Mode | :~ Sate ee ape Eee Lede tm Tidvoduction tp ethical venoig K orgicerng ctus, Toute of mele 7 profession - Own sel viens vs Public viens. eee a trios in ot Basses eee eee 3) Professional vs. Peséore! Yi - 4 What is ethics. a sees oa 3 Situochions ethical issues fox engineers, iss Understanding —dlighnetion tengo wa moms & lows. A) Opinions dgements - Can be base cus ethics on opinions Q_judoments” * i i g An ou View of ethic theosies 3] Which theory should ne we 1] he clossic cme on omg. ethics - The Abemleon Treo \ —_r—_ x - Herbert Hoover (views on P huanit bi ‘Te Get lily of the. compawed fo men of other preokasions ig thot hig works awe ovt_in the open whese oN con gee trem. Hig acts step by atef) ove in hawk Bostone - He _ comnoh by hig mishkes ” ei like he. doctors - He Cannot omve them into thin Sir ox blame jro pice like. layers oo.” He connor like the _folitican , geveen his Shortcomings by bari hig opponents & hep trot _ the : ecple wil Aoeger “The neers simply cunt deny thet he did t. TP" his works donet pork,” he is clement fewer”“Pew engineess viery _themsas + - if Pecoviem soNers ass eed ete enjoyable , - ty ot Pa ._benetit je ae een _ public. views 2m eL rept ineers s0lO Enyineess 0s Posrhvists Anplieh Physica! sciertios _ A_gociol_apgroch. - Eegicsess ore. dsivers fox comes. technoley | Vio nce A _fublie soxviee f2 f to thew _benetit = Engg provides most freedom of atl _ professions, Rechional VQ systemahe (Flosman 1976) anproaches “te paw blem solving - 4. 13 an _henesoble tend +o aliorate, tre ae _fisvfession._ Fem public becouse of technicalthes J = Geneso) pubic ot lego me nok Lydewstand that technica) 185424 moked jn it But At ig a ore, weporsibitig & ae Fos ences 4 trarsete. sermon into something whith iS usable which 13 the benetit of public. cum bye.oe Why Et Eihes in Bgeng! Fhe Notional Spey of Protersional __widely _ wecagnined. jedt gry —bedy _of | ines (NSPE) ig most ineexs whoh decide, the “ puesal\” “stander coddy of _ ‘isda fos ail the _ neering, Professions in US Q Serves 23 a seforencd _ ~ peint Ye other _bodiok in world. ee “She Proamble of NSPE. code of conduct for engineers (ee0t) grotes gro) times vecggn 2 thet their peimory. e obligation ig to frretect _satety care property oma welfare. ae pablic «oP thei _puofessional _gudgoment- fg neruled under Crrcumstances where the _ safety 5 hee He property os netfero _ of Public ave endangosed. they shall _ neh evo employer _ or Client Ond —gueh ether autthonty as me be apprepaote... Egoesnis occurs ot confluence of TEehrotgy : Peial Merce and = — ig _ i done people. vard and for people ———— ineers _dlerisions reve a impoet On ol) thsea reo in influence. a — The _pudlie norture of an Crgineers Work, ensues that ether wil) alwors pey a sole. { = = Thuy it becomes impoxtemee for engineers +o make “308, thot intenest of Gey tobe 2 OPPectek _preveils _ over” ther interest opt teign't_a cleewe boundary beeen the two : - Pessoal _ethica deals nit how vo Treat others _in Oe _oby_ te lives - - = Profersional ethics often _invoNes _chdieas _on an 07 ngthione| level athew than a perioral! level. Mary of problems wil) seer —_oliPfesent- beciiag: they _ involve yeladhonthips between no cooporatons teincan 0 cospershion & fre government _ ox__beteen _cosposahons & gsoup_of _indivickal. — Wrot is Eyyineering Etnica - Yee Accowing fe Mowtin and Svhinsinaer C1986) ‘ethics elie to TD the Gridy of moo issue, And _dlecigions confronting Tmdivicuals And Oxganizechong _ invoNed _in_enginesrr 4. gu D he gudy of _ 20) —entiens about ‘howe! CLonduct- : Chocractes e pelies G_slotionships of people and _cospesctins involved in technoleg oo! activity . oe Giucthors of Ethical jso4en. | Corcepialisation —_, Design “Texting, peneicony ley, Sento. a Supesvision & Paget seo, Jotnes Fells where > Project __tnelines & payers: [ etnes ave cxihtel zy 5 i rs \> _Hedica) > __ Expectations —_, opinions” ie a IS “gt” 3) Products + Unsafe or less > Desgned _for_ obs lexcene(Opinions NS Shevemens - eeyreomies thet ove a motes of cover | _Theomes that niill_ be comsiclered ere: 71 Dtitttesanism Seok, to prvelue mesh utiliy dehined as a balance, bet” ened & bad corsequences of an Action, toking into /e athe “pnsequences fos _aeyme afterteol. Ex. Building “CF laws. 3) A ditteront appscech is _eroviolesl by Athies) Diy otis _coterda just hese re duties por Shetek be __prerformed _ (Ex. dhity to teat _pthers —Biisly ow duty net to _inguwe others ) ___sepasdiess of wheter there oats lend to mest __ goo. 3 Rignr etnies _omphaszes twit ve oll hale. _ moval Ggris and. ary action tet wiolstey those WghIS _in__eggly " wvoeeervovle Lke duty elroy, re _ultimete _ ovewanl geek oft adhons ig not 9 Nivme ethos wd action as gant ther manifest goock chosectoy roits Cviwves) “Arc wexpisds ohms ay back ther Gisplay back choroetes yoni (views, nig _elnioal theory fowses on “hpe_ of —fersen me shewll_ciyve fer to be» - One ma Wpes of — UbNitamianigm 2— al Act _ubilitasianiom fouwea on individual actions gather jan 3) Rule _utititoaioniom in holding ret” mowal eulen On wiles ane _most” important “Tete rules irwule ‘donst paar others! and “donot steal! Cattem of Utilitamon — Appaech 7 : 3 Sometimes wre ig best fox everbne my randimte pe bad for |__pastieules individtal ox group of inal yiduols, 5 Proves oojacton —to7 utiviowianiom fa tet hs implementation —_ dares : ty on Kepeies whet will tea to most Grd. Preguenty, MmPePNS te bnew ertetly nrot he _couegvences gf an Schon ove -ove. benahts. Ony those projects with cous tl —b@__implomente . “This principle fs similar te _ulitemen Gerl_of mening ee good. = " Gg Day oie : Dey otis & wgnts etnies ove simiey 4 arch other & wil be corsidexed together. i _ uv There theories holt rot those actos ayo goodk _jnad 30s pct tre Fights of _indivisluell. Here ood aomeqiensos of Society 93 a _wrele one no __ ony _mosal_Consideswinon. - Rignio Omnicd uv Regt otnics —gtokoment tre pumas hee wight te Ife | libexty and nN posophrach in declemation of ~ indenendente of _ soon ~to-be USA in FRG: Rahs Oris holds ner poopie have fundumerte) _aghrs __trat_eter _pesple howe duty to raped Viren. Nixtve @tnics io interes in dletesmining not! kindk of people we _ Should _be- Gg : Mirwe is _ often. _definesh 03 meso alistinchon & Goer: A_vistwos _ —_pleston exhibits crek R beneficial quositien _ a —Tr__foenrer _on ~ novels euch _%4 _yoporsibi ry, hearty competare , Be teyety prion awe isles : :Outline. + tet — - - = = a 3 Enginessirng 08 a _pvofewion: ae; aL i Z Dit. in ineering & other professions - Bitcal — dilémma ' 3 Code of onic = 2D heat code of ethics ig OK _ $] Essertialities of a code of etna. J Aase of codes. J Ethical _gelettivism N Cases Bx chiscusion. 2] Coole of ethics tow epyineens in Tre, —_——— + Profasion. Peofession ase tose occupations thet __botn _seguied _aolvome ed ctudy & mestory of a _gpecialned ody of _kromledtge & undlesmke te promote , " ensure on Sehoquorch Some. spear” of others y' - being gd Pirsibuies of a _prefession Wosk that sequises _ophistcoted skills’, we of grpprsan Ste Seercice of dlserchon - Also wosk is pet gouti copable oF being _mechenizeol. = oe in Open” wequises extensive fostna) _ edbieaction Sienply neti ‘eon “Reining cy Opprentceshin .Fhe public ollons special _gosiehes ox _¢ ~ corttsolled by members _ of _funfession. to _“set ofasion to seh alandewds of _ Segerect rAd to Malki BgniBeant dtecisions — bred on Torre) raining & experience. In gener! the denisions wit! __ have. renple’s “ves & will often have _imperent— f Serio” imps _on inp Niccthions repo the sperdieg of lage. amount of a a Deesoron _jywolves icy disses in _perfeemare of _eve's oben, by ng infermution U oboe customer, chionts & fahents_ Conidental’ This centidentolity —ig._—easerrhal fbr i — comeene engendering ° welethionship, & ig a “hails oF professions . Ore “thing ner merhoned jn ottaibutes of sion ig the Compenention received by 4 onal fs his _ Senvi'ces. Although mest ‘enol: tend 40 vely well compensated >be ny Py is rch SFicient cendiition fos grofessional aes a Engineesing _% O Profesion = : arora & ophisticcied skills. “The exsenee of £983. _devgn 1 __gudgement i how to we _ewilkble _meferals _ Components & dedeei 4o seoeh a apectied. obectve. Decseron _is og. i “0b + Eng ase soquised te _keep their Cmpoyers or clients —_jfelllectual pepe & wires inPermertion— : _Etnics! Dilemmas - = Ethical _(Os_mevel) dilemma awe _ait __ comes into __ conic os in whieh _ con opplicethons of Moral valuer ome uneler -& it ig por immediately _obvio» _nhat” should be. done. — Ethical alilemmas axe in od elsanhere | became mosol values ase many ord yorieck GQ cor make competi clims. yet, anltheggh moral _ dilemmas _compwise most olifReulk ond Poor Mora) _ Tearoning they conthhte a selodivel: email poscerteye. of mem) cheicey’ ie." olecisions involving moze) ‘values - - Code of ethics serves 28 Bee Sos meselvipg _efriced dvlemmny _ Qode of Ethics. : - These ase rer Vimitedh to Professional osganigatiors . They com also be found in cosposathons & universities a3 nell. i - Were codes _expwess the _nighis | oluties obligations oft members of _fupfarsion- Gv : ese qoovisles a Poomenesk for etnical judgement fos professional. ue - Codes sosves a8 & Sowhing point Fos eyhies) decision maki - A code olefines _ voles ¢Y vespersbiliies of Grschasionels . Wher a code of Otic’ jg not a "d+ {6 rer a vecipe for ethical behaviour ; ir ig ony Foamencsk for ensiving at Ahico) choices. ea 2 See ebniow” lg peer substihte for sound. —pedgerent- A_codo of chicas is rot 4 lee olegument. : - A cede of ethicy chem enent® non mSe0!_o Aiea) Principles. -aoe ___Right-Nwong ox Geiter-wesse. Ethiced _clikemmes clivioted” inte _two__estegories . On the one mary __olitemmas ene selurhons thot are etter wight Rignr' Umeans hut one cose oP eehon 16 obligate /& Fails te do thet action ie unethical — Cimmose) 5.7 Dn’ pos} _materces 0 _apote of ents Specifies _wheth 1852 cleo y ey = Obey _ tre tow & need nig sheckler - Et ec = dons offer oy _owcept~ “bribes oo ~_epenk & weite tout fut qeirtain conficlentality & so fortn. On the other Ferd seme ofilemmas hove two os mere, reworedle Solutions | no one of whith ig _mancleteyy , bur one of which _ @revid be chosen - “These _ soctions mgr be beter os worse then others seme x5 pur a eanee Ys. Code oP tices — Reson one of conPlict uaa Code of obnics pley or emhr erserth'al goles = as 3 Sexi & protecting’ tne pobre. eee EERE EEEEEt Z] Prov acolo z 3B offers inapsorton. ee A ertonnidc I Slandesoly i 7 3S euppornns” aespensit\e professionals , ayj J seni E_pecty te ponies : Gece at ax a commitment posfession, "8 os eels. Yhot epiceers _wiill__sexve_ ulin healt, safety ond wellwe.- Hea 2 Guidoree- Codes provides _ helpful. Gums by _axteulohing Main ob yyphions_- of eppiocers ‘ame _ avian shou be to__be ~ effective they T per rostty —_ gene! __gridorece J GO 7 Sasivotion. Coslar peovidle a positive Stimubs (imnetveton) fox __ ethical) conduct | St expmeme> a collective commitment to public. ped their inapises edviavels 40 reve _sinlar _Capieshond Shased —_shandersol. he _divescity of mora! wionpoints —_ AMong indivioluod jreex ake it! Ogervhal that _puofessione SO eave h ae atandowds in __pashou leur mininum (but hopeful high) - Blondesds Tin Yhig vey the public, _i assured corded sp ewellewa’ on whith if con doperd , & poofessionils ase _previdec, a Bis _pleying Field in competing, for clients Y Y 8] Suppost fos. sespersyble pisofessiona Codes Died flostive. upper to » jens _ seek to_act- Ahiaatly J Codey can potentaly eaves 130! Suppo for! enmneess —_ othe} A fos nigg up to nos k= selerdedt profeasi eb\gations iz re_ Edlucetion &_ mutual understanding . _ : : __Codas aun Ee Be —amergy professionals, _| the _ public tee gut: ersgan\zohons about re mown) _ a eaporeibility of _epsiigers oo ¥ Delesseree. & Discipline. - Codes can alo seme ak -Rymal —_basig for eo unethical —cenduch Where guch —jnveshgathbn ig possible a deessent for immosol behaviows “ig thereby pizovidlek Such an inventgothion genesalt mequives Pasaleae pscecadtings desaned to gt or V the truth about A gen oo pitrou violoting” personel rights of those being invesntareol E_ Contsiteting tothe profession's image . - _ Codas cad poesent a posite _ image, to _public _ of an Arveoity committed. [Weersion _ Whese yerateck re. ine Com "help engineeys More olfectnely serve the foe! Tr can oO Rin arcade forers “of _ self Noto fox _Protession —_itsett_, One isms demand 85 mere. gout Teulotion. “The venue. rcession _,_lke the _ weputehhion _ on individual! meal or a sae at ‘ig aerial _ in Susrinves Amst ok the public.~ emourt fea Kind of Windom —“dseising trod _athretaby __inexeared- - z — Probad!: the wosst abe of engin codes is +0 Tene: honest moval —_offfoxt- &H an pest of individual Spacers yo pureyes ve the frefassion's pubic image and pee _ the ‘pots gue. s = jo wit keeping a shi pubhe. image. rmey silence _ heathy dialpgue. &_ostidism. Ethical Reletvisen = Ove view is tat cody ty to par inTO__ Woes —_ obligations thet akeady exist whetres os not the code 3 watien. codes ne Be ae thot le “of prvkessinal ehrios collective weepgnction of the veanonaibi lites, individual proch:horere "5 2 Y code comer be tae in cook beck fashion to __weaslve _complex psotlems "but mata trey cme Vloluable in outlining the fectoxs fo be Consictesea\.” - Michael Davis CNseseeed 4 In “his view , codes oe _coeverhbns estob\iched within V qwofessions jo _fwomete _qub\ie, peck hs ck “trey axe mow) auiboviboine he cade Heel vgenemntion obviates + “a code of Ahicd , ig 08 ach nei _mesely 2 advire os ag statement of aupisohon. Tr is a Serckesd conduct, which _goresally wenlize im __preachice, of fretasion imposes a most! aehon On eech @ member of he _protesion fo ace oe Oy, :_Medule 2 Outline ef the. J. Professional a Corbidlertiarity — & Deaton “Tfosmehon —_Wrot types of infowmetion Brevik be kept corfidertal & And wey © 7 3 Confiict of interest - “Hpes & row to ovoid the gituahons of J eonticia BD Comperitve _ bidding 3 Rips of om. Spgeees — in a (aS sae ae - Despite re foet _tra codes of ethicg of professionel amen __ Secietes _cleariag Clensy _peint ov the _ weaponsibilities of. on Onginees the ~ cocles don't __oligeuas wry ofthe _professione! prs Het Sipirete: ergey. 4 eno nees os addy to peotect the _ Piublie. by _ blowi the Whistle “if _ necessery When he. fee Ee thet Semeth improper _ being dene "in Wis ee Vhas a ign Yodo Ting even if his etiployer oa es bod $5 w the oegomisprtion - _ Psofersional _vesnorsibitities of an ens = ee A) Corfidenhality & Proprietary a kien. B]_Conflicr of _inteses q Competing _didding, ey tcolleaee ey Ton epi, Bm “tak jolked, about _ fen a 2H pneem ©a eatery & Poopmetony —Tnforrmom. ae of she“ avyonly _of profess rol og shoul! __requisanert - keep _cestoin _ infosmetion of thei . Combiner of intesest= - — A atthe, of corfiiet of _intevest arises when an _intowar iF - fessued _, could _ keep) _ frcfessional fom mestg ove of his - - Bamle, Te chief omminces nn __is entrusted with _seyperspility 7 to eoloct bas bid’ for” Constwuchion quer by the govh. yon its on _compary bidding Rw _ the _ Same _prr7jech — Or Obioe care of acted conbet of jrttevest ie “Hpes of _conPliey” oft _jmesest_2— a : = Reel _confiets of _intewest™ zs = Potential _conPliet” _oF_inteweat An _enpyneos _decoming Friends niin _ cement _qupplier Fans : i auld 50 Gewce lead to a compuomisies, siucchon. intexest- 2 _=_Appeosonce of a. conflict of Aa ines Creating _ Sepersne designs because he. paid the 2 & a ‘in percentage, of freer cost of Oerionn . jar rn Maki to He me) end _ue Sj Neay Expense sexys orn loge fee. t Preiating cov Plio oft inteves = Follon ye guider, _ of company policy —_ Take. pins Prom _Mengsps. os CO-voker é eee = __Vee, yous _envry Grpement i7 _. 5 Bide — — Tepe ee ding Mia al wore phen a _contyaching firm selects From We tre __ competi vendors os coMteactrs _ vino hee submitted “diols fox _a _pivoyject — | Fees are werhricted Peo _ competitive _biold Tae Nowiey | wenions -— “Ths seans foe undignified. for _& fabfession like errs) Whith haa the peterni ro impact go_mary lies: = This would _ make he" price" jhe most _impeetonth and =o determining factor fey _contoets which ould lend te _@ngineers cating, “cogners on design wosk & could ultinedy indertmng ergieders! lay, te fuciett _are_anfoly Belfer of the public Rights of an jnees — These ore _ basic Fundemertol yphis’ a4 nol Vike the apne to. Pevec) the _agnt to __paehoinete _in activites of one’s OW _ Chossing outside” of oat, the gt +o remoraby object to company policies withert fons Sa ae opt te dee _poocess - == = __Ps_fes Morin & Schinz poses 2000 ro meat fundanors) Kh of on neers mee the ~ Yay of Professional conscience . The ~ignr 4 Onphy ene fruofesson: > ye while. aise olution » “The mgrt to whistle _ blowing, / oe — Whistle _blowir OCLs” when an _ empleyec, Vinfooms the _pudiie cor higres menesement of uneliical ox jilegal _ behavious bei o g o sarees Cf aes on employes _ os ___supenviser. = — Engineers undoubtedly _ havea duty te protect Ke reat oF he a publie Tn” arn) owes neers be compelled to te whistle a eget aes ¢)= Whistle “benny could be_ > extreme _ ot “ian aes ___iwiete __ Bont — a = * Sh __dererdda on ganizehion “elimerle of the eet nhisHe blowers we protected, o__ner- — - whrste blowing occa when the empleyee who 1S __ whiste Yehues +p reveal hig name when mak a\lesnons. “This can be done by ending a mail ox an __ ao memo +> __ upper Manogement- a ~_ Ackrowjediged _whiste __ blowing ocdixs when the empleyeo Fe cut ne _accusmhions openly Q is willteg 40 _nithstiond . the. inguivy brougnt on by s__ccusarhons — Whistle blowing can be Very bad fer Foor corporations paint ot view bbtwe it can” lead to dishust a a inabitty of _empleyees ty _ nov. _ngeter. Wren WhisHe bloning should be attempted 7. : i D Need i- Make duve whist blowing tg. repuived “to _Qvoid. f prospechye: boom. eZ ee ; J Proximity i= Feo! rord Wrentelye. io ssortal _pefene_ you # biow the _vbistie. “The “things ghoul be _happeniay ine ; pocximity som trey can __be. detected os ~ exnletah. 3 Copebitity 7~ The ‘nnsite- blener must have _gertorable _ charee, of eucceS in stopping the _hawmful ectivity Der vet — vate owe it ison” option tet mith you - = Preverhiye _nnisile- bows (oo ~ These, Fon be a Steerg conposede We Cultime. Clea _Commitme mnizption. —cemnnmnkestion - Openness. canmusk neve _meaniagfiul aecess te _high-leve) _manogers ther coneesns fos ward: wid be” meee on the part of man __adeet mistakes, _pubdieby n a —— Outline of medule J Mening of mghis & sesponaibiliy ' a 1 a Duty Y of _conficlerhiatiy : = 3 he’ ceitesia for deciding he _COntidenttiol clowe. i what te of informotiok should be ken aofidterthol ® 3 Changi ps confidentiality & manggement _ policies. g Tutt eine fox confidentiality. u : ee B_Contiior of interest & sample _situshors efor _conPlict of _ivttesest- 3 An _ctical _corporete climate & its dletining feahse. J Right of _puofersionel _aonwcierwe conscientions vofuol & employee g agnis : = —— - gu Rignts A Responsibilives of an Enginees R aaa lego) _errhHement- tp have ox do somethin —Responsibitity i a okay os obligehon to_sahsfactonly pes fou m ov__complete _q “ task _(assignedt _by someone , or Creare by _ono’S Onn _prromise _of cixcumajances ) & Whioh has conseguent= 16 re auy Keep ste__Kept under _covers-_ - a Basically, it 16 ary _infesmeation ther the employer _ox _< wold like to have kept __secset to compete efPectwely eget ° bwiress rivals. could _ be _any herr. eee the company's business oy technical processes that ase nor __alseacly public = Krenlede. = . “Te catenin for decicling the contiderhal cluse - “Trove is no fixed enter” Tt ig hor on __ employer corsidess to be confidertha) shal) be ____ kept __confiidentho). ~ a __ Contidentatity & Chong gens ~The _sesponsibitit; . protect Fhe _infosmmahon dees ner ends nhon an employee _leoves the 4eb- Ff this yaa the eae then G a there would be no ney “to Pisehect —_infowmation. _‘Pseviows employees would _guick! GNe__owey it 4m Hoes new emplgers or peshaps fos price sel it to Competitors of thei __fowmer__empbyers- = Tee, the relertionshin, of oust between employes arc employee Tn wepowh to confiderrtiolity Corttinves — peyond the ftemal perodd oF Employment i -,—fiesmes__empleyess ave. _basweck _ infefinitely eo revelling _taade _ercets. “This " provides _& Clans th iNNuerwrhon of we Wey in Whoh 20f 3% oa) i : f_engineers _invelves_muich”_ rose _than _mere_Ieyalty UA! ovate prec employer.———— Contidernalt cand " Maropement “Poviet _cortencts thet “pce special = Like _refichors —_selatook tp __ employers, ete. tthe igsue in sersuch _corttyocts _threcden the _ ee Individuals te __pussue theis crews _ Pree. Ths ave net Saree an binding by the couwte ie fei vaee tM yoy. | a sonse of Prefasionel Besporsibility ameng thei stofP — jrat™ yeaches bend _mesely obeying the diveSfves of curser employers. [ Vushficertion fas Contidertratit = “The _prinasy _fushfiostion is tp __vepect the autonomy (freedom Se detesminedon) of individuals % cosposchons & +o oa “thers _legitimede _cortye\ __ over _ some. Pelee information cenceming” _themselven . = oe opine _ingjox ethical theovies see the importance of Quxtonomy whethes it 1S understoox in tepmy Of xtghtg te axtonomy duties +o BPE —_anectony the iy Cet in whitoaian etnies ) of rere anton os the’ virtue of opect fox ethers . — = 7 TTrsnorthiness lp algo ore of the Gushficedions fas mMaintaini: Conftertiatity oO = “There ore public__benehits in Tees sine conticertialily “seletiershins 2 nell __mithin _prcfaysjonal _ comerSisiasace ae oe eo Aiea ee So = Prchasional — conic” of _jatereat” _ase _gifwerhors where frofesionals __ hove an tomes tt ia pussued. gre keop them. Foor reveha thers obligarrons, _ F_theiwe employers or ClientS. — Conder about _Coniets of ivtevest _lOagahy certsey on _theis potenti te distest_good __gudyanert i” Foiteully Seong On employes er __client @ : = Exesoising _ good _ fudyement _means _ovsriving Se polis orn Hae basis “Ze Cocnesrise ug ¥ Cok te Merely Fallon { experienc ay Onn iy simple wiles ¢ ib - ConPict of irtesext”_anch__ Oot intesats. ConPiieting —_intevet means _o vot hay to os More _lesivos thot earner ai’ be Sehafied given the ciscumsjances. Bur these. ig no Sager prot Fig rrewally was} — ox__ problematic to Tey _quassuih them a. But ia __preofersire) _—_conPhier of intewst tt ig often physically os t economically _ fessible te. parene on of the contishay ittemats Dar ___ dbwiv 60 would be __ mowally problemen oa Bomple. i ons for conPlier of inteest 7— f Gifts babes ee Ord kickbacks. 3) intoser in _odmes _ companies. 8} insides infoomeron = fin Ethicol _Cooposote Ciimote: : CAviyonment fhoq Fs luc : = An einjenl ef climads js| a. nest conducive to mosally eANorsible —__Witwin _ componcttion> rig & combination of formal epgarization. ord policies _, informa) _tsoditions & proactten persone! aries. and committer eg == es _Rignrs of Engineers - __=_Engjineess __ have Severo _ typen of mosel | »— ion wt ____ Bmetimes _ereslanping _Categorios _of __hunan , employee , contencual __ &_ professional ans. ca aco = AS human engineess reve fundamental wignts to live and Freely pursue Leis legitimote _ intexerts which implies fox ex, Fights net +o pe unfairly ace disemiminetek agains an iH employment on the basis "of Sex, sare or ye eee ) Dey ethics, ES) Nise Cthied a) Ree, _ethien Utilitarianism - : that _sosve | ~ _Dhiitezioniam __ holds yhet _ ttese actions awe _ goo OU Emphasis aia in uh Viterrianism te maximize nummen _ wie being. isnot _ ow Meingies the” _well- of individual bur _sother on mening the — Keli-beng of sBcicly pao nrole Qias seh ig someyinet of a _collettwist _apptoaeh . — Ex. Bailing of arms, - Tors a Vawies +o bolance tne needs oF Society _ wit _@ecls oF indiviclues. Pnasis of gsues while soWing etal _prFoHems _ __ The _igsuen _ivwolva it undessinadieg etal _paoblems opi inte Hee ? AL facta B_concophial Bh Hesa Factual issued, . knonn abou a cme- ie. nhot the Jeers Tr _ involves _ what ig actally ave: Atos thig _covwept Seems Shaightfisward , Piety of a porhevkce cme are et _alneys _clene & may © _ comtvovessial.a = oo Concepriue_ issues = Conceptual issues have +6 de __yith the _meaning ov Nienbity of an iden. “Thig might _ mean sehinigg. wher _conshhdes a bribe as ony _te_an _osceptabe gif _ov deriving whethes _Cestain _blsiness infos rerhin. Beye rect eee Uke | tacwal jsguen —_Coreeptual —_iggues ava nist _qlwoys clans eat _& wit) _ Ben vomit in cortyoversy as well 7 m , Se Moral igsues- _ Once the facts! & concern! issues have _ been rasked an trek Yemain is to __detenmine whiten moma __prireiple ig _arpicoble te _situshdn. Rerelution of __mesal_iggues 6 often more __bviows. ee Technigues es eplving —_ Athigal _igguer: a Line dooming 2 — “his technique” is Specialy Meful Br siluechons in which applicable. Mowe) _ principles axe. cleo = is serfoumed _by A Yne lor wher wordy Samples & _byporereel _ Shotrons ose flesed Ar one _ ‘onc * positive paradsgen! On ox. of senohing tet nee irom guows mevally _accortable. _ f On ax. of _semetbiog 12: wranbiguowly not mosaly accoriotle. Predicts should be a adverseSoest Flow _ehawh - 7 _Onse). _EYnien Few cemigg rit Tye nelphes for _amaygyry 8 vee of carer 4 _2specially those a. zr __+>__be sch os a semes Of nich these is a _oepuere of _& Och _ decision - re consequences thes Flows Prem c =_Pevertaye ot _ssing flow chart ig ther orgies __plerwe of 7 siveton & cei you 5 readily gee _Coreegquenes foot flow from exch decision ConPricl protien An owen of _etniea’ __pwoblerm _velectes _fo_o Conticting _mesal_velues, each of whieh - Tr cm be sched in thee ngys. = choice __belween two seems Tobe comect- - Sheps for solving etnwal__ dilemmas AL Mpcol _ clanity Cidennity we eleven penal values — idlectfipg moval valves & " weaprs in sitvedion B Conceptrel Clomty + Bo clans _ about concepts — be Clear about Corcephel issues _ involved Wret you awe axed fo clo my ner _be_geod. tor Ox gorizgchion in _lepg ven. g Fnfesrned about We facts = Obtain selevent jafosmetion thet is pesttnent _in agri of applicable moval informahon, “This __ means, about the ophens % Consiles all Cresiishe ) options eee reamed + Hake a semorable derision. ee itaa “expabtichi 5B supporting “wexonsibe “potions « - _ 1D contaibubon to education. EE G)_detoaning ~ moog doing a HY) sien ering, 8 2 image —— — 4: — Tnrellectuel Property Rights & Bihics Cutting of re _ module *— AL vet ig Trtollechiel_Poopenty Righe : ®B\_ cotepprien of TPR 3 rp Varwin of activities BD Teretechol property as Trtangible _pseperty % ©} Why Tollectiel property needs _guotection _* : — A Maresing IPR “today. = ©) Potent = _meming putection wget of Qotent oners | Lhe com be petented otc Wi] “Radermek - main piepese , whet canbe quotectad as a Joaclomes’ 2 T)_Traspiol dey I hic. eters indications - X)_Copyaignts & royattost__yights 3 ward” = Werth appeal Tropesty oR aan oo_Wrer ig strteilectwe) “Poe =_mainly” coer _conyajants_, patents & _-reademasio erg si __otves types ob ‘gjgnts eh as trade _seurets , publicity aynis , mom) ayghts ard |_*jghis against untaiy competion. : S _ ____Ortegories oF IPR. = 6] Trousriod “Property + TF jaciudlen —_latonts fer inverthons , onele mows indicerions _& _industeral _deygns. t This cavers —_Iesawy _neskd ike revels, poems & bys Bima” mesic ashishi wesks like. ofa wings Paintings photpgaaphes & scalps and _arwvhitectue) Cleygrs. io ee ee The IP chin ot _achvites. a | A) Ceeettion = coming up with new rode 8) Tnnovation = __Net “seen __befove. Qh Commesciaizorhon — exeachion & availability to selling i Preroction Ce petite declare, — B Enfoscement See oe copied or stolen a» few lw. Triellectuel pwopesty os intangible. poopesty. Al “Terence peeperty 7 Can be _phyptoally touched. ex. Bnd Trewes’ bikes | Cass , etc _puoperty 7% Convet _be gen or _joehe f canbe easly appa pricted : ee cost of _geppaduchon _ 5 —Negigible.Poreesee: _ World Tytetlectial Propesy open ation (WIPO) = Established in 1970. _ zs = _WrPpo_is | ietlesrethonal —_oxga gon dee dewted te to sesving & craton, tor the _aghts of ~ esecdors & ovmers of _jmfeliechiA) _ ose fe protected. _wosldwioke QR treat inventors 2 authors ave these-fore. secejnized and —sewasded fos trois avexdivily. —« Fede Reloted Popects of rtellectuel Peopesty Rignrs ____ Outline of medule + Al Srtsodierion to TRIPS 8) opjecve ~Posmnulating TRIPS. a @ Netwse {scope of merbes _eblgahons unde TRIPS. Bony ne REPS _ included _wTo 2 % El When TPRs are covered undes TRIPS 7 Links between “TRIPS & woo. a BB Rievareo of Doha “Declination fox __pridlic _heedtin “Woole _ Relertedt Aspects of “Tntohectuel 7 Rynrs eo vee Sgveameny— on hade velated oxerts of _ intolleetiel_propesty Sights of Weald “Trade Oregons thin. i weement os gust “TRIPS. =r __'s__one of jhe _main _agueement of _yosld_“Freele _Oxganiyahon Which Was negohated as wad lotiated ay post _of. the gignth. ae he ree ee ee ee BF _urcly @enesal ment On —TetSts “and. “Rede CAATT) pommenty_ tO os Uruguoy Row 1986 to 199% a Tale oa a_i —etah_ te te rs as Nome Fm fey mai commeny known @s_ TRTPS:e “he Members, = Memes shell ge effect = not _be obliged implement “in their law My, but__shail__not odie rere _ extensive __pwotechion tren _i cag by th Agpcemert _prowieled. Hhet__sueh _prctachon _oleay net _cortrovene _povision 3 ae anpeopriate metho of —__Members shall be free +o _oleleomne. within their own imple ment the _paovisions of this Agreament = &_ proche. os 7 ieee sa tee! purpose of this agreement _, the term * jote\tectua\_ propery Befes to all wien OF _irttellectual swoperty thot awe Sibir ae of sechows | Hoh Ff ast gd t yghtSZ relored yights — “Trawlemess Geegsaphicel ndliecchons Tedatial _aleygm Porente_). : Who IPRs are covered _urcles “TRIPS - = Copper & verted ght: Cie. agnts of _pesfis mers produeers, of ound second broad one.) . ae — “Teademarks ,_incbdling service _mesieb- a = Gregapaphical _jndicaioas —_ineludling _appeljachons oF “engin. t Co g = Trduinio) designs : oe = Potente —_jnciding _cwotechion ef new _vorteten of _flonts.. _ x __loyout _ dey ied) of _ ine: ewscuils. a. = Vidadowes 7 inemenyn, inakaipg tee _seevors Qos cata, Link ios Reps & WTO. = WT oe “TRIPS ment _providles _eules fox trade, & nvestne in ideo QR creotivtty by ‘neospeut Blondasds laid down ivr ewe _previsions _ Of major “TPR, Comers. = ae vides that —_‘intellectue) y! dreuide be protected imvoNed. “Ths, 7 te. “STRIPS, the wit makes at ismend Fox. iS ___ member _courtried | “to Follow basic. minimum stondosds of eo Provided fer under “rR TPS Q bring about a oe Pe _hasmengemron of demethe laws in hig “Frelh. ee of Deha Declastrhon for public health . : = The _framenos. of rigid _intelleriel property _zjgnts _esjablisheck _TRrPs _Agscomect: ollons phosmecerhcal _manufichivers te Cres. ____ frites above masnirel cost of peroduchion. 7 = This affects ability of govt. to monitor Q prrctect public _henitth. decane of thew / cbijguinns je protect EPRS of these meticines Frodicers. “This in A _wi meshes ability of oat _te_ensuse. offordatie acco OF these medicine, te commen pubic - I odes to Come over }rese _ issues WTO Members te igsue “Doha Dechuation te clanrfy aon ment iA conte of __puiolie__ health . a —A Thain Objgehions under “TRIPS. Oudiine of medule 2 _ RL inpecr of teh TREPS on welewtt Jrekim _Lesigianon ices 8) Is Pe ae unigue _frevislon on Seer low 9% GI Undes whet Conditions ig a _‘Tindemaj _gyartod_in Train ® D_How ig an _indlustal _dleyin defined Sn Tadin? : El The TPR of Desjgr ig covered Dayna Aer, 2000. F{_Tmpostant- spect Vin Taal Daryn _fer_ 2.000. Q Protection _ of” copyeighrs in TIrdia, — 1 vawiows IPRs fe “TRIPS feeTinga of “TRrpS_o on \_ relat _aadian mae a ae (= Th onder 40 meet” _roguisements _ & compy rational cb ygatrons a number of _domashe _ TPR laws _nere _ aon ee z -— “he Intian Patent Act, 1970 1% amended to conPism ot Bepuisoment of TRIPS. - Ea — The fest Amendment te Patent Act 1970 _was effectoal Hreoygh ey Patents (Amendment) Act, 1999 thar as beoyart jato force Prom Yet San, 1995 ia — *Tr ovloned fos Filing of patents __In_aweaa_of _dinwg, phaomacevtesls & agro eee thoy auch parents were net _alloveck" — se Von amendment nos Wado, trepygh ‘Parents Aer, 2002 = New patent sles nese _ithrocueed._, “whieh come inte Poste On 20 Moy, 2603 & easier patente mules posed in _1972._were. mopibeed by iF - he 3k __ amendment to patents act 1976 wees _jnthoded drug Peters _ Oxcliverce 2004 | pith Heer from 1st Jan _9005- = “hig exdinance wos later vepboedl by ‘Patent Act” 2005 on Gtr ~ Pratl, 2005 whieh wos bough inte force from _ 1-1-2005: 4 = This amendment prrenidles occess te Tndia_ fe 7 dost proving fectents fos ot QR medicines _, food. &] chemin’ peooke!s. Thi Brel amendment brought Tadia_in Fu compliance wit its “TRIPS Ob\igechions . ot UA bret on ‘Roms gomanhon, 967 & Te Borne Corvat, oe __Oine of the _medule 2 D Peas Convention "96. _ ' : 2 Scope of indus! CS - : 3 Provisions __ of _ national -hreettmment : o 7 3 Rig WIS of _property, : Wook 4 3 Common rules 0 = : — 3) he ome _Contesot, 1571 : Se 3 Pricciples ot Bere _Cortpuet , 193) o oe 8) Prirciple of _Nerhonal_“Taeatrment- 3 Peale of Pudemahie. _Pestertion : : oo 8] Prineipie of _indepertonce ot protection - %JMinimurn —_gtandowds of _ppetection. : : oe J Commen wiles undler Bere Contre _ 183) Se : Pesis Convention, 834. '967. = One of the firs | Mm & way _jntellechel propery wights treaties which es signed in Poms, Fyones, on 20 Meath, 1233 oo i Omernve “wos to establish anion for prctectey indus) Peeper. a - = Provisions of the comwenton falls into thee main categories > Al National —ectment id 8) Prony pts 3 Compron wiles = Peis convention applies to __indlustrial property _in wider! genie including patents taoclerravics, industria! _ daiges wily models sits, Mewes" trode. Nomes , ager inckioorions BL vepression oF fei : Competition_Bapoiiovrent of seen. ope of inadnnl_preper'y (Article I eomverhion apples coashtde, ~__ AN the member _courtries _To_nhicln ___Uen fer _fotectiog _indushna? _ _>_ Sts—eappl__Protection” of _jnclusaiol oper) is applicable to pedents urtity modelo indistaial designs traderenky, servicemarks , treele names, —_inalicahoas _eF _soumce “or _oppebthbs_of oye Q wepresson ___&_umfaie _competrhon. 7 * - B16 ct only _applicetle _te _jndiahy & conmence ber ene 70 industries “fo asi Manufachisedl or neta) jcuthwo) 8 “exhoetive Bea's F Provisions on Nationa) _“Teeethment— - = Fo convention _pivieles thet, as mts te the pactechon of _ industriel __pivoperty each conheci must gant same _prrokeehor. te pathonals of __ other wcting states they it Te its Own _ nationals. Nethionells of nen. Covthacting — sketes weal ented Fe natione) freshmen under _ converte _ if Lore. dlomirilesk or hove a ven) & effectve industriel oy _ctyrimezcia! _oxktblishment_ ina Conttmeting Safe. =— - simple _ en fr eats for applicedion of Samo les tO cneionals of a the atertos, or ore Membes__To__cemenon _— fi wespect 4b. application — &_ ating OF _jndlustnn! _puopenty held an establishment Y in Hoe _ seapee' oe apples Phe iw Q cerb ponteof time (12 monty for for_pterts gk “iy oun ee aoa for res fae a darts _& mans) sey for nin any of other _ _cortenig shetey = _Pipplicent seek protector jn severe) courtries, awe not wepuireel, to praent ‘AN of jew _applicedions ok ome _time bur have 6 or 12 menths Ye decide in nie _couteies they wish to geek _pactechn. Common Rules. = Petents 2 Patents granted 9 diffeser _ contench invention awe. inds pendent of eoch _ofber- a - The _imventey eg the =r tp be name Suen in _pedend = Tn owe of masks The “Pars Converbion does _ net ulerre, conditions "far fii sheen _of ke which cre __datastnined, in ener _Contwacting “givte by _dlomeshe_law. ERIaAiioae op linus ten = Frey mur be protested “in _eceh contanching state RQ pctecron not be forfeited on dre ground that “ onteles — incosporedhing the deg mo ee thet shite. a - = Wade names 3 ee must be grarreck to teade names aut diote without there bing _an ob) ate name. fn each Esra enOre = dante ead 5 Measwses musk be Jaken by each sone state Soin Olwect ov indiweer we of a Fale indiceton of ¥ Spune of _goeds oy identity of reir _pmoduser_, mantactirer og Tondley. = Uy hats _epmpetihon. # Exch sadeatd grate muah provide for __ Ffective protection get vuofar _competion ,Coutroe 198). tre poetection of Litewsry works & opts of pheis authors - Principles of Pome Gutenct 199) A) Principle of Natoma) —Treatmest- ss a Principle of automate _psctecton a Gy Pirciple of tndenérdereg, ‘of! protection . Pei of Nebonal “Westman = Work Sonny) ove of contheorting, Srey Pubhshed woh q stete mut be Sven oF otras conbeacting getoy ay the er gram werk of its Onn Nerhionols- Principle of Awdonabe protector = Pestecton mut net be condihoral upon compliance wy ary _ E Formah'y. a — = ais, Principle, implies Yn copyer PEEIechon exists —_ qutomediently from time Cat wor, is Bred in “tapaible medium Fircgle _o Trdependowe of Pastoohon - Protection is indepereent of existence oft prstection _in Seseey'_ AF pA OF work e ~The feincipie indicate iret protection in pte is Ae perctent ob eustowe of Prscrerhon ja easy ©: where wort yay aMinion ganclewd of Won a a rdards of frotechon __velete 40 works & rhs te 7 ion _of _ protection. protection must inglade_* eve Nery _fisstection in _Memy ,_sejentiie. & oersre domain, nhalover my be’ the ede ox Ferm of ibs pce Srpwossion Dosechon f protection. - = = the prctechon mat be Garea urch) expircthon of Tot, Yoon Ofer auiber's deat, aa ee —4 i Lect. /F,)18 s- ‘Computers _ oP rn. & ca Cifertmemon. ao — Outine of module t— a —_ Emer of computer elie . _ ae a gq Issie in —"_—— 3 3 Pones _elstionships — gee elimination, customer webhon, biaied softwere, a mis mveopers, a Property jgswen - Fimbexglement & data _goPhyase issues 43 Vegues — -_ roppropeiate eecess ata bank ea g Profersional igsxes ~ Computer _fai)sves R hath csaditions = Wot ines —_hiagral —_aystem & ligne) indesmebion —_alffResert 8) Sottware aa erecta) propery _ - a 3)_ veers : a - 16) crown cule of cloud. cennenay S “to onions — quay a aTegues = Commuter etnies: : = A Pores golatnnnipys GJ Teguer of privacy 8) Property issues DB) Professional issues. _ ; Foner —_relahionshin's. = deo _Climinetion Computers ewe led & will eerie te eliminate emergence __ OF _compeTers iw_ary oxen. gome of yobs. “The ters Zan rirale. Jeacs to” wemonl __ of q few pecple ay comp! mary tasks with pt one, opener. = ‘cusgomer _relthows 2 “the personal & Financia’ ore wy token by hero companies & Martained 2 sores it shout’ be ae Sure thet these companies teh we detorls of consumers Oetails of computers unethjcudhy_ ey —_ Biosed codes 4 The. computer, ahineme used for sunning the eam ghould be _neutvo). “They shoul ret be _cuenteak 6 | biased sentts. “The coding ebporiten dares fxr _munnigg. te ePinare should _be _ Crestock en oe anbiaed raullg , mor what develones intends to yor a = hock wading 3 Power _corttrolier 0 Oxganizahon who eve. contre) over aosrten Har are developed _4> “ sun these sofweses donot oonle poner to Marilee, maskes & conse) Prospective, _ a Selig & prvchmies fsocesses Keepy frei interedr in mind - Maiteey womens z Comnpserze dete softwenes have _caeottedl a Serge insailty pen if they owe. mea gerfesthy One woo Command cory _ PROVE to be cally —_ beyond “ imsginahion “This alse con also make _courtbrion Who “are in covtve) of ese Computerged nuolew __nenpors __ fe deminate others & é& their undue demands fdfilod : =Peofesional issue. A) Computer: Faice. BL Heat conditions . Challenges in infermaton ¢ _ Al Putnentestion % Er ig hades +o peeve _thar ‘you ee you ard gomebedy olse isn uu. YOu ean be anything, & amore on internet. - oo - @ Pitt, FT aed s people Se chuming out “thete _finemesal _impe dat information their accountr fasswords _ a Spem $ Uawarwantodk _mewsges wualy —advt. sent to a | ae ee people withour taki aman their permission _ eck. 19,20 2 yeas “Nuelesor a ee Outine of Module * : - J stro duction, Nuclear elves. of jinewe> B_ Speciod_ tua a ees Ror Spe aswell 2 a a worn in _ neha ee —— ee =i Bea a A Ginemi & “opesifc. ches of Nuclew Bygjeeers —_ _ Formation of etnies! _foicies = 3 set obeal fer neors fo develop me ne lena pes — 1] View of _Upildriqnicns on Nuclens _nenpons 7 4 Thebyy ot _dleowo| &_nuclear weapons - 7 13 Freon, feict__of “view of __Nuclens Delewourve = ——*« Nuders — Ethies Examines isques fecicing +o Re puci——reeiaae, A) Nuclear norfero & Tt ig a form of confit fending to mess destruction im whith nucle —wegpors ore sock by Cae te inbict —_ olomage aon enemy — 8) Nutlew detemone + Tr 16 ao shrecey Yo_frevert was. Tr Fellows of Fipsh wey Principle, which —_stettes aye of country = nivclens reopens, For self _oleferwe, In criuathen of an aemek — octatk for prrctecting tS secuwity Nutlary dekewrerve, ig Merely possibility of ‘9 an enemy's pans Wit nucle wesyen, _ C_Nuclery —aliscwment + Ack of _wechiving ov eli _MuCletye _weayers DL _Nucleow omme contre! ? used to ibe itor’ mestoichons ___relosi e__develonmert, peoduction , stock: pro Wfaechon Kune of gmail cams | converdions _yeape R eco of meas destruction.of _Utilawianign & Nuclem weapons — _achbns should be chosen prot ax « amount of happiness oo _> “Wis _indieates jhe __out oP various _orttions available, only tet option should be picked up whieh rails jn _paat happi yer. people. = = _ - Fe evenpne jn __nosld __ pursues _ once , people will fee) _ hanpiew if these ove ener ns & hasty - = Foor Hreory ot de orBlogy a : Deontolery s Focuses on”! is 3 Wether achon is HPT or. re wrong instead of analyzing —_consentiences. = Pe Keeler nemnons oft claim ire innocent Ives im both the _oppenent’ & retaliatory aourhries at ms, then 100 is inthrinsically wrooy a Ler No. (21,20) 2 Responsibility +o the Environment _ Outline of the module :- J the Cros) persp: tives OW __EnvivonMent cold: & economies. a = = 3B He imvisile” rend Q tropody of commons 8 Rae of in sustainable’ development 3B code of “Stic for eng & Grviwornertei _feovtershin 0 DA vision er ensvonmental leadershin for Asia. 3) Envivonmental Laws : 3. Prevernay disasters _& cheepies the wey _for_eash "9 social Yachvism,= _ Evag,, ecclogy & expnomies . — Ecosystem > An ecosystem ig _& group of ong 5 that intewmet nit, par oer with their _physical _@nvirbnment= in nap the __ oPRent the popelehion of Hise organisms. oe The trogasly of He commons ~ Genser Hexdlin 1268. = Biggs the canbe between indivi diel & collective _sehereily ren” we set unlimited acess to serous, a bt eves “We fem ous sido “(which others Ore also _oboiny ) io_tong fesm makes huge _jonpret: Role of eng tr ausiavuble “Developmen. shoul ci _Seviowly on _ environmental solves & how 4h i them _into urdersinndlieg & solving problems. Ts is becawse. > Proje, predicts ox processes darned _by sneery can velease toxic wastes thet can hove detrimental effet __on__envivorment Like in cue Bae eae = ae % > Sore on developments — flood form Jands | dsetin werleinets cetee Forests, : 2 On te oer bond Opgnees nosk on Qliminete. negetve, thet “peel _ environment tate of ethick for eryy. & sation evolrmary ASCE (Amesioan Seciery Fox Civil ineeyS.) , 994 * oe = “shail pela‘ paramount 70” safety , health, & nelfewe of public. yMshaty grave to _comnply with _principles_ef Sustainable development: : f 4 __in_pedfoemerce oF _ thew professions! _dutiea. _ - Section | 2) stotey toot _" E99, Freud _be _commitedh te impeovieg tne enviroment to_enharce quality of ee :TTEEE Coto of ethicn. (ashore of Flecivicel & elechonies Eg) oe = Bb ind wil point | As _ “4o Fold _poomount the safely, _healtln & wolfere of the pablo, , + sve 40 _com rith _ othical ign & susiainable “development practices, proomphy factors thee- ager endarges the publie or the | Environmental Leades shin - < "Environmental odors owe ynoge Who ook at _Orvisonmental_povblems ic igh ot theiw experience. & moval yalues , ase _cofmmittest +o leverasires ry aren a “expertise + sealing sustainable development” in stheiy professional & pret liver & 2. leaders dnin in Fables theis —_geeted _ Besponaibilih s.! “Two types of people ave needed 40 artinin “sustainable. “devolepirent 4) Emironmentally conscious cihzery @ people whese Mfeslyle have _e sajainnuen Minimal environmental _ impact. au _ 8} Emironmentol leaders % lenders 7% who hoe ability 4p make secioeconemi system more hesmoniows with _envirenment thse _ nvivonmentally Friendly products , gesvices, businesses, technologies & policies. Envisonmertol Leos - = _Nethonal Environmental Policy Act, 1963. 7 Occupations’ Gofery & Healt Aer, 1976 ~ Clean Air Aer’ 1970 Cleon eres Act, 1942. = “Texte substances _Conteo\ fer, 1976.a Cane of _ module _2—__ J Fateoduetion te _topie. 2] “Roascendertoiism. 3 eco! —B Ecofeminism 3 “he Gaia _Hypettesis. Gre Sideo— Christan Tedthon. “FT Peian — seNgions “8 Primishe religions J Modern Pantheniom, Pe oe Emfaonmental ofncs & Sprhet es TTrancendentalism, — Eee attempts to __ineosporeire, ‘Gpizituolity of nature’ into « seyRON. _ = Moving beyonol _ Seiewh hie bogies fos urdenstrraliog nedune. ¢d - Deep Easley _ Extension _ of “Panscon dentist. ee Nosneginn _pilosopiney Arne _Noess PROpESA two Punglammanted velues. > _self- realizphon. _ > biocentwie | nity Tree values dat wether) Gesthination E Aeeply wits eccegy, a - See realigetion voles TD sespyriton of oneself _@& member of - —geeates_ _univesse ror oer as Sipe inaividual Gr member Ff foreticulocs. 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Lieder siding __oresel a a one” wilh other cents in _wtsld. 4 ; | | = emerged in 1980's . - | = Constructing envionment) ove by Inepeperaticg problem of_patrtathy into ous” thinking qhout humans Neduere.. : ee - Tt is abo ecto ecological Feminism — ted examines —_ cennechon bet” He women _& nore Tthe Gain Appsoach . - oe s _mythwlesy Gaia means _nurbwing the goddess earth > earth should be viewed 05 a ie epyenism , Mothers nechre ____whith _jives like Sry __ ether _ Oxganisrn “The _Gudeo- Cheshon Teadition = Human begs ewe _abffevent from ret of robe, _— We ose on! hues wit a dleveloned — longnase oe - tm -__}umens have a dominechon _oves_all_othes:Outine of Module Ll J Trtwduetion _te Experimentition. gq Borohig of experimerton, _—— 3 Seviacition bet eng & ctandocch _ Cxpericrants. — - : RR Oreoa TY stundosd ep | él rt wrpenivle. experimenters. acey él uae woven information , Mesa! austoremy & accourtaditiy Leet. No. 25 - Eves ir oroegieg domain of -semasth. Outhine of module — = SS her ingmectient for yaedsch __collaboacrho~s Z j 2) Elements for testnorthy —_behtniows oo f J Values in _selonce )__¥eench. 7 + J Breaky ro trust - _Resenuth _miscpnobaet — 4) compesthion oft seins misconduct — fabrication , falstficerhbn Ry plagiors 4] Finding of aeeogch _miscondueh -woguinay het © BD Poseorcn —_miscendier _vs._migakes /ervors 4 @ ven does a reich _misconduet _quaiien 03 _e Frowd J Favitiction vs. Lepirinete ‘dot. _selechow . : x | | 19) Detewents to evice! exgg.__saxwchn : _ = ‘J se\e deception vs somal bios —_— 19 Keyo to wesanth _jateiy : _ 13} Foeters thar undesmine “eosemeeh _ ietepprty a 14) Advart _ oF sagonsi ble ese _eondvets fe '5] Respennbilihes of aubey of reseonch article. — :