Dirac Delta | Function (Pitre ARG) rfrerefrerrennen—e Reguirement of Dirac pelto -functioy ——~ 4iact me =~ When a lage qmownt of fovee at outed om particle fey very Soll Interval cf time, dren forte Can Gad ~ be oepresented Divac pelte function. ~ or ht mF) = Be fev test Ctot — = = 0 o then Bt fES | a ee = => For pojnt Charge oist8 brio, the = Charge ofensity Can be oe presentes = by Dirac pelt funch: . = charge oe toe oj} Fer oe tly = w= -| wW=0 w=2 2 = = Foe point mass ol’spi bedton the mags = denstty Gan be vepregettes} by Dirac = . we Deda Function ™ a) . = wags ofens) ty = 3™ Nem zero wmDivoc pe oP Ite function i defined by S (1-¢) = 0 tow va | C2 for at =4 pe eS > Height of Dpone > © > width of DD tune? © => Arex vrder pp Crs = nm zero finite 2u" So-af > Graph of DP S[%- l wee nO (> a 4 symme Pic VL 29 DD mejthey even x nos od f° bout u=0 > even f” > if symme frre a odd f” ~ rf » (ver a gout u=0 > ape fren onder the Brae Deli - CuTe P be &f be ty Ve we a+B « Jermasor fibonden (OPH £ ae:~ me ft Dtrtoc Delda peak should Ie wits, me the: interval (a-«, a+) 4 ro a | Lunit | <= ax x0 ofp Arrow with length L unit ~8> width Is fs 2) —» D.p peak at w2= 2 =o QUUUEUUT aaa + 3 S (%-2)ol rm— > = Slt) > peak at w=-2 pe Ty -= : = Real Cost (foo “aay _——_~_-——— Ares, under the Divac Delta Curve wil} REUGELUTIIIT IIIs o : _ 4 fatgpe [AS (%-a)du= A ov [alslormadem 3. Jv 0 >t oe = A\3 S(oi-du = A ao> A>o, then DD peak uu} be UP dong, > Tf ALo then Dp pealk null be downward! Meee « et ig nq nm [> units etlection ort orig ih ee 0g tes uw He 4 ible +o Gsmmert yet poss fé (ot-2) 4 4 =) ov generat oven 2. Spa = dla f= IVA flee SEV Raetherareasaaaaasaa S(1-V =° at wM= § (4-9 = at m= Q{1 Dec: 2020 [RTE ATTA sar zi pe-2: Ayvea Under the DD Cuwe wl} be [acoso = gl) ov =o. ark [aessecade= gla) (uF > 8) a-< np peak ot = gla) will be the orvea under DD Lue: DUDVVULE VLU VERE REET Ea as a ver i ae) aor a) #0 tre 1 io ji Ie) (Width of a lithin the small vegion ged = donstout = 9(4) a+B ‘a+B st > f AeyS baldn = gta) [eC gd = 900) oo canst fm ne: the gmall re44 £0)= gods glo- a) [UBSSSS in Which te D A U Area under the re = gla) I~D D-D po ——N Mote» Tf fl do, then DD peak wll be Upwarda: > ] 9 a : xf gla) 40, them pb: peak Lull be Aoomvends: > trap SE fond Gre SB)ame = HAE) =° © 9bo “Sixcay => Shength of Dd function yx Strength of the DP function = Area Undey the pp Curve: +32 +29 - wt «2-2 K= = { lime, ces ° Ss atientth eret¥ oP CAS (oc-+2)+Hex6 (>¢—8) + EB (- 3) Peake at pede at peak at u=0 Hu=3 4 =-2 chaige Pet 2% ohm ¥ oni Length ans) Cente 60 charge (Jengt) ae) = Oa fire Lacseee reer seer Rhh Ress ss AAAAAAsAsr= [2st an 225 (00- 24( 4-3) Joh ~ fs ob (os) ae "(ota = 32 flee) gy afs ~ 1 1 * Q= 3g 422-2= 4 (reas seers a2sin= BOY} tt Representations of 0-0 function VL ———~—_ ¥ = |. Rectangulorr fonction Representation : fod = — a-7 Area=1 AR o~36 1 Height —s 29 (very lng) Midth —> & (very emall) > Areq = 1 3 F303 fhd= 14$r-4) aueg. ( oote7029) 1 == } HX -s> ’ zn let f£,bd= | ; Th in. “am o, = <% The value of Jing [Fr b) Sinreln 4? 027 0 (rool wai. [Fedde = LL + Srtasbouion £ Height eel Width = Yn Areq = Aynst independeut wei DEPPPPRPPP RRR ER ERARMRARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAg N00 3 height A oF We'7 lenge) Widt, > @ (very Zmal)) Area = 1 Linn Fabog = 2S (0-0) = Sl>) SUT N30 _———_ ns f(r) = AS (-a) m= Gea {Foto Sinead prvea! under the wo luwe =) fs (2).Sim de —— pan ~ogl) favastna) ae = gla) > f Slo Simechr = Sin], =9 - =O Arn: UUUUIIEEas / ¥) poe a TT hy Gnst. fbr) = £ t= oe = — - ren eh U= Hey (4— >) =0When % deviates fwr7 Ye, (wef ft > fod > Hejahk = FC srag = oF Width = -FlHM = 20° Gy Pull width at Halt mar ) > = - Lf) ag 7 bonne ae > m 2077 DOr) parr = 20% 2 Crrmis o ne = Ua Met of > Hetght = — Helght « lydth = Yo => Widthn = Area = Sree = 1 (independent ote) G" ¥. | /A 0 . | , wag hw > &, Width» o —> Dirac Delta S Aree = 4 et “NE ier ene 7 function - é| wt Aven = jr (i mn)4 8 = ofn w - oo = = Abe |” . ~cd = SY) ° - A/4-/4)]= 0Z - A. 2S or) - Nosmalized form f = = = Area = LS Cmrd) > 3 16 Dec: 2020 [ Rhferrg “fae ] wy, Repmgentat tent of po f Us Ho, then the clerivative i elated to the dp £% (shortly Pealcesd of oc= %0) > Strength of Dp F™ tr eguat to amowt of ad tscomtinuity preser® nm the function £(%) at = Uo Amput of Discontinuity = R:H-L- LHe BSEFESELIIIIIIESxXample + Square wave Diff KT, many raed VO) = = Vo Sl) ™ Attractive’ Delta pot" = Yay dfsemntimunus at *=0 du . » LY il] be related to dite Delt ae Se forse {* fore *LA C1 >) mos Ka fox “7 ——. => Fo 4 olfstantinyoys K ben J ad, = ay =a I) ~*~ — Amomt of olistomtinuie HRA oe = RHL- LHe Jump of the fimction > df _ © for(nca) ..df&_ Af _ Rak “ o for (mera) A ° = © For («= 9) 4. =o fot xFa mM co fou Kaa Ree eashasasassrsssal 8 % t > > pefof D-p-f) oe = Kirk, als 5 ul > 3 &2 | < | " = z | BY & O> | | b e qheptereereatenae* Pp | -2 to *<-1 flo= tH fey -14H 42 t! fo mp2 “ten) for at *> tele L fave t4 ‘ “H- 1 Y +1 } ory be! = = _* ey Seen ED Pe eee £0) uy cisemtinuous at %= 1, a i mid ot for = -1 > jump = 6 ae ( Oat) -3 unit b x= 2 > JumP= AF _ 68 (+1) - 3 S(%-2) du { L Dp peal DD pee abot at % =2-—y5 Sump at rit Pumps Genie > * [es w= _ aunt 2 > af 6 § (41) 38 (1-2) + L DD peak D:D Peak at X=-1 at 32 Example - 3 Heaviside Step function Alu-a)= Y° fox HXQ S ( ) | for % >A eee Step position _(6hr-a) = Cals Sale genote GURU RR TUS TTI U TRUCE reat v |LH. aR one. J. [elo-al] = (1) Sta) + (step p position) : Lopostant Result to Rergernber c= |. )S (or-a) = 3 (a- ot) {—> Sym about 2#=a > mejther even Nov od! Put a=o ee Sbp= Se) > Sm about w=0 — even function » [F60 Sra) d= f(a) for AKA8 > If a=A ov a=B, then we Camoet $4 ony abovt the Result: 4 Sxangle fersfs6-% A)+S (Ef Foy Peak pak ab a= Ie = [or a to fons =< sit tort rent a. ea siete the Exaile )¢ Val 90% 391) S (ob = 0. Amp Peakat x= 1 rit xu Psa tne Interval ) oe Ts s}ightly greater-than £ > Slighty ese than 1MELESTALLS 35411 PUQLUUU EERE af [6 4 30h 1)S (1-1) at > iy Ly peak “eg inside the ; se ‘Pisevale = fla) = 3 Ang. - ent bea & i) cei) 7) for AB 21 poop LANs Sry 4th prop. Exargle> [tgetaodn I) "(or-3) nN F (md 7 ~~" S (ona) Qa — EF = CD oa hreans > (-1° (4809, beeae 7144 Examples > # a j, [si ty S (or DS fo E) analy Tee : SY =H He [sity Jems 6-2) dln |dy ! ~ * Stay 3 (or *) | ees 4 [4% prop. (Yr = [sys T)dy ay 4.2 prop. = Stay at [ yO YEH =o 1 YFXSs Sfetraj= qq Sond Ozh ren! i ~ Sft. Slo) - s[%]= Sf ™]* ine) = 1k S§ly 6 Shda)= ae Sor-dts(O+9] —s Sbe1b) 3 an tt Ea = 3a]$ (1-4) +81 4.4)] B S[oeaeral]= gg ftlra 1808) Zevos’, H= ab 7*h prop. P==2 5 ¢™ paop- os § (0 5 +6) a Coe a eALS Or +S bes) § eer) 4+ § (a- 3) 2 ful 4] W arUs: The value of Tys(at-sat - --- (nat e-203) Yo > sa > (#S(st-at S(st-= SP3-9] 1 sth prop esol a : = 2st > 1 § (t-2)dt 0 9 Saratt=2 re PrP. a % = th) = t= 163 3 Quez The imtegral fed) asx, Eva juste to - , eto QQ Wo WR (4) “FF of a. Seo 8 (0%) = urls (1-1) + Si+n)] l 6th prop. T= or] SA Sloe mone [es-S (0147) ah] his gph = — Ans (4) WEEE REET ETUC CEU alJ LY dec. 2020 [ fasfery Hatem] Importont Result to Remember ! uy Staca= = Tyra 79 Jed wy clifferentiable in natre- loheve >1;'4 cive_ the Zews of the Fin” 9) RMAAAAAAAAS eth pre > Jiu) = r-ah=y i= +44 7thpwp > gin)= (4-Y Or) > 1 = Ub +” Zeros of gh Shouls| not rcpeat- Position of D-0 Peal a lo = Hho + Aheve Property = (4-1) Jy nt vali Zeros , i= 0,01 Tf zeros vepeat then 9’) =0 7th property :— a ged = 0a) (ot-b) Zesos: Miz ab grey = (a+) giliza) = @- b) gi oa=b) = (b- a) 1 __§ (x 5[@t-4) (4-4)] = gl POOl (o«- 4) DEPP eee aP ena hh asAtAAaaaPENPALS SEE EES ELSES ER EE ESE ORES [80 a +S (x- 6)] re b) eth ” psoperty> Slated] — Real eg Hp= FA-@ (zeros) Real f Sb (7thprep.) +i > Realzem, Evaluate the Following integral [sx S(e%1) dre Glo) = e%_) > OL S03 C1 Suz dnt=0 zews: *(= 0 (Real zeros) ue @ t Qie) = er U'Cu=9 = e°= 1 Il a 5 (e%1) = woe pe *v = S(x) = [sre (0) A ~o 124 pup Peak w= 0 = Cos) = 1 hmm oo Tr [ mn- odd =) +! ~ 7 o N-everrs) 1 IVoq=9)) = oT S[sinax) = Ea SC FF) r -)d > ow { er = op Shen) doy ar pop. oo se B fers § [-n) do« N reat f) 9-p toed tn _ eM ° 1+ (e+ é!)+ +(e e")+ =o a ] = [3 1 » L m=0 ms! me) a ee = {+2 C14 Se Spee GS infintle G.p series. Qheherere tees sh ks saaAasAaAaaAAAAAAAAAAAA~ a= (rai) me TH ae ~¥ Conikel any, ma e e+! mes = 2 Fer (A) ~ i tM +1 Sina} Slr me CHE The Value of integral [ry fars( mnie 4 = TA = B : me (4) 0 Wh © Wz (4) 1 ((ste Ine 08 = me sol” = mT S(t-y= Slog #0 for y=x = =o few y#* = a : | xz ~ ES =e NOM Zex0 Cty bidiory - Y¥ +1 = 4 sony fer lamman Repton ' as cars aa] = = fS(Sinvy oe =~ =I nr = 9 Sis = $35 Or BE) = = + [f+ $b A) a] = tu CUkside from ~ = “a Ideal trey = +! Contry ladon | ” = + Jey = =_ = = L (o-Phen) = 2 * : aeroot of GL IM * Heaviside step #” gpa) = 0 for (4-2) £0 = 1 fox a> (% a7 Boca) = 0 fow waco / f. 47 eG (a= tve Real) u s wia0, p-a LO D> MPA, L4G ase-2 | (0049) 40, (4 )20 MMP in faecal 2 repo > aro a («4a (%-%) 70 Cage-T (use-T +40) >0, (21-9) >0 (2¢+a) <0, (2¢-4)<0 2 W>Q y Comme a, 4? “784 nU<-& ~~ *900 at Sa? [9 ebt-ar)= 0, (*-a*)ko a -a O(x-a*) Double Step functiowy .DPPP PPP PP Pee eR RRR RRA AhRAAsAsasayO(>7- a") = oO (2ax%<@) > steps at ) 21 (mea) 29a) At oat) = 1-[efcra)~ o(%-a)] te , (ota) san at step at : Reso) 2s af Blrr+a)~0 aaa 40-4 =0 i 8(x%a2)= I-(0-0)= 1 a Region < O(Xta}= 6 (x-a)=0 O(c a)= 1-[I-oJ =o Bb a)= I~ [o(r+4)- of-a] Ga, a |f a a > S(za’).2% = o~ Sorc4a)4 S(or-a) 3 SOE a= ~ASfrra)r a5 Sey) 4%) a fe £005 ("- Ds FG por] 3. (a= +e Real 7% SEE ghd= ball b) —> Ol(-4) (1% -4)] = 1-[0 (1-9 - Of »)) aul) = 1- [0 (or- b)- elma pave fo ve or tve) MESUSESESSSEIEEE EE EE UTE EE EEE Eee> S(tr- a) (o-b) ] = mals (ot-a) +Sbew] ‘ 4 i} DPR Cp-0) { Ss Sf (r= Pep = + (2450) ' £09 = -% (£0) \ —* +H $f = +h (>0) ; MO £ m0 7 Al -1 (x0) : Continbus ee [wep 2 nits i eg q ; ff = 28t) ih, 21 pee. 2020 Pifreg 5] AR ve J Devivatives 0 of Dirac Delta lta Function Fon "a = =f Be Foor} el 6 “ wey ma (myth order derivative _ devivettve Fou Sy) = cw P 6° (og (9 § sca) — —(i') Ditferentiable #? jn neduyre> S[lor-a) bs) = als (o1-a + br-s)] DPP-1 (p-p) BS gaye Pq = +% (00>0) ' goo = > (74K0) { — + t = +8 (r>0) ] Me ae * ie =) (tK0o) ] Continues £0 “a+ . ‘ Pomp = 2 Units : ovo) = 2! Dec ro2ol Pifrrg 4] Wie J Devivatives of Dirac Delta function fens’ bo) = Bia Fes | is “ ener nd (myth order derivative derived FO0S%y = CM O98 Oo —(H") Diffewentiable £7 jn nature0% ad from a oohton 8 _Lfteyatba = [Fred sof fron rst pn a Hen v Slo) = 0 at X= 4% M-) 9 at H= EO (0 “ ‘m-l) = [o-oJ- fFea-8! (1) d 3 - tm) Sts (0) doe = Jen fos! "ing Joc. abgetion ee go 1 1) uail| loe 2ame Fn) Sy = — Fda > a Sa yy j=) feens tare = Seee (>) -§ fy sf Jeers nea) (12 ~F 1 (> ) § e_(4, ( ctentvnadl-*) ): Shy, (ers re () ec peivell-* OND etttine fin Sey = = Bsn | Pein 21 proper ty. B fi Fm) 3 he au = lore "or) Slot a) ey A A B = oe (£%0.Sb-4) ay a io property peachy =q = C1 Ga) Qe The operator mF 8(d, Where S§) & the Dirac pelty £7 acta on the Spare Space of real Valuel Square- Integra tote ££” om the otal Une , The operater J equivalent — (aq Sd (b) Sly (2) %* jo sl" ot So) = 2 foo 5" ou = (17 Fr) Son) ne 5390) a Cy! A bo. Slo es §6wD pet nll OG 3 “(oy = = 2. $00 Pne- = Fe . S™ (a) = Be +E Dfsac Delta function im 3-9 Divac delta 47 Wy defined by oe 3(#-%)= oO fox F wo for Yah as oh yi zie Yoo Melt % > 42K ok Sipser B)qvatls oe fren: £(%) AIL AP ae Cartesian Cooteli inoter, 3 (PR) HIS (01-21)5 [y-¥0) S(z- zs) SPheWeod Polar S(@®) = Gamek (+-¥) (0-0). (4 ~ do) Cyltmads to} Covrdlinatss S(9-%) = Gos (RA)S (6 ¢,) 8(z 2) = WwWYZ> length 8 (#-%) = Si{F-%) [5 (7%) = (lenght weoFf" lo 5 be > UUURUSLUULEUIS ITEP ee eaedv= dudy dz = (arsine) dr dodp = d = (s)ededz so S(t) > (length) V4 § (7-®) dv a => (length) * all gpace 3 gee onan © ro Kb = ff fee er 50-6) SL a) sino otis ino”) “acti Se eo el gi OR as Sst) ax {s (e-6,)40.[SL¢-6.)4 6 | ! J: = 2 a 4 re vt! rP Ss SiH) = Ps (7-A) $(0-€e)S (2-26) Quep Evaluate the folluring integval: Sf Seay Z)sevs(2- 3 Fae tt? ats fhuya) S (91-2) 5 ¥-%e) S(2- 2) Sol” Penk at (4, Yo Ze) SL t= £(ot0,%0,24) yd 2,02WEES E TUTTI Uae eee ee era i e g a 2 rst {>I - os Png @uesx Evaluote tne. Following integral : Le {{fer HE) S (24 Sx-6) Sly) § (¥-z) dady dz oS All apace + L #0 if #0/fz=y yan => LTH#0 /f x= y=z co fsemydy = 4 <0 fs ly-z)dz= 1 =f OC P41)S oe 452-6) dx ‘° § (x 45%- 6)= S[le+6) (>-)] Wit 2. S[Slor+6)t § by] mm T= 824 i?SS In cpherical Polay Coordinates * = (30,4) the delta function § (7-2) Gn be toaitten as > ()* S(A-¥5) S(O &)S(H-H) (b) sesh ( tos 6,- (os 82) $ (4-2) (9 a 8 (rs) § (os Q)~ Gs 4) 5 ( Fr $.) aR (cl) Ree (%)-5) § (o.- ®,) S(- 6s) Sa" —!_§ (~~ ¥,)$(0,-8,)5 (4-4) S(7-%)= Spm OPtM-a > Dimension mot matching optim- d-> nH Sino => U6)=$( Cos 6, — Co 62) fteeeeeaeata § *: §(gooy= = pea (nx) Zes0S*, (os8)- Go 8, = } : — We assume here 1 _ : d'(®) = a 01 Jy Veynie § (086 )- 5 8)= & = Tata) aT § (6-9) leneeeoeenenseee TO HE = = thet ) 8 8, S(les0,- Case) —~ ime, $ (%- &) ——-W) 2Ecret mm oben) 8 ()-¥ vs) $ (4s6)- Os6.)8 (fy- p) Fre place by i) > -_! - . «shar "8(0-8) S(- 4) we Gn whte here Sin 6; beoz Non Zero Valve. hen ©, = 62 Stomclare form of pp £77 DPP-1 13 Peak at = 29, -3r (6t prop) 4 L mM &Dd QUSVUTLU RULE ELTA Tee ~ X (outside the terval) Fe o1cn me pep / Ihe Second order derivative of = — ‘ee function flas Rexe]- kbd], Lalit (£9) (b= Fo (c) KF (01) + 2K AS) A) RF bd ~ 2K ASO URUSLSSof fiay= AexpE-Rb«J foi) ~ A exp (4) —- eo nt KtAeK™* (440) = Kak (0) af 7 (4): b(n) de du™ An — r2ka o leo ae = 0 a = (= o) ‘ 2 = ae = KF On) + (628) 50%) * oC Cane of pistxt © In. ths (Rree- Lng —lf ST onsider the Following functfon a f(= 7 ear (- @&% Vorent zion 4 nr (v= =n) Um fla) = Sen) N> T30 o wa Tz [sey Gs drt | & Dae eee eee Eee eee SE