b) Why, do you think, Mabini’s signature was not in the document?

The reason why Apolinario Mabini's signature was not on the document may be
because he once objected to writing a decree declaring June 12, 1898 as the proclamation of
independence, indicating that he was not in favor of the idea as there were more important
preparations that the government must make to confront the still functioning Spanish colonial
government.

c) Why, do you think, Aguinaldo’s signature was not also there?

Emilio Aguinaldo was not against the declaration of independence in fact, he was the
one who planned it and gave the proclamation. There could have been some reasons why his
signature was not there. According to the document, Aguinaldo made a huge miscalculation. He
thought that the Americans would help them win freedom against the Spaniards. On the
contrary, the Americans assumed their positions and invaded the country.