CHAPTER 2 : LESSON 1: THE DOMAINS OF TRUTH

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPINION AND TRUTH

OPINION-Belief ,impression or judgment.
-Personal view.
TRUTH-Proven by facts or sincerity.
-SCIENCE-Based on facts,something observable.
-PHILOSOPHY-Considered kind of quality & value.
WHY TRUTH IS IMPORTANT?
 To clarify knowledge.
 To be able to determine what is true.
 KNOWLEDGE-Clear awareness and understanding of anything
that surrounds you.
 OBSERVABLE or evident-Based on reality,proposition,statements
considered as facts.
 FACT-Observable to be real or truthful.
 OPINION-Proven by verification and experimentation to find that
the statement is true or false.
LESSON 2 : TRUTH AND OPINION
WAYS ON DETERMINING TRUTH
1.Belief is true if it can be justified or proven using one’s senses.
2.Belief or statement is true if it is based on facts.
3.Getting a consensus or having people agree on a common belief.It is
getting everyone to agree on something w/ nobody against on that
statement.
4.Statement can also be true through actions.
 CONCLUSION-Based on a certain fact.
 BELIEFS-Express convictions that are not easily and clearly
explained by facts.
 EXPLANATION-Claiming to be true and provides reasons to
make the statements true.
LESSON 3 : METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
TYPES OF ARGUMENTS
1.FALLACY or Fake Argument-Statements that appear to be arguments
to support the conclusion.
TYPES OF FALLACY
 ARGUMENTUM ad HOMINEM-Argument against the person.
 ARGUMENTUM ad BACULUM-Appeal to force.
  ARGUMENTUM ad MISERICORDIAM-Appeal to emotion
 ARGUMENTUM ad POPULUM-Appeal to popular or bandwagon.
-Idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people
accept it.
2.BIAS-Tendencies or influences which affect the views of the people.
TYPES OF BIAS
 CORRESPONDENCE BIAS OR ATTRIBUTE EFFECT-Judge a
person based on the actions.
 CONFIRMATION BIAS-Look for readily accept info which fits
one’s own beliefs or views that go against it.
 FRAMING-Do not settled in one issue of problem and then you do
not mind the other aspects.Judging an incidence w/o looking at
the other side.
 HINDSIGHT-Phenomena which occur has a pattern and can be
predicted based in historical evidence.