Review either Chapter 9 or Chapter 10 and write a 500-word summary of the chapter and explain

some of the chapter’s key factors

CHAPTER 9 - GEOGRAPHIES OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Chapter 9 focuses mainly on geographies of food and agriculture. The first factor that we will
analyze is geography of food. In general, the geography of food is a field of human
geography. It concentrates on patterns of food production and consumption on the local to
global scale. The geographical location and development situation have a significant impact
on global famines. Famine is widespread in a given area and leads to malnutrition or
starvation of a large population. According to the ONZ, India, China and Bangladesh were at
least 5 million hungry people between 2000 and 2002. These countries are mostly known for
their large population and difficult conditions for live. India belongs to the so-called BRICS
group, whose development is said to be driving the world marker, however in this country
there are plentiful numbers of poor people. In India, 37% of people have a body mass index of
less than 18.5 points and according to the World Health Organization, this is the limit to
malnutrition. 47% of children under the age of five do not reach a normal weight. 57 million
children in India are underweight. Every year, 2 million children die of malnutrition five years
ago. Children with acute malnutrition are nine times more likely to die of diarrhea, measles,
malaria or AIDS. For many people in India, hunger is a natural thing to which they have been
accustomed for generations. The problem of hunger in that country is largely due to poor
organization and corruption. Also, the main causes of hunger include political mistakes,
armed conflicts and natural disasters. For example, the famine in the Somali peninsula was a
consequence of the drought in East Africa. Many refugees from southern Somalia fled to
Kenya and Ethiopia, where many people died of overpopulation, malnutrition and unhygienic
conditions. According to aid organizations, the famine in Somalia claimed 260,000 deaths and
half of them were children under five years of age. Another example is the famine in Yemen,
which began in 2015 after the outbreak of civil war. In 2017, more than 17 million of people
were at risk of famine, of whom 6.8 million needed immediate help. As a result of the conflict
with Saudi Arabia, food delivery facilities such as ports, factories, farms, fishing boats, food
warehouses and other civilian buildings were frequently attacked. United Nations named this
situation as the worst famine in the world in 100 years. The second factor that we are focusing
on is agricultural geography. Agricultural geography is a department of social-economic
geography that investigates the interrelationships between agriculture and the geographical
environment. Considering the specific features of agriculture, it shall examine mostly
geographical and economic situation, ground sculpture, agroclimatic, water conditions and
soil. There are three revolutionary phases of agricultural development - domestication of
plants and animals, developments in biotechnology and industrial innovation. The first phase
involved the domestication of seeds and animals. Secondly, there were improvements in
production and innovations to increase agricultural productivity, such as corn picker. The
third was based on inputs such as field drainage systems and fertilizers.