2. @ltlrhgml lc vbcar muhçrgea `l cas sgkuglmtls ibetarls ucgzbm`a b) gmtlrpacbegõm y j) cb

iõrhucb bprapgb`b.

(^/I,2?%,55)

b) Gmtlrpacbegam

@btas6
y8 ^/I x> 8 5: y> 8 >.>><
g8 2?% x8 55 y8 >.>>05
m8 55 x2 8 50 y2 8 >.>>59

y8 >.>>05

j) Iarhucb bprapgb`b

(^
(^/I
/I,2
,2?%
?%,5
,55)
5) 8 (2
(2+g
+g)]
)]-m
-m

(^/I,2?%,55) 8 >.>>0:

(I/B,27%,:>)

b) Gmtlrpacbegam

@btas6
y8 I/B x> 8 2?% y> 8 209.9:?
g8 27% x8 27% y8 299.9<?
m8 :> x2 8 :>% y2 8 2?9.9??

y8 299.9<?

j) Iarhucb bprapgb`b

(I
(I/B
/B,2
,27%
7%,:
,:>)
>) 8 (((2
(((2+g
+g)]
)]m)
m)-2)
-2)/g
/g

(I
(I/B
/B,2
,27%
7%,:
,:>)
>) 8 29<.
29<.02
02?>
?>2?
2?:9
:9>2
>2?
?

(^/B,:9%,2<)
 

b) Gmtlrpacbegam

@btas6
y8 ^/B x> 8 :<% x> 8 5.?<75
g8 :9% x8 :9% y8 5.;02>?
m8 2< x2 8 5>% x2 8 5.:9?:

y8 5.;02>?

j) Iarhucb bprapgb`b

(^/B,:9
(^/B,:9%,2
%,2<)
<) 8 (((2+
(((2+g)]
g)]m)-
m)-2)/
2)/(g(
(g((2+
(2+g)]
g)]m))
m))

(^/B,:9%,2<) 8 5.;:9>;0<

(B/^,25%,2<)

b) Gmtlrpacbegam

@btas6
y8 B/^ x> 8 2:% y> 8 >.209?:
g8 25% x8 25% y8 >.2<0?2<
m8 2< x2 8 20% y2 8 >.29:?2

y8 >.2<0?2<

j) Iarhucb bprapgb`b

(B/^,2
(B/^,25%,
5%,2<)
2<) 8 (g*((
(g*((2+g
2+g)]
)]m))
m))/((
/(((2+
(2+g)]
g)]m)-
m)-2)
2)

(B
(B/^
/^,2
,25%
5%,2
,2<)
<) 8 >.
>.2<
2<0;
0;02
02;;
;;79
799;
9;;7
;7

(I/^,20%,9:)

b) Gmtlrpacbegam

@btas6
y8 I/^ x> 8 9> y> 8 :<7<.7:
 

g8 20% x8 9: y8 5<<9.?0
m8 9: x2 8 9< y2 8 077?.::

y8 5<<9.?0

j) Iarhucb bprapgb`b

(I
(I/^
/^,2
,20%
0%,9
,9:)
:) 8 (2
(2+g
+g)]
)]m
m

(I
(I/^
/^,2
,20%
0%,9
,9:)
:) 8 55;5
55;5.9
.9<<
<<?7
?7>2
>2>>
>>57
57

(B/I,2%0<)

b) Gmtlrpacbegam

@btas6

y8 B/I x> 8 0> y> 8 >.>:>09

g8 2% x8 0< y8 >.>2;??
m8 0< x2 8 0? y2 8 >.>2955

y8 >.>2;??

j) Iarhucb bprapgb`b

(B
(B/I
/I,2
,2%0
%0<)
<) 8 g/(((
/(((2+
2+gg)]m)-
]m)-2)
2)

(B/I,2%0<) 8 >.>2;;2

@ltlrhgmbegam `l I, ^ y B

:. Cb lhprlsb ibjrgebmtl `l ebrras Zlmbuct rhõ um eamtrbta `l $;< hgccamls eam BJJ `l
Vurgeo, Uugzb, pbrb butahbzbr cbs cèmlbs `l hamtbfl `lc eobsgs, cas tbcclrls `l
lmsbhjcb`a `l cb ebrraelrèb y cas sgstlhbs `l eamtrac `l cèmlb. Ug BJJ rlegjgrâ lc pbka
`lmtra `l `as bòas (eubm`a cas sgstlhbs qul`lm cgstas), ±euâc ls lc vbcar betubc `lc
eamtrbta eam um gmtlrçs `l 2?% bmubc1

@btas6
I8 Z@$;<,>>>,>>>.>>
g8 2?%
 

m8 :

(^/I)
^8 I*(2+g)]-m
^8 Z@$<5,?95,?5:.:5

5. Lc easta betubc `lc slkura par b`lu`as pbrb eglrtb lhprlsb `l eamsuctarèb ls `l $9< >>>.
Ug sl lsplrb qul lc easta `lc slkura sl gmerlhlmtl 0% eb`b bòa, ±euâc slrâ lc easta `lmtra
`l egmea bòas1

@btas6
^8 Z@$9<,>>>.>>
g8 0%
m8 <

(I/^)
I8 ^*(2+g)]m
I8 Z@$;7,>?:.00

0. Bhlrgebm Kbs ^ra`uets pra`uel um bpbrbtaccbhb`a Ebm-Lhgtar qul vbeèb lc eamtlmg`a

`l cbs cbtbs vglfbs `l blrasac lm `as a trls slkum`as. Lsta lvgtb tlmlr qul lcghgmbrcbs eaha
`lsleoas plcgkrasas. Ug eglrtb eahpbòèb `l pgmturbs pul`l boarrbr
boarrbr $;< >>> bc bòa lm sus
eastas `l lcghgmbegõm `l `lsleoas, ±euâmta pa`rèb kbstbr boarb lm lc Ebm-Lhgtar, sg
quglrl rleuplrbr su gmvlrsgõm lm trls bòas, eam umb tbsb `l gmtlrçs `l :>% bmubc1

@btas6
B8 Z@$;<,>>>.>>
g8 :>%
m8 5

(^/B)
^8 B*(((2+g)]m)-2)/(g((2+g)]m))
^8 Z@$2<;,7?9.22

<. Lc bckb vlr`l Eocbhy`ahambs rlgmobr`g pul`l pra`uegr

pra`uegr og`rõklma sg sl cl prgvb `l
bzuirl par um plrga`a `l obstb `as `èbs. \mb eahpbòèb plqulòb mlelsgtb eahprbr lqugpa

qul eulstb $5 0>> >>> pbrb eahlregbcgzbr lc praelsa. Ug cb lhprlsb lsplrb tlmlr umb tbsb
`l rlm`ghglmta `l :>% bmubc y rleuplrbr su gmvlrsgõm lm aeoa bòas, ±euâc `ljl slr
s lr lc
 

vbcar mlta `lc og`rõklma qul sl pra`uzeb eb`b bòa1

@btas6
^8 Z@$5,0>>,>>>.>>
g8 :>%
m8 ?

(B/^)
B8 ^*(g*((2+g)]m))/(((2+g)]m)-2)
B8 Z@$??9,>;:.>0

@lprlegbegam y Bharzbegõm

9. Lstbjclzeb cb `gilrlmegb lmtrl `lprlegbegõm lm cgjras y `lprlegbegõm ghpasgvb.

@lprlegbegõm lm cgjras6 Cb usb umb lhprlsb a mlkaega lm su eamtbjgcg`b` i mbmeglrb gmtlrmb pbrb
`br slkughglmta bc vbcar `l um beva a prapgl`b` b ca cbrka `l su vg`b.

@lprlegbegõm ghpasgvb6 Cb ucgzb umb earparbegõm a mlkaega pbrb `ltlrhgmbr cas ghpulstas par
pbkbr eam jbsl lm cbs clyls i sebcls lhg`bs par cb lm`b` kujlrmbhlmtbc (pbès, lstb`a, pravgmegb,
lteçtlrb).

;. Lxpcgqul par quç lc plrga`a `l rleuplrbegõm usb`a eam prapõsgtas `l `lprlegbegõm

ghpasgvb pul`l slr `gilrlmtl `lc vbcar m lshb`a lm um lstu`ga `l gmklmglrèb
leamõhgeb.

Ls parqul lc UHBZE ob lstbjcleg`a m vbcarls pbrb cb `lprlegbegõm par ecbsl `l prapgl`b`. Lstas sam
 eahumhlmtl `glrlmtls y klmlrbchlml hbs eartas qul cb vg`b öc rlbc y bmegpb`b `l um beva.

?. Gmvlskul sajrl cas `gilrlmtls pas `l hçta`as `l bharzbegõm y lstbjclzeb cb

`gilrlmegb lmtrl eb`b uma `l lccas. Ls ghplrbmtl qul sl eacaqulm lflhpcas `l eb`b uma.

  Hlta`a cgmlbc
Lstl hçta`a eaha su prapga mahjrl ca gm`geb cbs euatbs `l bharzbegamls sam eamstbmtls.
B eb`b lflregega leamõhgea
le amõhgea sl cl bsgkmb cb lmlsghb pbrtl `lc vbcar `l bharzbegõm,
tbhjglm sl eamael eaha euatbs ifbs.

Iarhucb 8 (J-U)/m
 

  Hlta`a `lc tbmta fa eam bharzbegam `lerleglmtl

Eam lstl hlta`a `ljlhas ebceucbr um tbmta ifa "t" qul bpcgebrlhas sajrl lc vbcar
plm`glmtl `l bharzbr bc eahglmza `l eb`b lflregega. Lc pra`ueta `l lstl tbmta y lc vbcar y lc
vbcar plm`glmtl mas `brâ eaha rlsuctb`a cb euatb bharzbjcl lm
l m eb`b lflregega.

Iarhucb 8 2 - (U/@t)](2/m)

  Hlta`a `l cas muhlras `gkgtas

Eam lstl hlta`a hucpcgebhas lc vbcar bharzbjcl `l eb`b lflregega par umb suelsgõm `l
muhlras mbturbcls, sgkuglm`a um ar`lm belm`lmtl6 ls `legr bc prghlr bòa cl earrlspam`l lc 2, bc
slkum`a bòa lc : y bsg suelsgvbhlmtl.
suel sgvbhlmtl. Lc vbcar rlsuctbmtl sl rlpbrrb praparegambchlmtl. Lstl
hlta`a bsgkmb euatbs `l bharzbegam erlsglmtls, bumqul sg sl quglrlm aajtlmlr `lerleglmtls,
hbyar euatb bc prgmegpga qul bc imbc ca qul obrlhas slrb hucpcgebr lc vbcar bharzbjcl par umb
suelsgam `l muhlras mbturbcls sgkuglm`a um ar`lm `lselm`lmtl6 bc prghlr bòa cl earrlspam`l m, bc
slkum`a m-2, y bc ucha 2.

Iarhucb 8 Euatb 2 8 (J-U)*(2/−Q(g82)]m)

Euatb : 8 (J-U)*(:/−Q(g82)]m)
Euatb m 8 (J-U)*(m/−Q(g82)]m)

  Hlta`a `l euatb `l bharzbegam eamstbmtl par umg`b` `l pra`ueta

Lm lstl hlta`a sl tahb eaha `bta cb lshbegam `lc muhlra `l umg`b`ls `l pra`ueta qul vb
lcbjarbr lc lqugpa qul `lslbhas bharzbr lm ta`b su vg`b uc y ma cb `urbegam tlhparbc `lc jglm.
\mb vlz ebceuca lc tatbc `l umg`b`ls qul pra`uegrb `ljlhas lshbr cb pra`ueegam prlvgstb `l lsl
lflregega. Eam lstl pa `l bharzbegam sl ebceucb lc `lskbstl `lc jglm pravlmglmtl `l cb
pra`ueegam y ma `l cb `urbegam `l su vu`b öc.

Iarhucb 8 (J-U)*(@t/t)

7. @urbmtl lc öcha hls `l :>>:, Utbtus Earparbam eahprõ um eamtracb`ar muhçrgea

mulva lm $5<> >>>, `lc qul cas eastas b`gegambcls `l gmstbcbegõm iulram par $0> >>> y um
plrga`a `l rleuplrbegõm `l ; bòas eam vbcar `l rlsebtl lshb`a `l 2>% `lc prlega `l
eahprb argkgmbc. Utbtus vlm`gõ lm $0< >>> lc sgstlhb b mbcls `l :>><.
:>>< . @ltlrhgml cb
@lprlegbegõm `l lstl beva par lc hçta`a `l Cèmlb Zletb. Ibvar tbjucbr.

@btas6
^rlega 8 $5<>,>>>.>>
Eastas
b`gegambcls 8 $0>,>>>.>>
Easta gmgegbc (J)

8 $57>,>>>.>>
Ubcvbhlmta (U)
8 $5<,>>>.>>
 

Beva 8 $5<<,>>>.>>
m8 ;

@lprlegbegam
Bòas @lprlegbsgam beuhucb`b
2 $<>,;20.:7 $<>,;20.:7
: $<>,;20.:7 $2>2,0:?.<;
5 $<>,;20.:7 $2<:,20:.?9
0 $<>,;20.:7 $:>:,?<;.20
< $<>,;20.:7 $:<5,<;2.05
9 $<>,;20.:7 $5>0,:?<.;2
; $<>,;20.:7 $5<<,>>>.>>

2>. \m lqugpa pbrb rlbcgzbr pruljbs eam vbcar `l $2>> >>> iul gmstbcb`a y `lprlegb`a `urbmtl
< bòas. Eb`b bòa, lc vbcar lm cgjras bc mbc `l bòa sl rl`ufa b umb tbsb `l 2>% `lc vbcar
lm cgjras bc prgmegpga `lc bòa. Lc sgstlhb sl vlm`gõ par $:0 >>> bc mbc `l cas < bòas.
b. Ebceucl lc hamta `l cb `lprlegbegõm bmubc.
j) ±Euâc ls cb tbsb `l `lprlegbegõm rlbc pbrb eb`b bòa1
e) Lm lc hahlmta `l cb vlmtb, ±euâc ls cb `gilrlmegb lmtrl lc vbcar lm cgjras y lc
vbcar `l hlreb`a1
`) Zlprlslmtl krâebhlmtl lc vbcar lm cgjras pbrb eb`b uma `l cas < bòas.

@btas6
J8 $2>>,>>>.>>
U8 $:0,>>>.>>
m8 <

b) Hamta `l cb `lprlegbegam bmubc

@t 8 (J-U)/m
@t 8 $2<,:>>.>>

j) Pbzb `l `lprlegbegam rlbc pbrb eb`b

e b`b bòa

`8 2/m
`8 >.:

e) Ybcar lm cgjra y lc vbcar `l hlreb`a

YCt 8 J-(t)*(@t) Yh 8 t*@t

 

YCt 8 $:0,>>>.>> Yh 8 $;9,>>>.>>

`)Zlprlslmtl krbiebhlmtl lc vbcar lm cgjras pbrb eb`b uma `l cas < bòas.

YCt 8 J - (t)*(@t)

Bòas Ybcar lm cgjra

2 $?0,?>>.>>
: $97,9>>.>>
5 $<0,0>>.>>
0 $57,:>>.>>
< $:0,>>>.>>

Ybcar lm cgjras

7>>>>

?>>>>

;>>>>
9>>>>

<>>>>
$?0,?>>.>>
0>>>> $97,9>>.>>
5>>>> $<0,0>>.>>
$57,:>>.>>
:>>>>
$:0,>>>.>>
2>>>>
2 : 5 0 <
>

22. Oahl Olbcto Ebrl, Gme. (OOEG) b`qugrgõ umb umg`b` mulvb `l ghâklmls par sambr lm
$5>> >>> y cb hamtõ sajrl um ebhgõm par $2>> >>> b`gegambcls, qul gmecuylm lc eobsgs
`lc vloèeuca. Lc sgstlhb iarhb`a par cb umg`b` y lc ebhgõm vbm b `lprlegbrsl eaha um
saca beva. Cb vg`b iumegambc ls `l ? bòas y lc vbcar `l rlsebtl sl lshb lm 2>% `lc
prlega `l eahprb `l cb umg`b` `l ghâklmls. Obkb b hbma cas eâceucas `l cb `lprlegbegõm
ecâsgeb lm cèmlb rletb pbrb `ltlrhgmbr lc vbcar `l rlsebtl, cb `lprlegbegõm bmubc y lc vbcar
lm cgjras `lspuçs `l 0 bòas.
 

2:. Eglrta lqugpa pbrb hbmlfbr bgrl eulstb $2: >>> y lml umb vg`b `l ? bòas eam vbcar `l
rlsebtl `l $: >>>. b) Ebceucl lc hamta `l cb `lprlegbegõm lm cèmlb rletb pbrb eb`b bòa. j)
 

@ltlrhgml lc vbcar lm cgjras `lspuçs `l 5 bòas. e) ±Euâc ls cb tbsb `l `lprlegbegõm1

@btas6
J8 $2:,>>>.>>
U8 $:,>>>.>>
m8 ?

b) Hamta `l cb `lprlegbegam

@t 8 (J-U)/m
@t 8 $2,:<>.>>

j) Ybcar lm cgjras `lspuls `l 5 bòas

YCt 8 J - (t)*(@t)
YC58 $?,:<>.>>

e)Pbzb `l `lprlegbegam

`8 2/m
`8 2:.<%

25. Klmlrbc Iaa` Utarls eahprbrâ lqugpa mulva pbrb cllr eõ`gkas `l 79 jgts qul
rllhpcbzbrâm cas bmkuas eõ`gkas `l jbrrbs. Eaha pruljb, gmgegbchlmtl sl b`qugrgrâm
2,>>> lqugpas. Yb b usbrsl lc hçta`a U@@ pbrb `lprlegbr cb ebm`b` tatbc `l $<> >>>
`urbmtl um plrga`a `l rleuplrbegõm `l 5 bòas. Ebceucl y krbqul cbs eurvbs `l
`lprlegbegõm beuhucb`b y vbcar lm cgjras.

20. \m beva lml easta gmgegbc `l $2: >>>, um plrga`a `l rleuplrbegõm `l ? bòas y um vbcar
`l rlsebtl lshb`a `l $: >>>. b) Ebceucl cb `lprlegbegõm par cas hçta`as tbmta `l CZ
eaha `l U@@. Krbqul lc vbcar `l cb `lprlegbegõm CZ y U@@ j) Ebceucl cb tbsb bmubc
 

`l `lprlegbegõm U@@ pbrb eb`b bòa 2 b ?.

@btas6
J8 $2:,>>>.>>
U8 $:,>>>.>>
m8 ?

b) @lprlsgbegam par cas hlta`as CZ y U@@

@t 8 (J-U)/m `8 :/m
@t 8 $2,:<>.>> `8 :<%

j) Pbzb bmubc `l `lprlegbegam U@@ pbrb eb`b bòa 2 b ?

Pbzb bmubc `l U@@

Bòas

2 :>>%

: 2>>%
5 9;%
0 <>%
< 0>%
9 55%
; :7%
? :<%

2<. Ul eamel`l um prçstbha plrsambc `l $ ?,>>>,>>> `õcbrls bharzbjcl lm 2< bòas

hl`gbmtl tçrhgmas bharzbvas hlmsucls, `am`l cbs euatbs `l bharzbegõm sam
g`çmebs lm ta`as y eb`b uma `l cas plrèa`as. @geoa prçstbha sl ob pbetb`a b um tbmta
mahgmbc bmubc pbkb`lra slhlstrbchlmtl `lc 9,<%. Eam lstas `btas, sl pg`l6

@btas6
E8 $?,>>>,>>>.>>
m8 2<

b) Euatbs `l bharzbegõm eamstbmtls.

2< bòas 8 5> slhlstrls

B8 E/m
B8 $:99,999.9;
 

j) Ebpgtbc plm`glmtl `l bharzbr bc imbcgzbr lc slkum`a bòa.

: bòas 8 0 slhlstrls

E8 B*(m-U)
E8 $9,755,555.55

e) Euatb `l gmtlrçs earrlspam`glmtl

earrl spam`glmtl bc öcha tçrhgma bharzbva.

9.<% 8 >.>9<
>.>9</5> 8 >.>>:2999999999;

b8 (E*>.>>:29999;)+B
b8 $:?2,9??.?7

`) Bharzbegõm `lc prçstbhas.

g5> 8 B*>.>>:29999;
g5> 8 $<;;.;?

l) @lu`b lxmkug`b.

g8 (((2+g:)]:-2)
g8 >.05%

29. EAHAUA Eahpbmy eahprõ umb umg`b` pbrb ebcgebr hgmlrbcls âurlas eamtracb`b par
eahputb`arb par $7> >>>. Cb umg`b` lml umb vg`b bmegpb`b `l 2> bòas y um vbcar `l
sbcvbhlmta `l $5<>>>. \cgel cas hçta`as U@ pbrb eahpbrbr lc prakrbhb `l
`lprlegbegõm y lc vbcar lm cgjras pbrb eb`b bòa.

@btas6
J8 $7>,>>>.>>
U8 $5<,>>>.>>
m8 2>

@t 8 $<,<>>.>>
 

YCt 8 J-(t)*(@t)

Bòas @lprlegbegam Ybcar lm cgjcas

2 $<,<>>.>> $?0,<>>.>>
: $<,<>>.>> $;7,>>>.>>
5 $<,<>>.>> $;5,<>>.>>
0 $<,<>>.>> $9?,>>>.>>
< $<,<>>.>> $9:,<>>.>>
9 $<,<>>.>> $<;,>>>.>>
; $<,<>>.>> $<2,<>>.>>
? $<,<>>.>> $09,>>>.>>
7 $<,<>>.>> $0>,<>>.>>
2> $<,<>>.>> $5<,>>>.>>

2;. Ebceucl cas eastas `l `lprlegbegõm pbrb cas trls prghlra bòas y vbcar lm cgjras pbrb lc bòa
muhlra 5 pbrb um beva qul tuva um easta gmgegbc `l Z@$ :<,>>>.>>,um vbcar `l
sbcvbhlmta `l Z@$ 0,>>>.>> y umb vg`b öc `l ? bòas.

@btas6
J8 $:<,>>>.>>
U8 $0,>>>.>>
m8 ?

Bòas @lprlegbegam
2 $:,9:<.>>
: $:,9:<.>>
5 $:,9:<.>>

YC5 8 J-(5)*(@5)
YC5 8 $2;,2:<.>>

2?. Cb Eamstruetarb EHU `lslb b`qugrgr umb lxebvb`arb vbcarb`b lm Z@$ <<>,>>>.>> eam
um vbcar `l sbcvbhlmta `l um 2>% `lc easta `l cb eahprb. Ul tlm`râ qul bsuhgr cas `l
eastas `l Z@$2<,>>>.>> `l trbmspartl y um easta `l Z@$ 5<,>>>.>> `l gmstbcbegõm. Ug lc
beva lml umb vg`b öc `l 2> bòas. @ltlrhgml cb @lprlegbegõm `l lstl beva par lc
hçta`a `l Cèmlb Zletb. Ibvar tbjucbr.

@btas6
Eahprb 8 $<<>,>>>.>>
B`gegambcls 8 $<>,>>>.>>
 

J8 $9>>,>>>.>>
U8 $<<,>>>.>>
Beva 8 $<0<,>>>.>>
m8 2>

Bòas @lprlegbegam @lp. beuhucb`b

2 $<0,<>>.>> $<0,<>>.>>
: $<0,<>>.>> $2>7,>>>.>>
5 $<0,<>>.>> $295,<>>.>>
0 $<0,<>>.>> $:2?,>>>.>>
< $<0,<>>.>> $:;:,<>>.>>
9 $<0,<>>.>> $5:;,>>>.>>
; $<0,<>>.>> $5?2,<>>.>>
? $<0,<>>.>> $059,>>>.>>
7 $<0,<>>.>> $07>,<>>.>>
2> $<0,<>>.>> $<0<,>>>.>>