Vitamin C

Analysis of
Fruit Juics

Name: Manav Rajesh

Class: XII A
GRno: 6795
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank all the people who sincerely
have been concerned with the completion of this
project.

Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt

gratitude to my Principal, Ms Sanchitha Verma and
my chemistry teacher, Ms Sabira Seni and Ms.
Jomol Chacko for her vital support and guidance
which has helped me in completing this project.

Secondly, I would like to thank my parents for their

constant support. And finally, I would like to thank
my friends who helped me complete this project
within the given time frame.
 AIM
To find the amount of vitamin
C in fruit juices by using
titration
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin C is present in fruits and
vegetables. Citrus fruits like Oranges,
and Lemon and vegetables like broccoli,
cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts are
collectively known as cruciferous
vegetables. We find the amount of
vitamin C by redox titration

 THEORY
It is determined by redox titration using
iodine. As iodine is added during the
titration it oxidised ascorbic acid to
dehydroascorbic acid So once all ascorbic
acid is oxidised excess iodine is free to react
with starch indicating the blue-black starch
iodine complex. This is the endpoint

the redox reaction happening during tiration

 MATERIALS AND
CHEMICALS USED
2X100 ML VOLUMETRIC FLASK
DISTILLED WATER
100 ML MEASURING CYLINDER
BEAKER 400ML
100ML X 2 BEAKERS
100ML CONICAL FLASK
DROPPERS
SPATULA
FUNNEL
BURETTE

IODINE SOLUTION
1%STARCH SOLUTION
LEMON JUICE
ORANGE JUICE

 PROCEDURE
1% Starch Indicator Solution

1. Add 0.50 g soluble starch to 50

near-boiling distilled water.
2. Mix well and allow to cool before
use. (doesn't have to be 1%; 0.5% is
fine)

Iodine Solution
1. Pour this solution into a 500 ml
graduated cylinder and dilute it to
a final volume of 500 ml with
distilled water.

2. Mix the solution.

3. Transfer the solution to a 600 ml

beaker. Label the beaker as your
iodine solution.
 Vitamin C Standard Solution
1. Dissolve 0.250 g vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in 100 ml
distilled water.
2. Dilute to 250 ml with distilled water in a volumetric flask.
Label the flask as your vitamin C standard solution.

Standardising Solutions
1. Add 25.00 ml of vitamin C standard solution to a 125 ml
Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Add 10 drops of 1% starch solution.
3. Rinse your buret with a small volume of the iodine solution
and then fill it. Record the initial volume.
4. Titrate the solution until the endpoint is reached. This will
be when you see the first sign of blue colour that persists
after 20 seconds of swirling the solution.
5. Record the final volume of the iodine solution. The volume
that was required is the starting volume minus the final
volume.
6. Repeat the titration at least twice more. The results should
agree within 0.1 ml.
 Vitamin C Titration
Titrating Juice Samples
1. Add 25.00 ml of juice sample to a 125 ml
Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Titrate until the endpoint is reached. (Add iodine
solution until you get a color that persists longer
than 20 seconds.)
3. Repeat the titration until you have at least three
measurements that agree to within 0.1 ml.

Titrating Real Lemon

Real Lemon is nice to use because the maker lists vitamin C,

so you can compare your value with the packaged value. You
can use another packaged lemon or lime juice, provided the
amount of vitamin C is listed on the packaging. Keep in mind,
the amount can change (diminish) once the container has
been opened or after it has been stored for a long time.
1. Add 10.00 ml of Real Lemon into a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Titrate until you have at least three measurements that
agree within 0.1 ml of iodine solution.
 Other Samples
● Vitamin C Tablet - Dissolve the tablet in ~100 ml distilled
water. Add distilled water to make 200 ml of solution in a
volumetric flask.
● Fresh Fruit Juice - Strain the juice through a coffee filter or
cheesecloth to remove pulp and seeds, since they could get
stuck in the glassware.
● Packaged Fruit Juice - This also may require straining.
● Fruits & Vegetables - Blend a 100 g sample with ~50 ml of
distilled water. Strain the mixture. Wash the filter with a few
milliliters of distilled water. Add distilled water to make a final
solution of 100 ml in a volumetric flask.

How to Calculate
Vitamin C
Titration Calculations
1. Calculate the ml of titrant used for each flask. Take the
measurements you obtained and average them. average
volume = total volume/number of trials

 2. Determine how much titrant was required for your

standard. If you needed an average of 10.00 ml of iodine
solution to react with 0.250 grams of vitamin C, then you can
determine how much vitamin C was in a sample.
3. Keep in mind the volume of your sample, so you can make
other calculations, such as grams per litre.

 OBSERVATION
ORANGE JUICE OBSERVATION TABLE

Trial 1 Trail 2

Type of juice Orange juice Orange juice

Volume of juice (mL) 10mL 10mL

Final burette reading 34.5mL 38mL

Initial burette reading 50mL 50mL

Total ml iodine solution

15.5mL 11mL
used

mg ascorbic acid in
titrated sample

15.5mL x 0.19mg/mL = 11mL x 0.19mg/mL =

2.945mg 2.09mg
(total mL iodine used) *
(avg mg ascorbic acid /
mL iodine)

mg ascorbic acid in
294.5mg 209mg
100mL of juice

average mg/mL = 251.75

mg/mL
 APPLE JUICE OBSERVATION TABLE

Trial 1 Trial 2

Type of juice Apple Apple

Volume of juice 10mL 10mL

Final burette reading 36mL 30mL

Initial burette reading 100mL 100mL

Total mL of iodine
64mL 70mL
solution used

mg ascorbic acid in
titrated sample

64mL x 0.19mg/mL = 70mL x 0.19mg/mL =

12.16mg 13.3mg
(total mL iodine used) *
(avg mg ascorbic acid /
mL iodine)

mg ascorbic acid in
1216mg 1330mg
100mL of juice

average mg/mL = 1273

mg/mL
 RESULT
After titration blue-black colour was obtained
as the endpoint
 Conclusion
It is accepted that orange juice has a higher
amount of vitamin C compared to apple juice.
Its also proven experimentally.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buAYVpzb1BA

2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5opl3CvQKU

3)Saraswathi Lab Manual Chemistry - XII

4)www.britancia.com

5)www.wolframalpha.com