PART Ill Stress in Words and Sentences Chapter 5 Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers Chapter § Stress in Words with Suffixes Chapter 7 Rhythm in Phrases and Sentences. RR Lc] DUCHAPTER 5 Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers OBJECTIVES: In this chapter, you will learn: = common stress patterns in words with more than one syllable. + how to make a syllable sound stressed in English. SUMMARY In words with two or more syllables, one syllable is extra-long and extra-clear. We say that this syllable has primary stress. Stress is an important part of making yourself understood when speaking English. Oo. > fi-nal cof-fee cO > repeat —cor-reet 2Oo> = Alaska de-ve-lop EXERCISE 1 EY [Listen and check the word or phrase you hear. CD 1; Track 45 1 ivy vw 2. decade decayed 3. desert dessert 4, one person one pereent 5. tutors two tours 6. character corrector 7. homesick home sick 8.___ written retain 9. history his story 10. fifty fifteen 1 ordered an I, not an vy: DID YOU 7} ryousstress the wrong syllable in ike history, KNOW £ it may sound like like his story. If you stress syllables equally in We have tutors, it might sound like We have two tours. Stress patterns help listeners recognize words in connected speech. If word stress is wrong, the listener might not understand you—even if all of your sounds are correct! A CD Listen to each pair from part A. Can you hear the difference in stress? CD 1; Track 46 Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers 39EXERCISE 2 E¥ Ci) Listen and draw the stress pattern next to each word. Use large dots for the stressed syllables and small dots for the unstressed syllables. CD 1; Track 47 1. secret Oo 7. provide sai 2.compare 20 8. Steven aes 3. relaxes 9. presented 4, succeed os: 10. Jacob 5. office atta: 11. daydream 6. haircut __ 12.concept Bi ED Listen to part A again. Touch each circle as you hear each syllable. CD 1; Track 48 DS) Eee English word stress is variable. Sometimes it is hard to know which syllable to stress. Fortunately, there are general rules that can help. For example: * about 90% of two-syllable nouns have first-syllable stress: problem, freedom, baggage + most two-syllable names also have first-syllable stress: David, Justin, Sarah, Lauren However, remember that there are exceptions to every rule! Word Stress in Compound Nouns [1 Listen for the primary stress. CD 1; Track 49 password forgot my password deadline met the deadline post office the nearest post office Circle the correct answer to complete the rule. [EEQIGSERI The primary stress usually falls on the (first / second) noun in ‘compound nouns.* ‘Note: I the second noun is made out of the material in the frst noun, stress both nouns, but put the primary stress on the second noun (wool coat, cream cheese, plastic bags, paper towels, and apple pie). DID YOU 77) what makes a sylable sound stressed in English? KN OW 1a ‘The vowel sound is full and clear. stu-dent + The vowel sound is often higher in pitch student + The vowel sound is especially long, stun-dentEXERCISE 3 EY £7 Listen and repeat these compound nouns. Open your fist as you say the syllable with primary stress. CD 1; Track 50 ve cell - phone Compound Nouns ; Written as one word carpool football gieltriend network database headset keypad restroom feedback homework laptop watermelon Written as two words air conditioner eredit card phone call seat belt coffee pot health care rush hour tech support each. GI Choose two compound nouns from the box and write a sentence Dictate your sentences from part B to your partner. Write the sentences your partner dictates. EXERCISE 4 EY Work with a partner. Student A asks the question. Student B closes the book and gives the answer. Student A: What do you call Student B 1. a machine that washes dishes a dishwasher 2. keys for a car car keys 3. glasses for wearing in the sun sunglasses 4, an ache in your back a backache Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers 4142, Chapter 5. cards with your name and business business cards 6.a store that sells drugs a drugstore 7. school for the study of law Jaw school EA switch roles. Student B: What do you call Student A 8, the man who dresses like a bat Batman 9. food service in a hotel room room service 10. a dryer for hair a hair dryer 11. a book for writing notes a notebook 12. a sharpener for pencils a pencil sharpener 13. a description of a job a job description 14, a bus that takes children to school a school bus Word Stress in Numbers 50 and 15 Listen for the primary stress. CD 1; Track 51 50/15 _twelve-fifty / twelve fifteen 40/14 gate forty / gate fourteen 30/13 bus number thirty / bus number thirteen Circle the correct answer to complete the rule ‘Stress the (first / second) syllable in most ten numbers (20, 30, 40). « stress the (frst / second) syllable in -teen numbers when they are the last word in the phrase. snot: When the ten numbers inthe middle ofthe phase, eng sresed, but he est yb has Fe ete Ustening confusion more ey occur in these ces. lhty, Ce. Ween dlls. Oe TIP YW Thirty or Thirteen? When you listen to North American English, another way to distinguish between ‘numbers like thity and thirteen s the pronunciation of /t/. In -teen numbers, /t/ is clearly pronounced. In aay ten numbers like thirty, however, // sounds like a quick /: ford, sevendy,eighdy,rinedysentence that matches. ‘We need to get off at Exit 19. 1. a. We need to get off at Exit 19. b. We need to get off at Exit 90. 2. a. I'd like to make a reservation for 16. b. I'd like to make a reservation for 60. 3. a. Our flight leaves in 15 minutes. b. Our flight leaves in 50 minutes. 4, a. We have 19 problems for homework. b, We have 90 problems for homework. 5.a. You get a discount of 15%. b. You get a discount of 50%. I switch rotes and repeat part A. EXERCISE 5 EY Work with a partner. Student A, say sentence a or b. Student 8, listen and read the This is 18, soiit’s the next exit, This is 18, so it’s the next exit. This is 89, so it’s the next exit. Certainly. You can reserve our table for 16. Sorry, We can't handle groups that large. We'd better hurry! Good. We don’t have to rush. That won't take too long. That will take all night! That's not very much. Wow! That's a great deal, Work in small groups. Discuss the answer you think is correct in each statement. 1. In 2013, about (17% / 70%) of the U.S. population was Latino o Hispanic. 2. Until around (1918 / 1980), most immigrants to the U.S. were Italian. 3. Close to (13% / 30%) of Americans can hold a conversation in a second language. 4, About (15% / 50%) of all Europeans speak at least one additional language. 5. Around (15% / 509%) of Americans describe themselves as shy. 6. Most North Americans consider Friday unlucky date. the (13th / 30th) to be an 7. In Italy, (17 / 70) is considered to be an unlucky number. 8. In 2012, driver distraction caused (18% / 80%) of all fatal car crashes in the US. 9. About (15% / 50%) of traffic deaths around the world are pedestrians or cyclists. 10. In 2012, about (18% / 80%) of all Americans smoked cigarettes. Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers 43Word Stress in Two Syllable Noun-Verb Pairs El] Listen to the change in stress in the nouns and verbs. CD 1; Track 54 Nouns Verbs conduct ...good conduct conduct ...conducts the orchestra Present ...past, present, and future present _...presented the award record ...broke a record record ...record your message Circle the corect answers to complete the rule ‘Stress the (first / second) syllable in nouns and the (first / second) syllable in verbs.” “Note: Not all two-sylable noun-ve pairs shit stress (e.g, @ report and to report; a reply and to reply; {an answer and to answer). See Appendix B for a mare complete list of noun-verb pais with and without stress shit Word Stress in Two-Word Verbs Cl Listen to the stress in these two-word verbs. CD 1; Track 55 print out try to print it out check out ..ready to check out drop out —_...don’t drop out Circle the correct answer to complete the rule. Two-word verbs are often stressed on the (first / second) word. Noun partners of these verbs have primary stress on the first word (e.g., verb: print out; noun: printout). EXERCISE 8 EY Work with a partner. Student A, say word a or word b. Student B, listen and read the sentence that matches. oe neuaree Student A Student B 1. a. object They've been studying objects in the night sky. b. object We didn’t objeet to the decision, 2. a. produce Garlic is in the produce section. b. produce What country produces the most coffee? 3. a. workout He was tired after his workout. b. work out She works out every morning. Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers 45LX Cow listen to the correct answers to part A. Circle the answer you hear. Tell your group which facts surprised you. CD 1; Track 52 Word Stress in Two Syllable Verbs [Many English verbs consist of a prefix (e.g., de-) and a root (e.g,, -cide). Listen for the primary stress. CD 1; Track 53 decide decide on the next step convince convince him to go refer refer to your notes Cirle the correct answer to complete the rue. [UTES In two-syllable verbs with a prefix, stress the (prefix / root form). EXERCISE 7 EY Work with a partner. Use the root forms to write at least three more two-syllable verbs in each column, Root Forms ~ceive -duce -port -tain -clude fend sent tend -cord fine serve -vent dict -pect “sume vert Two-Syllable Verbs con- de- pre- re convert deceive preserve record contain deport prevent receive A Work as a class. Share the words you and your partner wrote in part A. The class should repeat the words after the teacher.4,ahandout —_Look at the examples on your handout. b.hand out The prizes have been handed out. 5.a.breakup What caused the breakup of the marriage? b. break up My boyfriend (girlfriend) broke up with me. ED switch roles. Student B, say word a or word b. Student A, listen and read the sentence that matches. 6. a. present forgot to take the present to the wedding. b. present She used a chart to present the data. 7. a. layoff When will the layoffs be announced? b. lay off My company laid off ten more employees. 8. a. project The final project is due on Wednesday. b. project Can you project future earnings? 9. a, cleanup The cleanup began after the oil spl b. cleanup —_This apartment needs to be cleaned up! 10. a, suspect What was the suspect wearing? b. suspect His doctor suspects he has Alzheimer’s. nT ‘Stress in Abbreviations [Listen to the stress in the abbreviations. CD 1; Track 56 €D (compact disc) EU (European Union) MA (Master of Arts) CNN (Cable News Network) Circle the correct answer to complete the rule Say each letter of an abbreviation clearly and separately. The (first / last) letter has the strongest stress. 48 Chapter 5© 2007 andy Cater, senseeren on “My teacher isn’t qualified to teach spelling! She spells U ‘y-o-w’. She spells BRB ‘r-e-t-u-r-n’. She spells BEN ‘g-0-0-d-b-y-c"...” EXERCISE 9 EY Work with a partner. Student A, ask the questions and monitor Student B’s answers. Student B, close your book and answer the questions. Student A: What is the abbreviation for... Student B 1. Los Angeles? lA 2. Automated Teller Machine? Am™ 3. Medical Doctor? MD 4. Information Technology? 7 5. Emergency Room? RR EX switch roles. student B, ask the questions and monitor Student A’s answers. Student A, close your book and answer the questions, Student B: What is the abbreviation for... Student A 6. Chief Executive Officer? ceo 7. Very important Person? vip 8. Grade Point Average? GPA 9. Best Friend Forever? BFF 10. Estimated Time of Arrival? ETA Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers 47i with your partner, look at the images and decide what the abbreviations mean. Then check your answers with your class. 11. What does the abbreviation mean? 12. What does the abbreviation mean? 13. What does the abbreviation mean? 14, What does the abbreviation mean? 48, Chapter 5Ge geGuacy TechFest Conference EEX Work with a partner. Mark the stress patterns in these words, using large and small dots. ike Z break room eighteenth Portland signup take down cell number notice sales managers sixteenth _TechFest include office set up sixty GX Check your answers with your class. Then practice saying the'words with your partner. Imagine the e-mail server at work was down. Only half of the employees received an e-mail message about a conference. Student A, deliver the key information in the e-mail below to your partner. Student 8, do not look at the email. Take notes on the information. Notes: peseesrseee iit sriseewer te tet ecoetitt we From: BCBA-Group.com To: Sales managers Subject: TechFest Conference This is a notice about TechFest in Portland from the sixteenth to the eighteenth next month. Our office will have a booth at the conference for the first two days. We need one volunteer to set up the booth and another to take it down. We also need all sales managers to sign up for at least one sixty-minute shift. Signup sheets are in the break room. Please include your cell number on the sheet. ‘Thanks. DI Compare Student B's notes with the e-mail. Word Stress in Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers 49,Milky Stress In Nouns, Verbs, and Numbers Imagine that you have had something stolen. You call the police to file a report. The officer asks you to describe what happened. EEN Work with a partner. Choose Case 1 or Case 2, Mark the stress patterns in the underlined words using large and small circles. Case 1 Sunday, Wie between midnight and 6:30 a.m.; somebody broke in to your Honda Civic; smashed out a window; stole your laptop, GPS, ‘and checkbook—all were in the glove compartment; the car was parked on campus in lot B-18. Case 2 Monday, ir) 12:15 p.m,; your backpack was stolen from the study lounge in the computer lab; witnesses saw somebody pick it up and run off; contents included your cell phone, debit card, and textbooks; value about $350. EX Work with a partner. Practice reporting the incident. For homework, record yourself giving the report. Listen to the recording before | submitting it to the teacher. Write down three words or phrases with accurate stress patterns. 80 Chapter 5