DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

EN-303 INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

ASSIGNMENT-2

STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUMENTS

AVAILABLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT DTU

Submitted to: Professor Anunay Gour

Submitted by: Lakshay Sachdeva 2K20/EN/41

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 5-STAGE CASCADE IMPACTOR
A 5 stage Cascade Impactor consists of four impaction stages and an after-filter that allows
the separation and collection of airborne particles in five size ranges. In addition to
measuring the range of substances moved through an opening by aerosol, the impactor can
also be used to determine the particle size of the distributed substance.
It is used with a pump capable of maintaining a constant flow rate of 9 L/min. Particles
above each cut-point are collected on a 25-mm PTFE filter in the appropriate stage.
Particles below the 0.25 µm cut-point of the last stage are collected on a 37-mm PTFE after-
filter.
The Cascade Impactor clips onto a worker’s collar in the breathing zone and the pump clips
onto the worker’s belt. For area sampling, the impactor can be attached to a tripod or clipped
in an appropriate location. The Impactor may be used for ambient outdoor sampling with
special provisions.
Size-fractionated samples can be analyzed gravimetrically, chemically, and microscopically.
The samples may be analysed under the microscope or by any method of chemical analysis
that may be suitable for obtaining the mass of material of interest on each stage, e.g. atomic
absorption or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

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 HANDHELD VOC GAS DETECTOR
The Tiger handheld VOC gas detector is a revolutionary handheld, portable PID instrument
for rapid, accurate detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The VOC gas detector
incorporates ION Science patented photoionization detection (PID) sensor
technology with humidity resistance and anti-contamination design, proven
to dramatically extend run time in the field.

The Tiger handheld VOC gas detector provides a dynamic detection range of 0 to 20,000
parts per million (ppm) with a minimum sensitivity of 0.001ppm (1 ppb). This portable,
handheld detector has a response time on of two seconds. Long-life rechargeable Li-ion
batteries give up to 24 hours of use. Fast battery charging allows the instrument to be fully
charged in 6.5 hours, while 8 hours of use can be achieved from 1.5 hours charge.

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 LDR RADAR GUN
Radar gun is a speed measurement device with an integrated antenna, high resolution digital
camera and industrial processor

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 • Plain paper printer, Print does not fade.
• No Jammers available because of Ka band (35 GHz) operation.
• Operates with 12 V rechargeable battery.
• Advanced microcomputer-based system with low current consumption.
• Speed gun, Battery pack, charger, tuning fork packed in easy hand carry case.
• Total weight- 6.50 Kg.

Speed Measuring Range

Stationary Mode 17 to 185 km/h

Moving Mode Target Speed 20 to 250 km/h (Opposite)
Patrol Mode 20 to 235 km/h (Same )
Accuracy +/- 1 km/h
Range-Nominal 1 km
3-digit LED (7 segment high
Display
bright type)
Working temperature -30 to 70 degree Celcius

Technical Specification

Operating Frequency Ka band

Microwave source Gunn Oscillator
Antenna Circularly polarized conical horn
Beam width 12+/-1 deg
Power input 12 V DC, 0.8 A
Technology Solid State

OIL CONTENT ANALYZER

It is to measure concentration of oil contained in drainage and environmental water .
After injecting the water sample and solvent, upon pressing the start button, the
system will automatically conduct the monitoring operation from oil extraction to
sample measurement and draining.

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Product name Oil content analyzer

Measurement method Solvent extraction - non-dispersive infrared absorption analysis method

Substances extracted from sample water into solvent and having

Measured objects
infrared absorption near a wavelength from 3.4 μm to 3.5 μm

Measurement range 0 mg/L to 200 mg/L

For mg/L 0 to 99.9: 0.1, 100 to 200: 1

Resolution
For mg/g, mg/kg, mg/PC 0 to 9.99: 0.1, 10.0 to 99.9: 0.1, 100 to 200: 1

0 mg/L to 9.9 mg/L: ±0.3 mg/L.

Repeatability 10.0 mg/L to 99.9 mg/L: ±2.1 mg/L.
100 mg/L to 200 mg/L: ±5 mg/L. * For standard liquids

Display method 3.5 inches, 320×240 dots, Backlight Color graphic LCD

Calibration method Zero, span calibration

Amount of test Sample water : Solvent = 2:1

sample required

Extraction solvent S-316

Amount of extraction 8 mL
solvent required

Extraction method Built-in extractor

Ambient operating 0°C to 40°C (no condensation)

temperature

Power supply AC 100 V to 240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz

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Power consumption AC 100 V: Approx. 60 VA, AC 240 V: Approx. 90 VA

External dimensions 342 (H) × 200 (W) × 313 (D) mm

Mass Approx. 7 kg

External output Output to a USB memory stick

• 300-item data memory

• Self-error determination
• Stabilized measurement value display
Functions • Clock
• Compliant with ASTM D7066-4

HPLC
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), is an analytical technique used to
separate, identify, and quantify components dissolved in a liquid mixture. Other versions of
liquid chromatography such as gravity flow or fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)
utilize column particles typically 50 microns and greater in size. In contrast, HPLC adopts the
use of smaller particles ranging from 2 to 50 microns. This allows for a greater surface area
exposure to the mobile phase compounds, providing higher separation efficiency and greater
resolution. This smaller size, however, produces a greater resistance to flow. To compensate
and maintain consistent flow rates, HPLC systems are designed to pump liquids at much
higher pressures, ranging from 50 to 400 bar (700 to 6000 psi or 5 to 40 MPa). The high
separation power of HPLC lets researchers tackle many analytical questions, such as in
biomedical applications of drug analysis, diagnostics, and proteomics.

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HPLC is distinguished from traditional ("low pressure") liquid chromatography because
operational pressures are significantly higher (50–350 bar), while ordinary liquid
chromatography typically relies on the force of gravity to pass the mobile phase through the
column. Due to the small sample amount separated in analytical HPLC, typical column
dimensions are 2.1–4.6 mm diameter, and 30–250 mm length. Also HPLC columns are made
with smaller adsorbent particles (2–50 μm in average particle size). This gives HPLC
superior resolving power (the ability to distinguish between compounds) when separating
mixtures, which makes it a popular chromatographic technique.

MULTI-PARAMETER METER (PH & EC)

The portable logging multiparameter meter that monitors up to 12 different water quality
parameters including 6 measured and 6 calculated. The microprocessor based multi-sensor
probe allows for the measurement of key parameters including pH, ORP, conductivity,
dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The probe transmits readings digitally to the meter,
where data points can be displayed and logged.

pH Range 0.00 to 14.00 pH

pH Resolution 0.01 pH

pH Accuracy ±0.02 pH

ORP Range ±2000.0 mV

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ORP Resolution 0.1 mV

ORP Accuracy ±1.0 mV

ORP Calibration automatic at one custom point (relative mV)

mV Range ±600.0 mV

mV Resolution 0.1 mV

mV Accuracy ±0.5 mV

EC Range 0 to 200 mS/cm (absolute EC up to 400 mS/cm)

EC Resolution auto-ranging

EC Accuracy ±1% of reading or ±1 µS/cm whichever is greater

TDS Range 0 to 400000 ppm

TDS Resolution manual

TDS Accuracy ±1% of reading or ±1 ppm (mg/L), whichever is greater

TDS Calibration based on conductivity or salinity calibration

Resistivity Range 0 to 999999 Ω•cm; 0 to 1000.0 kΩ•cm; 0 to 1.0000 MΩ•cm

Resistivity Resolution dependent on resistivity reading

Resistivity Calibration based on conductivity calibration

Dissolved Oxygen Polarographic

Measurement Type

Dissolved Oxygen Range 0.0 to 500.0%; 0.00 to 50.00 ppm (mg/L)

Dissolved Oxygen 0.1%; 0.01 ppm (mg/L)

Resolution

Dissolved Oxygen 0.0 to 300.0% saturation

Accuracy

Dissolved Oxygen automatic from 0.0 to 50.0 °C (32.0 to 122.0 °F)

Temperature Compensation

Temperature Range Temperature Range

Temperature Resolution 0.01 K, 0.01 °C, 0.01 °F

Temperature Accuracy ±0.15 °C; ±0.27 °F; ±0.15 K

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 Temperature Calibration automatic at one custom point

Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F); RH 100% (IP67)

Dimensions 185 x 93 x 35.2 mm (7.3 x 3.6 x 1.4”)

Weight 400 g (14.2 oz.)

Atmospheric Pressure 450 to 850 mm Hg; 17.72 to 33.46 in Hg; 600.0 to 1133.2
Range

Atmospheric Pressure 0.1 mm Hg; 0.01 in Hg; 0.1 mbar; 0.001 psi; 0.0001 atm; 0.01 kPa
Resolution

Atmospheric Pressure ±3 mm Hg within ±15% from calibration point

Accuracy

Atmospheric Pressure automatic at one custom point

Calibration

ULTRAPURE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Ultrapure water, as the name suggests, is water purified to the highest standards making it
completely free of contaminants. This level of purification is required for advanced analytical
techniques, such as HPLC, and is commonly used for semi-conductor manufacturing. To
produce ultrapure water a combination of different purification techniques is required to
remove different contaminants. This can include ion-exchange resin, synthetic activated
carbon, UV photo-oxidation lamps, microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes.
Some systems operate directly from tap water and others from pure water. Due to the high
level of purification ultrapure water has low levels of anionic contamination, resulting in
ultrapure water having a resistance of up to 18.2 mOhm-cm.

12 L/H

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 Output (25°C)
Flow Rate Up to 2 L/mint (with tank)
Pure Water Outlet 2; deionized water and ultrapure water
Ultrapure Water Resistivity 18.2 MΩ.cm
TOC <3 ppb
Ultrapure Water Bacteria <0.1 cfu/ml
Particle < 1/ml
Deionized Water Resistivity > 16MΩ.cm
Conductivity – 1st stage RO water Feed water conductivity × 5%
Conductivity – 2nd stage RO water 1 – 5 µs/cm
Feed Water Requirement Tap water
Temperature 5 – 45°C
Pressure 1.0 – 4.0 Kgf/cm²
Power 240 W
Electrical Requirement AC 100-240V, 50/60Hz
Dimension (L×W×H) 545×470×610 mm
Weight 30 Kg

GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

• Gas chromatograph can realize full EPC electronic flow control, realize full computer control of
the instrument, and can be equipped with a high-precision liquid automatic sampler. It can be
widely used in many fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, environmental protection,
food safety, disease control, education and scientific research, and can analyze the macro, micro
and trace amounts of organic matter, inorganic matter and gas.

• Features:
o High-precision gas flow control system (EPC)
o High-precision gas flow control, to ensure the accuracy of GC analysis, to ensure the
efficiency of daily analysis, EPC control accuracy 0.01psi
o It realizes the self-protection of gas circuit failure, automatic ignition, re-ignition, automatic
opening of the gas circuit, and one-key start.
o A variety of control combination modes of operation, automatic pressure and flow adjustment,
control and display, can operate in gas-saving mode

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 o 7-inch industrial color LCD screen design, more complete display information, more
reasonable interface operation
o Adopt resistive touch screen, feel good, durable, double operation of screen and software to
achieve seamless connection
o Modular structure design, easy to upgrade, can be equipped with a variety of high-performance
detectors such as FID, TCD, ECD, FPD and NPD, etc., to meet the analysis needs of complex
samples
o Advanced sampler design, unique liner structure and special processing technology to ensure
zero adsorption of samples
o Adapt to a variety of sample injection methods such as: headspace sampler, thermal desorption
analyzer, liquid automatic sampler, easily competent for the analysis of various sample types
o Timed self-starting program can easily complete the laboratory online analysis of gas and
liquid samples
o 3 independent connection threads that can be connected to local, laboratory supervisors and
authorities, allowing them to monitor the operation of the instrument and analyze the data in
real time.

HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER

• High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) is equipment which is employed for sampling large
volumes of atmospheric air for collecting the contained particulate matter by filtration. The
particulate matter is defined as finely divided solids or liquids that may be dispersed through
the air from combustion processes, industrial activities or natural sources.

• An instrument called a high volume air sampler is used to collect TSP samples. The high volume air
sampler draws a large known volume of air through a pre-weighed filter for 24 hours.
• High volume air samplers typically sample more than 1500 cubic metres (m3) of air over a 24-hour
period.

HAZDUST EPAM 5000

• The SKC EPAM-5000 is a high sensitivity real-time particulate monitor designed for ambient
environmental and indoor air quality applications. This unit combines traditional filter techniques with real-
time monitoring methods. These techniques combined overcome limitations of all other aerosol monitoring
products.

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• Provides real-time display of:
o Particulate exposure levels.
o TWA, STEL, Min, and Max levels.
o PM 1.0, PM 2.5, PM 10, or TSP.
o Stored data by location code.
• Operational features:
o On-screen programming of sampling and data storage parameters.
o Real-time clock.
o User selectable audible alarm.
o In-field zero and span check of instrument calibration.
• Working principles:
o The SKC EPAM-5000 uses the principle of near-forward light scattering of an infrared radiation to
immediately and continuously measure the concentration in mg/m3 of airborne dust particles.
o This principle utilizes an infrared light source positioned at a 90-degree angle from a photo detector.
o As the airborne particles enter the infrared beam, they scatter the light. The amount of light received by
the photo detector is directly proportional to the aerosol concentration.
o A unique signal processes internally and compensates for noise and drift. This allows high resolution, low
detection limits and excellent base line stability.

SOUND LEVEL METER

• The SC260 is a user-friendly, class 2 integrating sound level meter. It can be used as either a
sound level meter or as a real time spectral analyser with 1/1 or 1/3-octave bands - with class 2
filters.
• The SC260 measures all functions simultaneously, with all frequency-weightings. Amongst these
are all the functions necessary to calculate the basic indices for the acoustic evaluation of most
countries in the world: S, F and I functions, equivalent continuous levels, percentiles,
impulsiveness indices, peak levels, sound exposure levels, short functions, etc.

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• The free memory space can be also configured as a circular memory. This feature along with the
possibility of downloading data simultaneously to its storage, converts the SC260 into the perfect
platform for permanent acoustic monitoring.
• The microphone is detachable. It can therefore be uncoupled and moved away from the SC260 by
means of an extension cable (CNRITV). The instrument can be complemented with an outdoor kit
for making measurements in the open air.

ADVANCE RESEARCH MICROSCOPE

• The Motic binocular microscope has premium Plan UC optics for higher education level teaching. 1W
LED low consumption illumination provides cool LED color and long illumination life. The built-in USB
2.0 allows for easy integration of USB cameras or battery packs.
• The ergonomical shape of the stand and the comfortability of the different heads, enables fatigue-free
viewing for many hours.
• Objective Lenses: Color Corrected Infinity Optical System. Plan UC Achromat objectives 4x, 10x, 40xs
objectives are included with option for 100xs oil. Select when ordering. Objectives are Pb free and
mounted on reversed quadruple nosepiece.
• Head: 25º inclined, 360º rotatable binocular Siedentopf head.
• Eyepieces: Interpupillary distance is adjustable from 48-75mm. Dual diopters of +/-5. UC-WF10x/20
eyepieces. Accepts 25mm diameter eyepiece reticle.
• Total Magnification: 40x, 100x, 400x, 1000x

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 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER
• Cost-effective – top performance at low investment and operating costs
• Simple – easy handling thanks to user-friendly concepts
• Reliable – stable measuring conditions due to robust components and clever design
• Powerful – high throughput due to integrated sampling and dilution

AUTOCLAVE
• Yamato’s SN high-pressure autoclaves are built with a dedicated top-notch cooling fan for faster cool
down times. It is also topped off with an intuitive timer & pre-heating program, which allows to heat up the
chamber before sterilization to reduce the duration of cycle times & formation of condensation. Combined,
these features provide with more enhanced drying results & a more efficient use of your time.

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• Operation and functions:
o Maximum sterilizing temperature goes up to 135°C suitable for protein modification
o By simple setting and operation, these sterilizers manage ordinary sterilization, sterilization of culture
media and liquids, and melting of culture media
o Custom programs can be saved for repeated use
o Standard equipped with timer start and pre-heating features for efficient use of time and cooling fan to
shorten cool down time
o Mobile on wheels
• Safety Features:
o Lid interlock mechanism
o Drain bottle unset alarm
o Memory malfunction
o Automatic shutdown when malfunction
o Self-diagnostic functions

BIO-REACTOR
• Bioreactor with lid stand: First laboratory bioreactor with a stand. The lid never has to be put down. The
motor is hooked onto the side of the stand and the sensors are safely stowed away. All this ensures
ergonomic working, a tidy laboratory and faster emptying.
• Mixing mode: In Chaotic Mode, the mixing of the reactor content follows the mathematical principle of
chaotic-dynamic systems. This ensures even faster and more effective mixing.
• Individual PID handling: The individual PID handling gives laboratories control options for scaling
growth processes. The administrator does not have to be a simulation expert. If the temperature values are
manipulated, the software checks the consequences of the change for the processes.

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• Broad range of applications: Depending on the type of cells to be cultivated, laboratories can use the new
tool as a bioreactor or - in combination with IKA thermostats - as a fermenter. By connecting LED light
panels, the system even becomes a photobioreactor.
• Short training time: Right from the first handle, the detachable tablet and intuitive operating software
make the work easier. The system's intelligent calibration management makes the calibration of
temperature, pH and DO sensors straightforward. All test components (reactor size, stirrer, etc.) and all
measurements are stored. And the four integrated peristaltic pumps facilitate cell harvesting. Thus, the
entire handling is simple and the learning time is short. Longer experiments can run safely without
permanent personal supervision on site.

BOD MONITOR
• The BOD system, consisting of the sample bottle and the BOD sensor, represents a closed
system. In the bottle, above the sample itself, is a defined volume of air.
• During the BOD measurement, the bacteria in the sample consume the dissolved oxygen in the
sample. This is replaced by oxygen in the bottle above the sample.
• The carbon dioxide released at the same time react with the potassium hydroxide in the seal
gasket. This generates a decrease in pressure within the system. This is measured by the BOD
sensor and displayed as a BOD value in mg/l O2.

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 DEEP FREEZER
• Salient Features
o Six advanced temperature sensors
o Microprocessor controller for precision temperature
o Security control alarm systems for various malfunctions
o Three different alarm methods: buzzer, light flash and remote alarm
o Multi-protective function: time delayed power-on
o Temperature recorders and printers
o Inner and outer double door design for effective insulation
o LED lighting inside for content visibility
o Multi-layer movable shelves
o Universal castors with locking facility

Double Beam UV Spectrophotometer

• A double beam spectrophotometer is used for the measurement of transmittance or reflectance of
analytes in a sample. The samples used here are transparent or opaque solids, like polished
glass, or gases that can be used as solvents. It is seen that many types of biochemicals come
colored, due to which they absorb visible light or ultraviolet light. The transmitted light can be
measured by colorimetric procedures within the spectrophotometer. Even the colorless
biochemicals used here can be converted to colored compounds for the process. It is suitable for
chromogenic color-forming reactions to result in compounds suitable for colorimetric analysis in
a single and double beam spectrophotometer.

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• Though it is seen that they can also be designed to measure the diffusivity of many analytes.
This could happen on any of the listed light ranges which any researcher uses in his or her
biological research. Here, the light rays usually cover around the range of 200 nm - 2500 nm by
using different controls and calibrations used in the spectrophotometers. Within these ranges of
light beams, calibrations are needed on the instrument using standards that vary in type
depending on the wavelengths of light in the photometric determination.
• A double beam spectrophotometer uses ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and visible rays for the
transmission process. However, the modern and recent spectrophotometers use a wide spectrum
of electromagnetic wavelengths, that includes ultraviolet rays, x-rays, visible rays, infrared rays,
microwave rays for the reflection and transmission process.

Flue Gas Analyzer

• Flue gas analyzer are based on Dual Beam NDIR/ Micro-flow NDIR/UV-DOAS/NDUV/TDLAS/ECD
technologies for CO, CO2, CH4,SO2, NO, NO2,NH3,O2 measurement from PPM level to
percentage.Which are widely used in various applications,such as Boiler, furnace exhaust emission gas
and combustion efficiency monitoring, cement production line process and security monitoring.
• Multigas analysis, supported by automatic zero calibration and continuous system diagnostics,
excellent analytical performance is maintained throughout a long-life eight-hour battery charge.
• All major flue gases are monitored, including oxygen, carbon monoxide (low, H2 compensated,
high), sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (both NO and NO2), carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide,
and hydrocarbons. The standard probe is suitable for most applications and is available in
lengths from 0.3 m (1 ft) to 3 m (10 ft). High-temperature and DrySampler probes are available
for the most challenging conditions. Optional probes allow to measure smoke spot number and
flow velocity.
• Data is displayed on the intuitive multi-language interface. An internal data logger stores your
measurements for analysis, and data can be imported directly into any spreadsheet. or viewed
using the free Insight data acquisition software system so you can make process decisions with
more confidence, more quickly.

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