Hazard Class 101: Know How to Categorize Your Hazardous Materials

Posted on December 4, 2018 at 8:00 am.

Written by Cory Levins

If you are involved in the shipment of hazardous materials, there are several regulations
you need to know about and follow. One of the most important steps you must take as a
shipper is properly categorizing your hazardous materials. Assigning the proper
category indicates that you have packaged the materials properly and communicates to
carriers exactly what type of material you are shipping. This, in turn, allows them to take
the proper steps to safely transport the load.

Categorizing your hazardous materials is also important in case of an emergency. If

there is a spill or a leak, having your materials properly categorized ensures that first
responders and emergency personnel can identify the hazardous materials and know
exactly what they are dealing with. Proper categorization of hazardous materials helps
keep everyone safe, so it is extremely important.

If you are involved in preparing hazardous materials for shipment, you need the
valuable information we’ve put together here on how to categorize them.
THE GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM FOR HAZARD COMMUNICATION

In 2003, the United Nations adopted the Globally Harmonized System for Hazard
Communication, or GHS. This system includes important criteria regarding the
classification of materials that could present physical, health or environmental hazards.
The GHS also specifies the exact information that must be included on the labels for
hazardous chemicals and safety data sheets.
The United States was instrumental in the development of the GHS and is a member of
the bodies that UN established to coordinate implementation and maintenance of the
system.

HAZMAT LABELS AND PLACARDS

Because hazardous materials of all types are potentially dangerous, there are strict
regulations regarding their transport. In addition to being properly categorized, the
Department of Transportation requires that all hazmat shipments be properly placarded
and labeled. In most situations, hazmat placards are required on cylinders, trucks and
other vehicles used for transport. Hazmat labels, on the other hand, are affixed to or
printed on material packaging and overpacks.
There are numerous labels and placards for hazardous materials. Each is designed to
quickly convey what type of material a package or transport vehicle contains. They are
emblazoned with the hazard classification, and they feature specific designs and colors
that are used universally for transporting hazardous goods around the world.
Hazmat placards and labels are extremely important. They inform us of the potentially
hazardous materials that are being transported on our roads, and they make us aware
of packages that may contain materials that are dangerous. In addition to informing the
public, placards and labels ensure that carriers know what they are hauling. They are
also extremely important to police, firefighters, paramedics and other emergency
responders. When spills or accidents happen, the placards or labels let first responders
know what they are dealing with so they can look it up in the “Emergency Response
Handbook.”

In addition to helping keep everyone safe, hazmat labels and placards are required by
law. There are a few exceptions, but as a shipper, you are responsible for making sure
that any hazardous materials you send out are properly categorized and labeled or
placarded. Shippers who do not comply may face stiff penalties.

HANDLING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

It goes without saying, but handling hazardous materials is extremely dangerous. If you
are involved in packaging, shipping or transporting such materials, it is important to take
the proper steps to ensure your safety. Make sure you have completed the proper
training and you know exactly what you need to do.
It’s also a good idea to brush up on the “Emergency Response Guidebook” to learn
exactly what you would need to do in the event of a spill, inhalation or other urgent
situation. Familiarizing yourself with how the guidebook is set up will also help you know
where to turn for help in the event of an emergency.

Before working with any hazardous material, read all labels as well as the safety data
sheet. This will help you understand the hazards of that material and the necessary
precautions you should take. Make sure all containers are labeled properly and the
materials are always stored or transported in appropriate containers. Never eat or drink
when handling potentially dangerous materials. If your hands are contaminated, avoid
touching your face, handling contact lenses or using cosmetics until the contaminant
has been thoroughly removed.

THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN SHIPPING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Shipping hazardous materials isn’t nearly as simple as mailing a book or a garment.

There are strict laws and regulations in place to help ensure the safety of everyone
involved in the process. If you are preparing hazardous materials for shipment, it is
extremely important to be aware of and abide by these laws and regulations. In addition
to ensuring safety, doing so helps you avoid steep fines and other penalties.
Always use appropriate containers when shipping hazardous materials. In most cases,
a regular cardboard box won’t do. You need to choose packaging that is approved for
shipping the specific type of hazardous material you are working with. You also need to
make sure that each package is properly labeled. You must use approved hazmat
labels, and there are regulations regarding where they must be placed on the package.
You are also responsible for making sure trucks, rail cars and other transport vehicles
are placarded in accordance with the regulations set forth by the Department of
Transportation.

UNDERSTANDING HAZARD CLASSES

Shipping hazardous materials is complicated, and it can seem overwhelming. While all
the laws and regulations may be frustrating, keep in mind that they are in place for
everyone’s protection. They are meant to protect people, wildlife, property and the
environment from the potential dangers of hazardous goods — so they should not be
taken lightly.

Hazard classes allow you to convey exactly what type of hazardous material is
contained in a package or being transported. This categorization is required by law, and
it ensures that carriers, first responders and others know exactly what they are dealing
with. If you are shipping hazardous materials, you will need hazmat placards and labels
that reflect the correct hazard class for the goods being transported.