Lecture 3: Travels of Jose Rizal
Rizal's secret mission was to observe the lives, cultures, laws,
and governments of the countries in Europe, in preparation
for liberating the Philippines from Spain's tyrannical rule.
First Travel Abroad
May 1882 Rizal left the Philippines for the first time. He boarded
Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado which was
procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera. His first trip
abroad was bound for Spain.
May 9, 1882- The Salvadora docked at Singapore The first stop
over of Rizal on his way to Spain is Singapore, which he spent
for sightseeing the city including its famed Botanical Garden,
Buddhist temples, the monument of Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles, the founder of Singapore.
From Singapore to Colombo, Sri Lanka It was Rizal's journey
to Colombo, Sri Lanka that was important for him to improve his
knowledge of the French language while he on board a
French ship, Djemnah.
On Aden - the Desert - Suez - the Canal The town is composed
of numerous hillocks and rocks, all bare and arid. without
even a plant, on which stand some lonely and sloomy houses.
The Canal is 85km long and probably 80 varas wide. It is not
straight throughout its length: it has curves but small ones.
EGYPT
En route through the Suez Canal, Rizal got off at the Red Sea
terminal and was amazed by the impressive moonlight
scenery in Suez and was engrossed with the multicultural people
and language of the place.
Naples and Marseilles
From Port Said, the Djemnah proceeded on its way to Europe.
On June 11, Rizal reached Naples. On the night of June 12, the
steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles. He stayed
two and a half day in Marseilles, he visited the famous Chateau
d'lf, where Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte Cristo.
Barcelona, Spain
Reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882. Rizal's first impression of
Barcelona was unfavorable; he found out that the people were
open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous. The Filipinos in
Barcelona, some of whom even his schoolmates on the Ateneo,
welcome Rizal.
Life in Madrid
Rizal studied in Universidad Central de Madrid. Rizal then had
a love affair with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez, the daughter of Don
Pablo. He made a poem entitled “A La Señorita C.0. y P.”. The
Romance didn't blossom because of two reasons: Engage to
Leonora Rivera Eduardo de Lete (his friend) is madly in love
with Consuelo.
Rizal's First Visit to Paris (1883)
His first summer vacation to Paris, France, June 17 to August
20, 1883 and he live at cheap hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in
Latin Quarter. Like all tourist, Rizal was amazed on the beautiful
sceneries of Paris. Rizal is an unordinary tourist because he was
observing the life and culture of French; he was spending time
on museums
Place of Versailles
Pantheon
The Louvre Museum is perhaps the most important edifice of
Paris. It stands on the bank of Seine, its exterior is quite severe,
somber, and august. Part of it was burnt down by the Commune.
Germany (Berlin, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Dresden)
He visited Paris & Germany to specialize in opthalmology.
He still hasn't forgotten about his "secret mission" He stopped
over at Barcelona, on his way to Paris, to visit his friend Maximo
Viola He met friends in Germany
Germany (Berlin, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Dresden)
He met Dr. Feodor Jagor author of Travels in the Philippines,
a book that Rizal admired because of its keen observances in
the Philippine setting
Germany (Berlin, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Dresden)
With the help of Maximo Viola, who gave him the necessary
funds to publish the novel, Noli Me Tangere was published.
During the printing of the Noli, the chief of police Berlin paid a
sudden visit to Rizal's boarding house. The chief asked for
Rizal's passport
Prometheus Bound is an Ancient Greek tragedy traditionally
attributed to Aeschylus
Rizal's Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola
May 11, 1887, they left Berlin by train. They are going to
Dresden.
Dresden
Went to floral exhibit and met Dr. Jagor Visited Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, Visited Museum of Art- "Prometheus Bound" They
left Dresden and went to Teschen as next stopover. They sent
wire to Blumentritt.
Ferdinand Blumentritt was an Austrian teacher, secondary
school principal in Leitmerit
Leitmeritz, Bohemia with Maximo Viola
May 13, 1887 at 1:30pm, they arrived in the railroad station
where Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt was there. Blumentritt helped
the two get a room at Hotel Krebs and lost the diamond stick pin.
They stayed there from May 13-16, 1887.
TO SALZBURG, TO MUNICH TO NUREMBERG
The river trip ended in Lintz. They travel overland to Salzburg,
and to Munich. In Munich, stop for a while to taste the famous
Munich beer, assumed as the best in Germany. They went to
Nuremberg and were impressed by the manufacture of dolls.
Ulm, Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall The Cathedral in Ulm is
the largest and tallest in Germany. They went to Stuttgart and
Baden. In Rheinfall, they saw the waterfall which is the "most
beautiful waterfall" in Europe.
Prague
They went to Dr. Willkomm, professor of natural history in
University of Prague. They visited: Tomb of Copernicus
Museum of Natural History Bacteriological Laboratories
Cave of San Juan Nepomoceno
He visited churches, art galleries, museums, theatres, parks
Vienna
On May 20, they arrived in the "Queen of the Danube".
He met Norfenfals, great novelist in Europe. He admired
Rizal.
Rizal received his lost diamond stickpin. They stayed in Hotel
Metropole.
Switzerland
They crossed the border to Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
They stayed from June 2-3, 1887 They continued their tour to
Basel, Bern and Lausanne.
Geneva
They crossed foggy Leman Lake to Geneva. One of most
beautiful cities in the world.
June 19, 1877, Rizal's 26th birthday. They spent 15 days in TURNING POINT FOR NATIONALISM
Geneva. On June 23, they parted ways: Viola returned to MARTYRDOM OF GOMBURZA
Barcelona and Rizal went to Italy GUILTY: DEATH PENALTY THRU GARROTE
Italy OBJECTIVE: GOMBURZA – CAMPAIGN FOR
Visited Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence SECULARIZATION & USE THE CHURCH TO EDUCATE
June 27, 1887, he reach Rome, the "Eternal City" or the "City THE PEOPLE
of Caesars" REBELLION PERIOD
Manila, Philippines Participants: Indios / Infieles
1887 August 5 1887 - Rizal came back to Manila. August 30 Status: Lower Class / Uneducated
1887 - Possession and reading of Noli Me Tangere was Location: Provinces in the Philippines
prohibited. Means: Armed Struggle
Hong Kong 1888 Objective: Independence / Freedom
February 8, 1888 - Rizal arrived at Hong Kong Represent: Province / Region
February 16, 1887- Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that Hong Kong “is REFORM MOVEMENT
a small but very clean city." Participants: Mestizos / Insulares
Japan 1888 Status: Middle / Upper Class / Educated
Feb 28, 1888 - Rizal arrived in Japan. March 4, 1888 - He wrote Location: Abroad (Madrid)
Blumentritt about the honesty, courtesy,cleanliness and Means: Propaganda (Speech / Writings)
industry of the Japanese people. Objective: Social Reform
March 15, 1888 - Rizal first saw, O-Sei-san walking past the Represent: National
gate of the Spanish Legation. OBJECTIVES (National Cause / Concern)
RIZAL IN AMERICA 1888 Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain.
"I visited the cities of America, with their grandiose edifices, their Restoration of the Filipino Representative in the Spanish Cortes
electric lights, and their great conceptions. America is, Filipinization of Parishes and Expulsion of Friars
undoubtedly a great country, but she has many defects.” Equality of Spanish and Filipino before the law
Rizal in San Francisco Human Rights for Filipinos
On Friday afternoon, May 4, 1888, Rizal stayed in Palace Hotel Influence: Students in the Universidad Central de Madrid.
(then a first class hotel) Exposure: Age of Enlightenment
Rizal in New York a. Liberal Philosophy like Democracy
May 13, 1888 - it was Sunday morning when Rizal reached New b. Science over Faith/Religion
York. Start of Student Activism = Ilustrado
He stayed three days in this city, which he called the "big town". Motto: The Pen is mightier than Sword.
Across the American Continent TRIUMVIRATE
May 6, 1888 - it was Sunday, 4:30 pm, Rizal left San Francisco JOSE RIZAL – GREAT WRITER & THINKER
for Oakland, nine miles across San Francisco Bay, by ferry boat. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA – GREAT ORATOR & EDITOR
May 7, 1888 - it was morning, Rizal awoke and had a good (Jaro, Iloilo)
breakfast at Reno, Nevada, now glamorized by American high wrote / published comic book: Fray Botod (Fat Friars)
pressure propaganda as "The Biggest Little City in the MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – GREAT POLITICAL ANALYST
World". (Bulacan, Bulacan) published: Diariong Tagalog. Article: Dasalan
Across the American Continent at Tuksuhan.
He was awed and inspired by the memorials of the former US LA SOLIDARIDAD (THE SOLIDARITY)
president, George Washington: Official newspaper of the propaganda movement
"He is a great man who, I think has no equal in this country." LA LIGA FILIPINA
-Rizal (in his letter to Ponce) In 1892, Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines and founded the
REBELLION PERIOD – REFORM MOVEMENT – establishment of a civic organization called “La Liga Filipina” in
REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT Tondo, Manila in the house of Teodoro Ojungco. He used the
REBELLION / REVOLT PERIOD (1572-1872) name/alias Dimasalang. On July 3, 1892, the following were
CAUSES / REASONS elected as its officers: Ambrosio Salvador, president: Agustin
TO REGAIN THE LOST FREEDOM dela Rosa, fiscal; Bonifacio Arevalo, treasurer; and Deodato
DUE TO AGRARIAN UPRISING / ANCESTRAL LAND WERE Arellano, secretary. Rizal functioned as its adviser.
CONFISCATED New Recruits = Andres Bonifacio and Apolinario Mabini
RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION / DISCRIMINATION & FORCED But, La Liga lasted for 3 days because Rizal was arrested and
CONVERTION TO CHRISTIANITY / VANISHED OLD BELIEFS deported to Dapitan
ABUSES OF SPANISH GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
RESULT : FAILURE La Liga Filipina aimed to
LACK OF FIRE ARMS ▪ Unite the whole country
LACK OF UNITY ▪ Protect and assist all members
LACK OF MILITARY BACKGROUND / TACTICS ▪ Fight violence and injustice
TRAITOR ▪ Support education
REBELLION / REVOLT PERIOD (1572-1872) ▪ Study and implement reforms
REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT / KATIPUNAN
On July 7, 1892, upon learning that Dr. Jose P. Rizal was to be
deported and that his works were to be banned in the country, a
secret council was convened in No. 72 Azcarraga Street. In
attendance were Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Valentin
Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Jose Dizon, and a few
others, all members of La Liga Filipina, a progressive
organization founded by Rizal. The men assembled came to the
agreement that a revolutionary secret society must be founded,
and thus the Kataastaasang Kagalang-Kagalang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was born.
KATIPUNAN
ANDRES BONIFACIO FOUND NO REASON TO CONTINUE
THE REFORM MOVEMENT AS THE SPANISH REMAINED
DEAF TO THE CLAMOR OF THE FILIPINOS AND SEES THAT
REVOLUTION AS THE LAST ANSWER / RESORT.
ANDRES BONIFACIO IDOLIZED JOSE RIZAL, AND USED
RIZAL WITHOUT HIS CONSENT.
A. RIZAL AS THE HIGHEST PASSWORD
B. RIZAL AS THE HONORARY PRESIDENT
C. RIZAL’S PORTRAIT IN THE MEETING PLACE / HEAD
QUARTERS.
JOSE RIZAL’S GIRLFRIEND, FLINGS AT IBA PA
“JULIA”
Nationality: Filipino
Relationship Status: Puppy Love
Rizal’s Age: Probably in his pre-teens
How they met: Julia was taking a bath with Jose Rizal’s
grandmother in Los Banos
How she slooked: Rizal saw Julia wrapped in her red tapis, with
her long hair flowing down her shoulders.
His first gift: 2 butterflies and some wild flower
How it ended: Rizal went back to calamba yearning for her. The
two never met again.
Segunda Katigbak
Nationality: Filipino
Relationship Status: Rebellious First Love, Crazy love Triangle
Rizal’s Age:16
Who was she: Engaged Batanguena
How they met: Rizal saw Segunda in Brijida de Quintos
suburban house in tronzo
Her first gift: Her photograph and white paper rose she clipped
on his hat band
His first gift: Her sketched portrait
Her petname: “Rose of Lipa”
How it ended: Segunda left before Rizal could declare his love.
Rizal on Segunda: My usually loquacious tongue becomes mute
when my heart is filled with sentiment.
Romances With other Girl
LEONOR VALENZUELA
-Rizal paid court to a woman he simply reffered to as “Miss
L”who was “fair with seductive and attractive eyes”
Two reasons for his change heart:
 The sweet memory of Senda katigbak is still fresh in his
heart
 His father did not like the family of “Miss L”
Leonor Valenzuela a tall girl with regal bearing, was courted by
rizal while staying at Donya Concha Leyva’s house in
Intramuros.
Leonor Rivera
Nationality: Filipino
Relationship Status: Forsaken Love Affair
Rizal’s Age:18
Third Party: Orang Valenzuela
How they met: Childhood Playmates
Wingman: Jose (Chenggoy) Cecilio
Greatest Obstacle: Leonor’s parents, Antonio and Silvestra
Rivera, destroyed of all rizal’s letters
Her role in Rizal Literature: Model for Maria Clara, heroine both
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Code Name: La Cuestion del Oriente
Pet Name: Taimis
Trivia: Leonor Rivera didn’t know Rizal made a pact with his
brother Paciano never to get married.
How it ended: After rizal left for Europe, they never met again.
Leonor married Englishman Henry Kipping.
Rizal on Leonor: “Can I Forget you? Your memory has always
kept me company; it had saved me from dangers along the way.
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
Nationality: Spanish
Relationship Status: Rebound Girl
Rizal’s Age: 21 or 22
How they met: Consuelo was the Daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga
Y Rey, then Mayor of Manila
Rizal’s in Love:Antonio paterno, Eduardo De Lete, Maximino
Paterno.
His Gifts: native cloths, Paris music sheets, the first flower from a
houseplant, a poem composed for her.
How it ended: Eduardo De Lete won the heart of Consuelo. Rizal
shed no tear.
Rizal on Consuelo: I am goint to be like one of those travelers
who treads a path lined with flowers: passing without touching
them in the hope of finding something indefinable.
Usui Seiko
Nationality: Japanese
Relationship Status: one month love affair
Rizal’s Age: 27
How they met: Rizal met Usui Seiko on his second journey to
Europe as he passed through Japan.
Who was she: Usui Seiko was a descendant of the Japanese
Samurai Class
Pet Name: O-Sei-San
How it ended: Rizal left Japan for San Francisco
Rizal on Seiko: “O-Sei-San- sayonara, sayonara….No woman
like you has ever love me. No waman like you has made
sacrifices.
Gretrude Beckett
Nationality: British
Nickname:Gettie or Tottie
Relationship Status: Unrequited Love
Rizal’s Age: 27
How they met: Gertrude was the eldest daughter of Charles
Beckett, owner of the Primrose Hill House where he lodged.
Last Gift: A pair of Brooches
How it ended: Rizal left for Paris, leaving Gettie and her sisters
only a clay medallion of their profiles. He never wrote to them
again.
Rizal on Gretrude: “I am not going to commit the indignity of
placing passion over pure and virginal love, such as she might
offer.
Nelly Boasted
Nationality: French
Relationship Status: Crazy love triangle, A secret love affair.
Rizal’s Age: 28
How they met: Nelly was the mestiza daughter of a filipina and a
wealthy French-English merchant.
Rival: Antonio Luna
Trivia: Rizal almost had a duel to the death with a drunken
Antonio Luna because of Nelly.
How it ended: Rizal proposed marriage to Nelly, but she wanted
him to convert to Protestantism. He backed out.
Suzanne Jacoby
- In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because of the high cost of
living in Paris.
- In Brussels, he lived in the boarding house of the two Jacoby
sisters.
- In time, they fell deeply in love with each other.
- Suzanne cried when Rizal left Brussels and wrote him when he
was in Madrid.
Two Suzannes
Josephine Bracken
Nationality: Irish
Relationship Status: Married?
How old was Rizal: 34
How they met: Rizal was giving George Tauffer, Josephine
adoptive father, treatment for his blindness.
Pet Name: Dulce Extranjera(sweet stranger)
Rough Patch: Josephine left for Manila in March 1895 as gaurge
Tauffer threatened suicide. However, she was back in Rizal arms
by April, leaving her adoptive father alone in Hong Kong.
Miscarriage: Josephine Bracken would have conceived Rizal’s
heir. However, toward the end of 1885, she had a miscarriage.
Controversary 1: Josephine Bracken was either a spy or a tool
of the friars.
Contraversary 2: Rizal signed a retraction to marry her.
Role in Rizal’s literature: Rizal’s amiga and alegria in Ultimo
Adios.
How it ended: Rizal regarded Josephine as his wife until his last
breathe. Two years after Rizal was executed, Bracken married
the Filipino Vicente Abad.
Rizal on Josephine: “Goodbye sweet foreigner, my friend, my
joy.”
“Unknown Fling”
Or Jose Rizal was Gay?
He was his mother’s favorite child
He plays with his sisters when he was a child
He never married any of the woman he had a relationship
(serious or not)
His close relationship with Ferdinand Blumentritt