Hypertension

Diabetes Mellitus
Smoking

Coronary Thrombosis /
Atherosclerosis

Myocardial Ischemia

Hypoxia

Switching of Aerobic Altered Membrane Integrity Shortness of

Respiration to Unaerobic Breath
Respiration

↓ Myocardial Contractility
Production of Lactic Acid

↓ Cardiac Output
Chest Pain

↓ Arterial Pressure
Levine Sign

Stimulation of
Baroreceptors

Stimulation of
Sympathetic Receptors

Shortness of breath Diaphoresis ↑ Myocardial Contraction

↑ constriction of blood ↑ Heart Rate

vessels

↓ DIastolic
Cold and Clammy ↑ afterload Filling
Skin
Pallor

↑ Myocardial ↓ Coronary Tissue

Oxygen Demand Perfusion