80 HARMONIC EXCITATION OF I -DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS [CHAP.

which is a quadratic equation in {2 whose roots are

Substituting Mm.. = 5.44 and noting that use of the positive sign in the ± choice leads to a damping
ratio greater than I/Yz leads to { = 0.092.

3.13 An 82-kg machine too l is m o unted on a n e lastic fo und ation . An experim e nt is run to
determine th e stiffness a nd d a mping prop e rties o f the foundation. When th e tool is
excited wit h a harmonic force of magnitude 8000 N at a va rie ty of frequencies , the
maximum steady-state amplit ude obtained is 4.1 m at a frequency of 40 Hz. Use this
information to estimate the stiffn ess and damping ratio of the foundation .
Using E gs. (3.10) and (3. 14), the maximum steady-state amplitude is related to the damping
ratio by
2
M = _ _I __ =nlwn X mu (3.47)
m .. 2{~ F"
Then from Eq . (3.15) the natural frequency and the frequency at which the maximum steady-sta te
amplitude occurs are related by
m
r mM = V I - 2{' = W ..
w.

Wm .. ~
W. = V I _ 2{'

which whe n substituted into Eq . (3.47), leads to

'nW~a"XfTl"~ I
( I - 2t)F;, 2{~

(82 kg)[(40 ~)(2Jr ~)]'(O.OO4 I m)

(1 - 2t)(8000 N) 2{VI - t
Substituting give n and calcu lated values a nd rearrangi ng leads to
28.20{'(1 - {') = (I - 2t)'
t - t + 0.03107 = 0
{= 0.179, 0.984

However, since a maxi mum steady-state amplitude is attained onl y for { < l/Yz, {= 0.179. Eq.
(3. 15) is used to determine the natura l frequency as

(40 CYcle)(2Jr~)
w = __
w_ = S cycle 255.5 rad
• ~ VI (0. 179)' s
fro m which the foundation 's stiffness is calculated:
_ rad)' N
k = mw.' = (82 kg) ( 2)5.5 -;- = 5.35 X 10' ;;;

3.14 A 35-kg e lectric motor that oper ates at 60 Hz is m o unted on a n e las ti c found a tio n of
stiffness 3 X 106 N/m. The phase difference between th e excitation and the steady-state
respo nse is 21°. What is the d a m p ing ra tio of the syste m ?