FORMULAE PURE MATHEMATICS For the quadratic equation: ax? + bx+¢ = 0 For an etic series: un =a+(n—-Nd, Sy, = 5 Ra + nda} For a geometric series: Binomial expansion: (ary =a" “(lens + (che +, +b”, where nis a positive integer. nin=1 nal). n= +1) MAD 24, MO TU rs heres areal number and|x|<| 1x2 Tx2x xr (+x 1b met Summations: nin +1) Ant). Sor = 2 on +? a m4 ea ‘Complex numbers: (cos x + isin x)" = cos nx + sin mx, where m is an integer and x is real e* = cos.x + isin x where x is real Ir (cosx +i sin x)J" = r"(cos nx + i sin nx)Maclaurin’s series: (cls x<1) wort sinx = ,+(-1" +... forall x r+! et cos.x pial a Ann eee a p FO =O + FPO +E [OAL IO + I 2! n Taylor's seri +H @ Feat +f (@ SA+p"(@ Ce b The trapezium rule J’ yee =F M9 va) +20}, tyy+.+I_-D} a + where 7 is the number of intervals (strips) The Newton-Raphson iteration X44) = Xq — S8n) FC) TRIGONOMETRY Sine Rule: bed b ec sind sinB- sinc Cosine rule eer, 8, (Bin radians) Are length ofa circle: 1 Area ofa sector ofaccircle: Area = —absinC 2 1-¢ and cos a= —* +f ee If tan © = ¢,then sina = 2 1 besin A= > easin BTrigonomettic Identities: 2 cos? oe + sin? @ =1, 1+tan? a =sec? a, 1+cot” @ =cosec?a sin (a + B)=sinacosf + cos a sin B cos (a + )=cosacosf sin a sin f 5 tan a tanph L ea ape Ber ees beh oa a 1+ tanatanp cl us sin? cos 2a =2 cos? @ — sin2@ =2sina cosa sina. + sinB = 2sin sina-sinB cos a+ cos B = eos at+B cosa — cos = sin