63%)
and fourth- degree (7 pts; 37%) bleeding hemorrhoids were enrolled. The mean operative time
was 4.5  minutes, and no intraoperative complications were occurred. One case of tenesmus and
three failures were detected. Six months after the procedure, the overall success rate was 84%;
despite at the end of the study period, all the patients enrolled reported persistent bleeding. Of
these, five patients (26%) were scheduled for surgery and eleven patients (58%) refused surgery
and asked to underwent a re – do sclerotherapy.
Conclusion: Sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam is a safe and effective procedure also in
IIIthird- and IVfourth- degree bleeding hemorrhoids. The long-term data on the length of the
foam remain to be evaluated in additional studies.

IntroductionINTRODUCTION

In recent years, complex hepatectomy combined with vascular reconstruction has become
increasingly common due to the development of vascular reconstruction[3]. The removed blood
vessels could be replaced with various materials, such as autologous veins, allogeneic blood
vessels, and artificial blood vessels. Meanwhile, the development of robot-assisted hepatectomy
technology further promotes the development of precision surgical techniques[4]. Robot-assisted
hepatectomy with hepatic vein reconstruction has never been reported. The present study
reported, for the first time, a patient who received robot-assisted resection of liver S4 and partial
S8 with reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) by using a ringed expanded
polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft successfully.

Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is the most common orbital and intracranial manifestation of
neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), typically presenting prior to age of six 6 years, although
symptomatic tumors have been reported in older children. (3) OPG-NF1 are generally benign, with
approximately half to two-thirds of OPG-NF1 having minimal tumor progression. One-third to
half may have significant morbidity, mainly vision loss and endocrine abnormalities. (4-6). A
number of reports have included both NF1-associated OPGs and sporadic OPGs. In contrast,
sporadic OPGs (not associated with NF1) more frequently progress and have a worse prognosis.
. Any portion of the anterior and posterior visual pathway, optic nerves, chiasm, optic tract,
(7-9)

and hypothalamus may be affected by OPG-NF1 . (10-12) The largest US-based multicenter
retrospective study to date looking at vision after chemotherapy for NF1- associated OPG
included 115 patients. Our center participated in this study. Of 115 patients,- 88 patients and 168
eyes were able to be evaluated for visual acuity (VA) outcome.

Visual field testing is an additional visual measurement that should be attempted in cooperative
children. Basic confrontation field testing should be performed at office exams using finger
counting or toys as able. In patients with known optic gliomas, kinetic visual field testing is
helpful. Goldman visual field kinetic testing may be performed, as it is easier for young children,
but there is still great test–-retest variability (3). It is important to be cautious in interpreting
results and repeating if changes are seen with this subjective test.

Budd–Chiari syndromeBCS is defined as ‘the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow that can be
located from the small hepatic venules up to the entrance of inferior vena cavaIVC into the right
atrium, if a right heart failure or constrictive pericarditis has been excluded’ (3).
As highlighted by Gallo G and cCo-aAuthor in their recent national report, proctology was one
of the most penalized surgical specialties during the outbreak, and benign anorectal disorders
have been dramatically postponed. Indeed, according to their recent study including 1,050
colorectal surgeons, it emerged that proctology, surgery for benign disorders, and inpatient
practice were reduced or postponed with an increased liability of malignant disease [22].
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients
A total of 80 central nervous systemCNS injury patients were enrolled in this study, 30 of whom
underwent contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery via the prespinal route through the anterior
edge of the contralateral longus colli from June 201108 to December 2019, and the remaining 50
of whom had received the same surgery via the prespinal route through the middle of the
contralateral longus colli from January 2020 to December 2020. There were no statistically
significant differences in age and gender at scanning within the groups that were to receive
brachial plexus MRI examination. Prior to the examination, all patients signed the informed
consent form for the current study, the protocol of which was approved by the research ethics
committee of Shanghai Jingan District Central Hospital.
The scanning parameters of T1WI sequence were as follows: FOV 240 mm, tThickness/interval
3/0   mm, rResolution 288  256, TR 582   ms, TE 6.7   ms, and those of 3D CUBE-STIR
sequence were as follows: FOV 280 mm, tThickness/interval 1.6/0   mm, rResolution 320  224,
TR 4,750   msS, TE 179   ms. Each patient’s the brachial plexus MRI images were carefully
evaluated.
From all patients, the lengths of the anterior, middle, posterior routes were automatically
measured using Image J software (Table 1, Figures. 2 & and 3), so were the contralateral C7
nerve included angles of the three pre-spinal routes (the anterior, middle, or posterior route)
simulated at the level of the superior margin of the cervical 7C7 vertebra on the preoperative
T1WI sequence (Table 2, Figures. 4–5).
A total of 144 patients were analyzed (mean age 51.3  ±  22.9  years, male 50.7%). Diabetes (odd
ratio 3.684, 95% CI 1.256–10.810, p  =  0.018) and operation time (odd ratio 1.005, 95% CI,
1.000–1.009, p  =  0.029) were independently associated with postoperative lipiduria, while age
(odd ratio 1.034, 95 % CI 1.003–1.066, p  =  0.029), body mass index (odd ratio 1.100, 95% CI,
1.007–1.203, p  =  0.035), and operation time (odd ratio 1.005, 95% CI, 1.000–1.010, p 
=  = 0.033) were independently associated with postoperative hypoxemia. We identified several
factors independently associated with postoperative lipiduria and hypoxemia in patients with
fracture undergoing surgical intervention.

We collected urine samples within 24  hours after the operation to determine the presence of
lipiduria. Approximately 5  ml of urine sample was mixed with 5  ml of diethyl ether (E Merck,
D-6100 Darmstadt, F.R. Germany), and the mixture was centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 2  minutes
(Figure 1).

In this study, we demonstrated that diabetes and operation time were associated with
postoperative lipiduria in patients with fractures undergoing surgical intervention (Table 2).
Moreover, operation time was independently associated with postoperative hypoxemia (Table 3).

We collected urine samples within 24 hours after the operation to determine the presence of
lipiduria. Approximately 5 ml of urine sample was mixed with 5 ml diethyl ether (E Merck, D-
6100 Darmstadt, F.R. Germany), and the mixture was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 2 minutes
(Figure 1).