4. Why's it easier to walk on a carpeted floor than on a smooth, polished floor? due to the contact forces, friction, &. 5. When a rifle is fired, how does the size of the force of the rifle on the bullet compare to the force of the bullet on the rifle?” seme py, 7 —— in direction + opposite - How do the accelerations ofthe rifle and bullet compare? 4y~ bylle+— smaller mass > greater qeceleratv, SFle Shas a bigger mass >. less accelerat¥ou 6. Ita Bicycle and a massive truck head-on collision, upon which vehicle is the impact force greater? Force 8 graferwith truck Fema ye = Which vehicle underaoed’the greater change in acceleration? a dig es norti bicycle becawe tL hes Jess macs lO! 7. Apair of 50 N weights are attached to a spring Scale as shown in the diagram. Does the scale read 0, 50, or 100 N? zero! DD 8. The strongman will push the two initially stationary freight cars of equal mass apart before he himself drops to the ground. Is it possible for him to sef either of the cars in greater motion than the other? Tub Bs. Ve ce We ie epee ve will undergo ev o, L dit ibbe tries to push one with sig force Lhe ther Eel ‘wqbsoch “en Lo vorPhey val 9. Suppose two carts, one twice as massive asthe other, fy apart when the 9 P% compressed spring that joins them is released. Afterwards, how do their speeds compare? The smaller car will move faster since i¢ has Jess jner tie (mass) The bigger car bas more mass, s0itwill accelerate af 4 slower pace 10, Two people of equal mass afempt a tug-of-war with a 12-meter rope while Standing on fctionless ine. When they pullon the rope, they each sie toward each other How far does each person sie before they meet? eae slide towards each ether, then the Y vece thust be the same, the wad meet inthe middle, euch roves 6m 11. Suppose inthe preceding example that one person has twice the mass ofthe other. How far does each person sie befor hey meet? i. atesledatton 13 0ekin dalf =m a> re 1B if they both apply same heavier will more Bm 2 ps” force 12. A orse pults a wagon with some force, causing Itt accelerate. Newton's tied law says thatthe wagon exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the horse. How can the wagon move? Because the forces ute | applied te 2 different objects (no+Me Urn horse acts m the wagen wagon ack on +he horseCONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS NEWTON'S FIRST LAW If you were in a spaceship and fired a cannonball into space, how No ee would have to be exerted on the ball to keep it moving once it has left the spaceship? No force 15 pemise to bo exerted a the bell-> theres ne gravity o 1 frichon jh space ball will contrave fo constten# metre. az Many automobile ‘passengers have suffered neck injuries when struck by cars rg ya How ed fe fhe beck does Newton's law of inertia apply here? } oad tok fo fhe neck, ceustg Poe nclIRG wh plas h - How do headrests help to guard against this type of injury? , when the Bl siclags bee es will rot feck back weeds land Say eadres7 > nimizing iayuet sobble you place a ball in Aladle a wagon, and then accelerate inetlagnntard. Describe the motion of the ¢ relative to the ground. The ball weats to stay stationary relefive to Hhe yon d -__ Describe its motion relative to the wagor The ball wii! op eat te be moving back to the Qa al If an elephant wan 9 you, its enormous mass would be most threatening. But if you zigzagged, its mass would be to your advantage. Why? Elephont has lacge Inertia, an d cenrot 219229 y, Two closed containers look the same, but one is packed with lead and the uw, p/ other with a few feathers. How could you determine which has more mass if you and the gontiners were ores in a weightless conditign in outer space? ith I. teh both of op agill equa Force, the me with lets mass ‘A metal ball is put into the end of the tube indicated by the arrow. The ball is then shot out of the other end of the tube at high speed. Pick the path the ball will follow after it exits the tube. Note - you are looking down on these tubes, they are not vertical. Goo How much support force does a table exert on a book that weighs 15 N when the book is placed on the ‘able? IGN ~ What if hand pushes down on the book with a force of 20? 3S N What if a rope lifts up on the book with a force of 10 N? (The hand is no longer there.) When a 100 N bag of nails hangs motionless from a single vertical strand of rope, how many newtons of tension are exerted in the strand? oON ‘What ifthe bag is supported by four vertical strands? 25 at each strand9. Anobject weighs 98 N on Earth. How much does it weigh on Planet X where the acceleration due to Fema Wem g 96N= M8 35) ™ welolg ors B) 9 PlonetX m=lokg weit Navtons? 10. The little girl in the diagram at the right hangs at rest from the ends of the rope. How does the reading on the scale compare to her weight? half her weight 11. Ifthe force of friction acting on a sliding crate is 100 N, how much force must be applied fo maintain a conelantvelosiy? ~ What wil be the net force acting on the crate? 1OON. ~ What wil be the acceleration? rey be cause oF constin | velocity . | ne changein speed = zero Seed, 12. How much does an astronaut sigh out 4 ee ey any pipnets? nothing —> weiy htless because no grav “ty 13. If suddenly the force of gravity S, ‘sun stopped acting on the planets, in ie kind of path would the planets move? straigh line NEWTON'S SECOND LAW 1. _ Ifthe forces exerted on a 2-kg object are 50 N east and 30 N west, what is object's acceleration? Noe 22" Fre}= 50-30 Fnefr20N Fref=ma L-g a= Zo =lom 2. Suppose a cart is being pushed by a certain net ove I"the net force is doubled, by vi rhuch_ “s2 does the acceleration change? \ a-E if Foor as ¥E a is doubled im 3. Suppose’a cart is being moved by a certain net force. If a Looe is dumped into the cart, so its mass is doubled, by how much does the acceleration change? 2 9” gis hal ved G=F YF ms 2m @ =1f. mn y 4. If a loaded truck can accelerate at four m/s? andToses its load so it is only half as massive, what acceleration can it attain for the same driving force? r\ - FOxta ond mot OAL q- 2/E) aisde vble cl 3 Lm) 5. A rocket aol from its launching pad not only picker speed, but also has a significant increase in its acceleration as firing springs hy is this $0? ‘ As yov burn the > we ave less ma so, mas. lost In inverse propa tional to ecce leration, oneel. Nncrea.y 6. Harry the painter swings yéar after year from his boson's chair. His weight is 500 N and rope unknown to him, has a breaking point of 300 N. Why doesn't the rope break when he is Wee he ok ‘shown jn the first figure to the fant ah aise jae siving apggach th pe welsh hua ly 2 2 each | hol 2 ‘One day Harty is painting néar a flagpole. and for a Se he ties the free end of the rope to the flagpole instead of to his chair. What happens to Harry? ‘ all the welah+ (Foes in mow) pn one sa, the string tc only godt) ad BOON, since Horry ii WM, Bhe ope” Ww). rea and Herra will Fa IT chenm oe the ratio & 7s goleg fo be The sane | 7. The force of gravity is twice as great on a 2-kg rock as on a 1-kg rock. Why | then does the 2-kg rock not fall with twice the acceleration? 8 Because Femg and yg is constant g=-9.8% 8. Whatis the net force acting on a 10 kg freely falling object? E Fema=ez lox ee ee 7é What is the net force when it encounters 15 N of air resistance? m Fret= 2F=4N-|5N = O3N ~ How much air resistance does it experience when me at terminal velocity? in this case force oF air equal force oF gravity F8N 9. If you pulled a low but heavy crate with a rope and greased the bottom to reduce friction, would it help more to use a short rope or a long rope? long rope, bension-Force 1s distri buted —> spread out 10. An elevator (mass = 1000 kg) is supported by a single cable. a) When the elevator is at rest, what is the tension in the cable? 4 8 Lions an ves) more, less, or the same? y scale 2 Fe mg =(1000ky (4 on = 9B00N b) The elevator starts to move upward at 1mis/s. Is the scale reading S more £ “0 “7~ c) When the elevator is ascending upward at a constant speed, is the ‘e tension more, less, or the same as (a)? ~~ m aR same 5 l Sy] The elevator begins to slow as it reaches the proper flr. Is the ws tension more, less, or the same as (a)? ves more 38s wt) ©) The elevator now starts to descend at an increasing speed. Is the 5 tension more, less, or the same as (a)? ge s8 less SS \_ h rthe cable snapped and the elevator fell freely, what would be the tension? ae Aone NEWTON'S THIRD LAW 4 When a hammer exerts a foros on a nail, how does the amount of force compare to that of the nail on the hammer? te: x amount of force 1S equal let opprsue s im 2. Why does a cannon recoil when i fires a cannonball? cannenbal) move forward with a centeln force, \ thus the cunnen ynoves backward with equal force bite i; 3. When you jump up, does the ward recoil downward? Explain. when you jump up, ‘the force i bo guavity (pests an Prine and thenormedl Force ( 7rey decreas ping The moment you stand on the Broun en balan @