Neonicotinoids should be banned in agriculture

Proposition
Reason 1 Support
Neonicotinoids may be considered harmful to Estrada among other authors (2016) presented two cases
humans. of poisoning by two products of this class, thiamethoxan
and imidacloprid, one of a 43-year-old man from the
countryside and another of a 16-year-old girl, both entering
the hospital to the emergency area.
Its mortality rate was 2.9% in 2016, however there is no
antidote registered for this poisoning, its treatment is
supportive
According to Gómez (2021) these products can affect the
health of embryos and pregnant women
Reason 2 Support
Neonicotinoids may be considered harmful to Pollinators are biotic agents that play an important role in
pollinators the pollination process, mainly bees that contribute 80% of
pollination (Gill and Garg, 2014). The activity of these can
be affected by environmental stress caused by parasites,
competitors, diseases, predators, pesticides or habitat
modifications (Gill and Garg, 2014). habitat modifications
(Gill and Garg, 2014). These stressors underpin colony
health decline and colony collapse (CCD), contributing
significantly to the spread and abundance of pathogens
and parasites (Sanchez-Bayo et al., 2016).
For example, in Europe the honey bee population has
declined by 25% between 1985 and 2005 and in the United
States of America (USA), the honey bee population has
declined by 25% between 1985 and 2005 of North America
(USA) by more than half (Brandt et al., 2016).
The general effects caused by these pesticides on
honeybees are change in foraging behavior, decrease in
mating frequency, reduction in the production of queen
bee and immune system failure (Brand et al., 2016; Forfrt
et al., 2017; Gill et al., 2012 and Whitehorn et al., 2012).
On the other hand sublethal doce 2 can damage the brain,
bee body, memory and learning capacity (Forfrt et al.,
2017). In addition, Brittain et al., 2010 points out that it not
only affects bees but also decreases the diversity of
bumblebees and butterflies. The results of the evaluations
have led to impose restrictions on the use of clothianidin,
imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (Dominica et al., 2017).

Reason 3 Support
Based on a recent study by researchers from the
Neonicotinoids may be considered harmful to Department of Biology at the University of Saskatchewan
migratory birds has shown that the negative effect of neonicotinoid
insecticides goes beyond affecting insects, as they also
affect migratory birds. In the study, researchers fed white-
crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) with grain
treated with Imidacloprid - a neonicotinoid insecticide
widely used in Canada - at the beginning of their migration
path, and then released them. Using a telemetry network
based on radio signals, the birds were tracked to determine
how long it took them to reach their breeding grounds.
The results were incredible, and disturbing. Birds fed the
Imidacloprid-treated grain took longer than normal to
reach their destinations. This delay could be fatal to the
reproduction and survival of these birds, as they are less
likely to find mates and breed, and less likely to return
north when winter arrives in the southern hemisphere. The
recorded delay is due to the fact that neonicotinoid
insecticides suppress the birds' appetite, so they feed less
and have less energy to fly the long flight path during their
migration (UCR, 2019).
Although neonicotinoids were designed as insecticides
specifically to kill insect pests in agricultural systems,
several studies have shown that they can affect other
organisms for which they were not intended. The
neonicotinoid controversy began in France in 1994,
following the introduction of imidacloprid in agriculture,
when some beekeepers noticed that bee populations in
their hives were declining (UCR,2019).