Theme 1: Careers and Employment

Prof. Doutora Patrícia A. Lobo

1
 Company Structure

1 Accounts Dept. n. department responsible for administering a company's financial

affairs
2 A.G.M. UK abbr. Annual General Meeting of a company's shareholders
3 board of directors n. group of people chosen to establish policy for and control a
company
4 chairman UK n. person who heads a Board of Directors; head of a company;
chairperson
5 director n. a member of the board of directors
6 executive officer US n. person managing the affairs of a corporation - chief executive
officer n.
7 headquarters n. a company's principal or main office or centre of control
8 manager n. person responsible for day-to-day running of a dept.; executive
officerUS
9 managing n. senior director after the chairman responsible for day-to-day
directorUK direction
10 Marketing Dept. n. department that puts goods on market, inc. packaging,
advertising etc
11 organisation chart n. a table or plan showing a company's structure graphically
12 Personnel Dept. n. department responsible for recruitment and welfare of staff or
employees
13 presidentUS n. the highest executive officer of a company; head of a company
14 Production Dept. n. department responsible for physical creation of product
15 Purchasing Dept. n. department responsible for finding and buying everything for a
company
16 R & D Department n. department responsible for Research and Development of
(new) products
17 reception n. the place where visitors and clients report on arrival at a
company
18 Sales Department n. department responsible for finding customers and making sales
19 shareholder n. person who holds or owns shares in or a part of a company or
corporation
20 vice president US n. any of several executive officers, each responsible for a
separate division

2
 1. Departments - Which department does which job? Match each job from the
column on the left to a company department from the column on the right:

1. puts the product into boxes? A. Training

2. pays wages and salaries? B. Production
3. plans how to promote products? C. Marketing
4. has systems to prevent mistakes? D. Purchasing
5. looks after the equipment? E. Personnel
6. deals with complaints? F. Packaging
7. manufactures the products? G. Sales
8. sends invoices to customers? H. Accounts
9. buys equipment? I. Payroll
10. arranges credit facilities? J. Distribution
11. helps staff develop new skills? K. Customer Service
12. sends products to the customer? L. Financial Services
13. buys media space? M. Quality
14. recruits new staff? N. Advertising
15. sends representatives to visit O. Maintenance
customers?

2. Read the whole text and then complete the organization chart:

I think we have a fairly typical organization for a manufacturing firm. We’re divided into
Finance, Production, Marketing and Human Resources departments.
The Human Resources department is the simplest. It consists of two sections. One is
responsible for recruitment and personnel matters, the other is in charge of training.
The Marketing department is made up of three sections: Sales, Sales Promotion, and
Advertising, whose heads are all accountable to the marketing manager.
The Production department consists of five sections. The first of these is Production
Control, which is in charge of both Scheduling and Materials Control. Then there’s
Purchasing, Manufacturing, Quality Control, and Engineering Support. Manufacturing

3
contains three sections: Tooling, Assembly, and Fabrication.
Finance is composed of two sections: Financial Management, which is responsible for
capital requirements, fund control, and credit, and Accounting.

Employment

JOBS
• time-consuming
• Strike • rewarding
• To earn money • reward
• Timetable • prospects of promotion
• To get a job • good pay
• Salary/ wage • social prestige
• Employment • security
• Employer • flexible working hours
• Employee • part-time job
• Unemployment • full-time job
• Unskilled workers • holidays
• Skilled workers • proximity from home
• Training programs • To work
• Trade unions • repetitive
• Fellow workers • challenging
• Factory workers • organization
• Dissatisfaction • responsibility
• Ambitious • reasonable wages
• Greedy • social benefits
• Bored/ boring • exciting
• Routine • Vacancy
• Blue collar jobs • To apply for a job
• White collar jobs • Initiative
• Skills

4
Employment

1 bonus n. additional pay given to employee as incentive or reward

2 curriculum n. short account of one's education, career etc; CVUK; resumeUS;
vitaeUK resumeUS
3 dismiss v. to remove or discharge from employment; to sack [colloq.]; to
fireUS
4 employer n. person or firm who employs people - employee n. person
employed
5 fireUS v. [colloq.] to dismiss
6 interview v. an oral examination of an applicant for a job - also v.
7 make v. [made, made] to dismiss because of not being needed -
redundant UK redundancyUK n.
8 maternity leave n. period of absence from work (for a woman) when having a baby
9 notice n. advance warning of intention to resign - to give or tender one's
notice v.
10 perk abbr. perquisite; something additional to regular salary [eg: free
meals; a car]
11 personnel n. the people who work for a firm
12 personnel officer n. manager responsible for recruitment, training and welfare of
personnel
13 promotion n. advancement in rank or position - to promote v.
14 prospects n. opportunity for success, promotion etc
15 recruit n. to look for and employ personnel - recruitment n.
16 resign v. to give up a job - letter of resignation n.
17 retire v. to leave employment, esp. because of age - retirement n.
18 salary n. a fixed, regular payment, usually monthly, made by employer to
employee
19 staff n. the people who work for a firm or a particular department;
employees
20 take on v. [took, taken] to employ; to hire

Contracts

1 agreement n. an arrangement between two or more people, countries etc; contract

2 appendix n. additional or supplementary material at end of contract, book etc
3 arbitration n. settlement of a dispute by a person chosen by both parties - to
arbitrate v.
4 article n. a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; clause
5 clause n. a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; article
6 in behalf of in the interests of (person etc); for (person etc); on behalf ofUK
7 null and invalid; without legal force; not binding
void

5
 8 party n. the person or persons forming one side of an agreement
9 terms n. conditions or stipulations
10 warrant v. to give formal assurance; to guarantee

1. JOB AND RESPONSIBILITIES

DESCRIBE YOUR IDEAL JOB

Give your job a score from 0 (very bad) to 5 (very good) on the chart below:

Score (0 – 5)
interesting work ()
length of holidays ()
flexibility of working hours ()
salary or wages ()
fringe benefits ()
job security ()
level of stress ()
level of job satisfaction ()
level of control over the work
organization ()
pleasant working environment ()
relationships with colleagues ()
Which of the factors above are most important for you? What qualities do you need to do
your job successfully?

2. Insert the following words in the gaps in the text below:

applicant application application form apply candidate

curriculum vitae or CV (GB) or resume (US) employment agencies

interview job description job vacancies references short-listed

Many people looking for work read the (1) …………………….. advertised in
newspapers by companies and (2) …………………. . To reply to an advertisement is to
(3) ……………… for a job. (You become a (4) ………………… or an (5)
…………………………). You write an (6) ……………………, or fill in the company’s
(7) ……………………, and send it, along with your (8) …………………….. and a
covering letter. You often have to give the names of two people who are prepared to
write
(9) ………………….for you. If your qualifications and abilities match the (10)
…………………., you might be (11) ……………………, i.e. selected to attend an (12)
……………………… .

6
 3. When employees ‘give notice’, i.e. inform their employer that they will
be leaving the company (as soon as their contract allows), in what order
should the company carry out the following steps?

a. either hire a job agency (or for a senior post, a firm of headhunters), or
advertise the vacancy
b. establish whether there is an internal candidate who could be promoted (or
moved sideways) to the job
c. examine the job description for the post, to see whether it needs to be
changed (or indeed, whether the post needs to be filled)
d. follow up the references of candidates who seem interesting
e. invite the short-listed candidates for an interview
f. make a final selection
g. receive applications, curricula vitae and covering letters, and make a
preliminary selection (a short list)
h. try to discover why the person has resigned
i. write to all the other candidates to inform them that they have been unsuccessful

4. Below you will see some extracts from wants ads. Fill in each blank with a
word or phrase from the following list:

competitive initiative suit kitchen staff ability outgoing team pension

plan clear contact experience preference required skills willing busy
office hard work potential customers successful candidate thorough training

- Our new 200-seat restaurant is opening in May and we are looking for waiters,
waitresses and (1)……….
- If you are a friendly and (2)……….person who is not afraid of (3)………., we have
the job and hours to (4)……….you.
- For more information, (5)……….Helen at (415) 331-2012.
- Secretary/Receptionist (6)……….for a (7)……… . Typing and shorthand between 80
and 120 wpm. We will give (8)……….to applicants who have experience using word
processors and computers.
- We want a positive person who is (9)……….to work hard and can use their own
(10)………. . You must be lively and have a good sense of humour and a
(11)……….speaking voice. You will receive (12)……….to enable you to inform
(13)……….of the benefits of advertising with us.
- The (14)……….will have had (15)……….in booking and banking procedures. The
position calls for word-processing and secretarial (16)……….plus the (17)……….to
work as part of a (18)………. A (19)……….salary is offered as well as a company
(20)……….

7
5. Explain the following situations.

1. The company you work for is well-known for its job security.
2. You were suddenly made redundant.
3. You received a promotion.
4. You were given an increment.
5. You worked unsociable hours.
6. You had a steady job.
7. You had adverse working conditions.
8. You suddenly found yourself unemployed.
9. You took time off work because of repetitive strain injury.
10. The office where you work has sick building syndrome.
11. You receive regular perks as part of your job.
12. Somebody called you a workaholic.
13. Your company doesn’t give you many incentives.
14. Your boss announces that there is going to be some downsizing of the workforce.
15. Your work didn’t offer much job satisfaction.
16. Your company has a generous incentive scheme.
17. You receive a commission for the work you have done.
18. You receive support from a union.
19. You were under stress.
20. You were forced to resign.
21. You received a cut in your salary.
22. Your company gave you sickness benefit.
23. You found your job very demanding.

6. Match sentences 1-6 in the first box with one of the sentences A-F
in the second. Use the words in italics to help you:

1. Samantha is the assistant manager of a bank and she works from 8.30 to 5.30 every
day.
2. Tracy works on the production line of a factory which makes cars. She uses a
machine to spray paint onto the finished car parts.
3. Jane works for herself. She is a photographer. She works every day for about
eight or nine hours.
4. Jeanette is a cleaner for a company in Birmingham, but she only works there for
about three or four hours a day.
5. Claire has a powerful job in the personnel office of a large multinational
company. She is responsible for employing new people and getting rid of those
that the company doesn’t want to employ anymore.
6. Marie works in the finance department of an international college in Oxford.
A. She is a semi-skilled blue-collar worker in a manufacturing industry.
B. She is a self-employed and works full-time. She likes to describe herself as
freelance.
C. She is responsible for hiring and firing.
D. She calculates the wages, salaries, pension contributions and medical insurance
contributions of all the staff.
E. She is a full-time white-collar worker in a service industry.
F. She is an unskilled part-time employee.

8
 7. Discussion - ‘Some people live to work, and others work to live. In most cases,
this depends on the job they have and the conditions under which they are
employed. In your opinion, what are the elements that make a job worthwhile?’

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JOB ADVERTISEMENTS

1. Look at the job advertisements given below. Are there any which would interest
you? If none of the jobs interests you, explain why.

N1. SECRETARY.
A small but progressive film company based in the West End of London requires a
Secretary for its Chief Executive. The candidate will be an experienced and confident
secretary with typing. He/she will be friendly and have efficient approach to his/her work
as well as enthusiastic interest in the creative arts. A background in publishing media
would be an advantage. The candidate will be directly involved in assisting the Chief
Executive in the do-to-do running of the company, and will be in close contact both with
production and financial personnel. Annual earnings will be in the 8000 – 10000 pounds
range; benefits include 5 weeks’ holiday and a pension scheme. To further details, write to
Migh Holborn LONDON WC 17 BQ.

N2. RECEPTIONIST / TELEPHONIST.

Well established publishing company requires a bright, reliable and well-spoken person
with experience to control its reception area. Duties include dealing with visitors,
enquiries and some typing work.
Age 19+. Hours 9 a.m. – 5.30 p.m. Four weeks’ paid annual leave, wages to be agreed.
Ring Miss Penrice, 01–436 8212.

N3. MARKETING SPECIALIST.

Curtis Mengies – Europe PLC, the foremost name in food processing and packaging is
strengthening its marketing team to encourage the growing demand for the company’s
products. The company has an outstanding record in technological achievement as well as
in business growth, and the career opportunities are extensive.
We are looking for a marketing specialist who will profitably develop our large range
of household name brands of food and beverages and play key role in determining long-
term marketing strategy. Candidates should possess a degree in a science or technology
based subject and be accurate and practical. Industrial experience and a background in
sales or marketing are essential. Experience of managerial responsibility would be an
advantage. An excellent salary is being offered and a company car will be provided.
Candidates should apply to Personnel Department, Curtis Mengies – Europe PLC, Harant
Road, Bournemount, DORSET.

9
 N4. ACCOUNTANT.
We are a major international oil company with numerous expanding on-and-off shore
interests in the UK and in North Africa. We are looking for an ambitious, qualified
accountant aged 27 – 32 with several years experience in the oil industry. This is a
challenging and stimulating position in which you will provide an essential link between
the financial and the exploration management of the company. You will be involved in
negotiating new agreements and in preparing financial plans and forecasts. You need to be
dynamic and dedicated but tactful and disciplined.
The remuneration will reflect your experience and your management potential. Benefits
include a company car, a pension scheme and life insurance. Please, apply in writing to
Page Petroleum, 77 Western Road, LONDON SW1 7HK

2. Read the five job adverts. Answer the questions. Choose A-E or None.

A
IT Recruitment Officer
We are looking for recent graduates who would like to work with some of the most
important companies in the digital industry. This post is based in Dubai. Once you have
received training on our computer system, you will be responsible for:
- liaising with recruiters to create job descriptions
- advertising jobs
- sourcing possible candidates
- updating the database
We are looking for someone with passion, drive and commitment. Recruitment
Resourcers must be able to work under pressure and be self-motivated and people-focused.
These qualities will help you progress within the company. Recruitment Resourcers who
are willing to learn can train to become Account Managers and Account Directors.
- Competitive basic salary plus commission

B
Logistics Associate
Our company is looking for someone to work in the sales and customer service department
to ensure that customers have a professional service from the moment they place an order
until they receive their shipment. The job is for 27 hours per week. Hours are negotiable.
Opportunities for overtime are likely.
Your responsibilities will include:
- placing and processing orders
- keeping accurate records
- processing returns and refunds
The successful candidate will:
- be educated to degree level
- be able to work efficiently and to deadlines in a high pressured environment
- have good IT skills
Candidates should have experience in business logistics, purchasing and supply
management or operations management.

10
C
Insurance Telesales
Do you have previous sales experience? Are you available from January 6th until the end
of March?
We are currently looking for someone to deal with insurance renewals sales. The role will
involve calling existing customers and asking them if they intend to renew their policy,
and if necessary, discuss how we can keep them as a customer. The role is a 3-month fixed
term contract. The hours of work will be 8:45am until 5pm Monday to Friday. We are
looking for a hard worker who is computer literate and has a good telephone manner.

D
Data Analyst
As a Data Analyst you will join a team that analyses research data for anomalies and
presents findings to people within and outside the company. A graduate with an eye for
detail and a love of working with figures would be ideal. Confident communications skills
are also vital. If you enjoy problem solving, have an investigative and enquiring mind,
have a good knowledge of word processing and spreadsheet software, and excellent
numerical skills, this could be a great career opportunity for you.
A great benefits package is available including health cover and gym membership.

E
Project Assistant
Reporting to the Project Manager, you will undertake property surveys, site inspections
and attend site meetings to ensure that work undertaken by our contractors is being carried
out properly. You must have initiative, as you will be required to work on your own. It is
essential that you have your own transportation. An allowance will be provided.
Candidates should have: Good keyboard and IT skills, an organised and methodical
approach, good written and verbal communication skills.
REQUIREMENTS
* Minimum 2-year Construction related qualification.
* Minimum of two year's relevant experience or transferrable skills from a relevant
background.

Which job(s):

1. requires applicants to have their own car? _______________

2. does not require applicants to have IT skills? _______________
3. is temporary? _______________
4. is part-time? _______________
5. is located abroad? _______________
6. offers people the chance of promotion? _______________
7. is suitable for a mathematician? _______________
8. requires the employee to work alone? _______________

11
9. does not involve working with people? _______________
10. gives employees the opportunity to earn more by making sales? _______________
11. gives employees the opportunity to earn more by working extra
hours? _______________
12. requires experience in the building trade? _______________
13. offers perks? _______________
14. requires the employee to make presentations? _______________

Application/Covering letter

Writing Application Letters

Application Letter must be brief and concise. It should refer to the source from which
you got the information about the company and the vacancy. It must contain information
about you, your knowledge and skills, your education. You must speak about the position
you would like to obtain. To get the advertized job you must seriously think about the
contents of your Application Letter you are sending.

The letter must:

catch their attention,
arouse their interest,
create the desire to find out more about you,
there must be a request about an interview,
contain an enclosure (a résumé, C.V.).

***

Your covering letter must sell your CV. Before even looking at your CV, an employer
usually reads your covering letter. If it is badly-written, or untidy, or difficult to read, your
CV will probably go into the nearest bin. If it is well-written, attractive, easy to read and
persuasive, the employer will turn to your CV. It's that simple! Your Covering Letter is a
sales letter.

12
Content

The reader of your letter may be busy and unwilling to waste time on unnecessary
details.
You should therefore design your letter to be easy to read. It should be short,
concise and relevant. It should not be too formal or complicated.
Your letter should:
1. confirm that you are applying for the position
2. say where you learned about the position
3. say why you want the position
4. say why you would be a benefit to the company
5. request an interview

It is good practice to try to find out the following information before you write your
letter:

the full name of the person you are writing;

their title - Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms, Dr, Professor, etc, and;
their position - Personnel Manager, Human Resources Manager, etc.

All this information can be obtained by a quick phone call to the company. Remember,
never write Dear Miss W. Chan. It should be Dear Miss Chan. Do not use the initial
except in the address. If you start with Dear Sir/Madam, it is accepted practice to finish
with Yours faithfully. Whereas, if you start with Dear Miss Chan, you may finish with
Yours sincerely. Your letter should be neat and free from careless mistakes.

Salutation Complimentary close

Dear Sirs, Yours faithfully,
Gentlemen: Yours truly, / Very truly yours,
Dear Sir, Yours faithfully / Yours truly
Dear Madam, “
Dear Sir/Madam, “
Dear Mr Thompson, Yours sincerely, / Truly yours, / Best / Regards

Structure

Paragraph 1 It should state clearly why you are writing and where you saw the job
advertised.

1. I would like to apply for the post of ... as advertised in today’s issue of..
2. With reference to your advertisement in ... on ..., I am writing to apply for the
position of ...

Paragraph 2 It should give a little information about your qualifications and experience.
Make sure the information you give is relevant to the job that you are applying for.

13
 1. As you can see from my enclosed CV, I have worked in my present position for five
years. During this time I have gained invaluable experience in ...
2. I am currently a student at TPU studying ........ I am due to graduate in.......
Although I have been studying full time, I have had a number of summer jobs
which have helped me to gain experience in ...
3. My experience over the past two years has been at the managerial level, where I
have had responsibility for ...

Paragraph 3 It should say why you believe you are suited to the job and what you can
offer the company. Those currently employed can state the reason for wishing to change
their present job. However, you should not sound critical of your present employer.

1. I am currently working as a receptionist in ...The reason for my seeking a new

position is that I wish to pursue a secretarial career. Unfortunately, there are no openings
for advancement in my present employment.

2. For the last two years I have been working as a receptionist in ...Unfortunately the
company is moving its main offices overseas and I have therefore decided to look for a
new position. I believe that the experience I have gained in ... has given me the qualities
you are looking for ...

3. I believe I would be an asset to your company. I will be able to bring with me my

experience of ... which I believe would be useful in this position…

4. I feel that my ability to ... will help/enable me to ...

Paragraph 4 It should tell the reader when you are available for an interview and how
to contact you.

1. I would like to have the opportunity to talk to you further about my application. I
am available for interview at any time and I can be contacted at/on ...

2. I am available for an interview at any time but would appreciate two days notice. I
can be contacted on/at ...
I look forward to hearing from/meeting you soon.

3. As requested in the advertisement, I enclose a copy of my resume together with a recent

photograph.

I look forward to meeting with you to discuss my application further. I am

available ... and can be contacted on/at ...

14
 Covering/Application LETTERS - examples

1)

XYZ Company
87 Delaware Road
Hatfield, CA 08065
(909) 555-5555
george.gillhooley@email.com

Date

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As
requested, I am enclosing a completed job application, my certification, my resume and
three references.

The opportunity presented in this listing is very interesting, and I believe that my strong
technical experience and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this
position. The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include:

• I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live use applications

• I strive for continued excellence
• I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers

With a BS degree in Computer Programming, I have a full understanding of the full life
cycle of a software development project. I also have experience in learning and excelling
at new technologies as needed.

Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

I can be reached anytime via email at george.gillhooley@email.com or my cell phone,

909-555-5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this
employment opportunity.

Sincerely,

FirstName LastName

15
2)

Your City, State, Zip Code

Your Phone Number
Your Email

Company Name
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Dear Hiring Manager:

This letter is to express my interest in discussing the Senior Customer Service Manager
position posted on the XYZ Company web site. The opportunity presented in this listing is
very appealing, and I believe that my experience and education will make me a
competitive candidate for this position.

The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include, but are not limited to,
the following:

• Provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers.

• Strive for continued excellence.
• Strong communication skills.
• I am a self-starter.
• Eager to learn new things.

You will find me to be well-spoken, energetic, confident, and personable, the type of
person on whom your customers will rely. I also have a wide breadth of experience of the
type that gives you the versatility to place me in a number of contexts with confidence that
the level of excellence you expect will be met. Please see my resume for additional
information on my experience.

I hope that you'll find my experience and interests intriguing enough to warrant a face-to-
face meeting, as I am confident that I could provide value to you and your customers as a
member of your team.

I can be reached anytime via my cell phone, 555-555-5555. Thank you for your time and
consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.

Sincerely,

FirstName LastName

16
3)

Name
Title
Company
Address
City, State, Zip Code

Date

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name,

I am writing to apply for the position of Media Relations Manager. ABCD is a fast-
moving global institution and an outstanding communications pioneer, now poised to
guide the direction of print journalism.

As a recent graduate of the State University with significant experience in finance,

administration and media, I bring the energy and commitment to excellence necessary to
thrive in ABCD's innovative environment.

As the current Media Relations Coordinator of the XYZ company, I am a practiced

business liaison and an able administrator. These strengths, combined with deep and
varied employment and internship experience as a journalist and media consultant with
FGH and LMD, prepare me to make a strong and immediate impact at ABCD.

I am excited about the opportunity to join the ABCD team as it moves to the center of the
print media conversation. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,

Your Signature

Your Typed Name

4)

Mr. Lorrin
2 Garden Street
37564 London
18th August 1997
Dear Mr Lorrin,
I am writing to apply for the post of secretary advertised in The Times of 17 August 1997.

17
As you will see from my enclosed curriculum vitae, I started working as a teacher of

English in Portugal, at a further education college. In 1994 I came to London and worked

for two years as a secretary to the Ambassador of Guatemala in London, which included

reception tasks. Since 1995 I have worked as a secretary in both Gunne and Rabbit

Solicitors. Unfortunately, following the unexpected death of Mr Rabbit and the retirement

of Mr. Gunne the firms are being dissolved. I have recently completed a course at the

Secretarial School of London and I can type 50 words per minute.

If you consider that my qualifications are suitable, I should be able to attend an interview

at any time.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

Catherine Turner

5)

26 rue Josef
75008 PARIS
France
tel: +33 1 77 77 77 77
email: rachelking@eflnet.fr

The Principal
Interplay Languages
77 bd Saint Germain
75006 PARIS

17 April 2006

Dear Madam

Director of Studies

I am interested in working as Director of Studies for your organization. I am an

EFL language instructor with nearly 10 years' experience to offer you. I enclose my
resume as a first step in exploring the possibilities of employment with Interplay
Languages.

18
 My most recent experience was implementing English Through Drama workshops
for use with corporate clients. I was responsible for the overall pedagogical content,
including the student course book. In addition, I developed the first draft of the teacher's
handbook.
As Director of Studies with your organization, I would bring a focus on quality and
effectiveness to your syllabus design. Furthermore, I work well with others, and I
am experienced in course planning.
I would appreciate your keeping this enquiry confidential. I will call you in a few
days to arrange an interview at a time convenient to you. Thank you for your
consideration.

Yours faithfully

Rachel King

1. Read the following extracts from two letters about the advertisement for
administrative clerk. Fill in each blank with a word from the following list:

as audio available consider enclose inquiries favourably

for form further in opportunity position take to with

A. Dear Sir or Madam,

In reference (1)……….your advertisement in today’s ‘Morning News’, I am interested

(2)……….applying for the (3)……….of administrative clerk with your company.
Could you please send me (4)……….details and an application (5)……….

B. Dear Sir,

I would like to apply (6)……….the position of administrative clerk with your company. I
(7)……….my application form. I am presently working (8)……….a secretary in the
accounts office at TW Industries. My responsibilities include (9)……….and copy typing
and dealing (10)……….correspondence and telephone (11)………. . Twice a week I have
been going to evening classes in bookkeeping and I intend to (12)……….an examination
in three month.
I am applying for the position because I would like an (13)……….to make more use of
my training.
I would be (14)……….for an interview at any time.
I hope that you will (15)……….my application (16)……….

2. Read this extract from a job application form. Are the following statements true or
false? Choose 'not in text' if the information is not there.

“I am interested in this job because I am currently looking for an opportunity to use the
skills I learnt in my college. I have recently completed a 16-week part-time accounting

19
course (AAT Level 2 Certificate). The course covered book-keeping, recording income
and receipts and basic costing. We used a wide range of computer packages, and I picked
up the accounting skills easily. I was able to work alone with very little extra help. I
passed the course with merit. I believe my success was due to my thorough work, my
numeracy skills and my attention to detail. During the course, I had experience of working
to deadlines and working under pressure. Although this was sometimes stressful, I always
completed my work on time.
Unfortunately, the course did not include a work placement, so I have not practised my
skills in a business setting, and I am now looking for an opportunity to do so. I am
particularly looking for a job in a small company such as yours, as I believe I will be able
to interact with a wider range of people, and as a result, learn more skills. I would like to
progress within a company and gain more responsibilities over the years.
Although I do not have work experience in finance, I have experience in working in an
office environment. Before starting the accounting course, I worked for 6 months in a
recruitment office as a receptionist. My duties involved meeting and greeting clients and
visitors, taking phone calls, audio and copy typing and checking stock. I also had to keep
the petty cash and mail records. Through this work, I developed my verbal and written
communication skills. I had to speak confidently to strangers and deliver clear messages. I
enjoyed working in a team environment. I believe the office appreciated my friendly
manner and efficient work.”

The candidate has a qualification in accounting. ______________________

2. The candidate has a university degree in accounting. ______________________
3. The candidate has worked as an accountant before. ______________________
4. The candidate worked with an accounting firm as a receptionist.
______________________
5. The candidate is familiar with some accounting software. ______________________
6. The candidate has worked as part of a team in an office environment.
______________________
7. The candidate has experience of record-keeping. ______________________
8. The candidate wants to learn on the job. ______________________
9. The candidate has a maths qualification. ______________________
10. The candidate can work by herself. ______________________
11. The candidate intends to study a further accounting course.
______________________
12. The candidate believes herself to be a careful worker. ______________________
13. Deadlines do not stress the candidate. ______________________
14. The candidate is applying for a job in a large firm. ______________________

20
 CV

First impressions are important. Your CV and letter are usually the first impression that an
employer has of you. And because an employer may have hundreds of job applications to
consider, you have about 15 seconds to make sure that first impression is a good one.
You never get a second chance to make a first impression

Why you need a good CV?

Your CV's job is to get you an interview.
Your CV or resume is your visiting card, your ambassador, your shop window. It
represents you and it has a specific purpose: to get you an interview! To do this, it must:
• attract
• inform
• persuade
• sell
A good CV is one of your most important tools in the search for employment.
What a CV or resume is not
A CV is not a book.
A CV is not an obstacle.
A CV is not a tombstone.
A CV is not boring or difficult to read.
A CV is not your life story or autobiography.
A CV is not a catalogue of your personal opinions.
A CV is not a list of problems with past employers.

What a CV or resume is
A CV is short.
A CV is seductive.
A CV is an important document.
A CV answers the question 'Why?'
A CV is interesting and easy to read.
A CV is a list of benefits for the employer.
A CV is as much about the employer as about you.

Your CV is the summary of your professional life. You should include everything that is
relevant to your employment or career and nothing that is irrelevant. Exactly what you
include depends partly on your type of work. There are usually 5 general headings of
information to include:
• personal details - name, address, email and telephone number (and sometimes
nationality, age/date of birth and marital status)
• objective - a headline that summarises the job opportunity you are seeking
• work experience - your previous employment in reverse chronological order -
with most detail for your present or most recent job
• education - details of secondary and university education - including the
establishments and qualifications (but excluding any that are irrelevant to your
career)
• personal interests - demonstrating that you are a balanced, responsible member of
society with an interesting life outside work

21
 Sometimes, you may need to give additional information for a particular job or
because you have special qualifications.

Do this...
Do be positive.
Do look forward to the future.
Do emphasize the benefit you will bring to an employer.
Do use active verbs.
Do keep to the point. Be relevant.
Do create an organized layout.
Do be neat.
Do use good quality paper.
Do use a word-processor (computer).
Do use wide margins.
Do use plenty of white space.
Do use a good quality photo (if you use a photo).
Do check your work for spelling errors.
Do check your work for grammatical errors.
Do ask a friend to look at your CV and letter.
Do sign your letter with a fountain pen.
Don't do this...
Don't look backward to the past.
Don't write CV or Resume at the top.
Don't write Mr, Mrs or Miss in front of your name.
Don't give personal details (place of birth, age etc) unless necessary.
Don't give full addresses of past employers.
Don't give minor or unimportant school qualifications.
Don't give lots of irrelevant or unimportant hobbies.
Don't write names in capital letters.
Don't use lots of different typefaces (fonts) and sizes.
Don't use lots of capital letters, italics or fancy typefaces.
Don't use coloured paper.
Don't make your covering letter more than 1 page.
Don't make your CV/resume more than 2 pages.

Vocabulary
Use action verbs.
The Value of Simplicity and Clarity
If you want people to read your CV, your language must be simple and clear:
• Use short words and short sentences.
• Do not use technical vocabulary, unless you are sure that the reader will
understand it.
• Talk about concrete facts ('I increased sales by 50%'), not abstract ideas ('I was
responsible for a considerable improvement in our market position').
• Use verbs in the active voice ('I organized this exhibition'), not passive voice
('This exhibition was organized by me'). Generally, the active voice is more powerful, and
easier to understand.

22
 Curriculum Vitae

Name:

Address:
Phone:

Date of Birth:
Marital Status:
Nationality:

Education:

Professional Experience:

Languages:

Hobbies:

Other: 23

References:
 Curriculum Vitae

CONTACT INFORMATION
Name
Address
Telephone
Cell Phone
Email

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Citizenship
Visa Status
Sex

Optional Personal information:

Marital Status
Spouse’s Name
Children

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
Work History

EDUCATION
High School
University

PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Certifications and Accreditations
Computer Skills

INTERESTS

24
 Europass
Curriculum Vitae
Personal information
First name(s) / Surname(s)
Address(es)
Telephone(s)
Fax(es)
E-mail

Nationality

Date of birth

Gender

Desired employment /
Occupational field

Work experience
Dates
Occupation or position held
Main activities and responsibilities
Name and address of employer
Type of business or sector

Education and training

Dates
Title of qualification awarded
Principal subjects/occupational skills
covered
Name and type of organisation
providing education and training
Level in national or international
classification

Personal skills and

competences
Mother tongue(s)

Other language(s)
Self-assessment Understanding Speaking Writing
European level (*) Listening Reading Spoken interaction Spoken production
Language

25
 Language
(*) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

Social skills and competences

Organisational skills and

competences

Technical skills and competences

Computer skills and competences

Artistic skills and competences

Other skills and competences

Driving licence

Additional information

Annexes

JOB INTERVIEWS

1. Below you will see some common expressions that you might find useful. Put each
expression into the correct box according to the function of that expression:

1. May I think about that for a 19. I don’t entirely agree with you
moment? 20. Perhaps I should make that
2. In short, ... clearer by saying...
3. What I’m trying to say is... 21. How can I best say this?
4. To sum up, ... 22. Could you repeat what you said?
5. What are your views on...? 23. I couldn’t agree more
6. Would you mind repeating that? 24. Actually...
7. How can I put this? 25. To put it another way...
8. In other words... 26. That’s just what I was thinking
9. Sorry to say but... 27. In brief, ...
10. Well, as a matter of fact... 28. Could I just say that ...
11. I’m not so sure about that 29. Well, my own opinion is that...
12. Pardon? 30. That’s my view exactly
13. I can’t help thinking the same 31. To summarise, ...
14. What are your feelings about...? 32. What was that?
15. So in conclusion, ... 33. I must take issue with you on that
16. I see things rather differently 34. Let me get this right
myself 35. Sorry to interrupt, but...
17. True enough 36. I’m afraid I didn’t catch that
18. That’s right 37. What’s your opinion?

26
 Agreeing with somebody Disagreeing with somebody

Example: Yes, I agree. Example: I’m afraid I disagree.

Interrupting Asking for clarification or repetition

Example: Excuse me for interrupting. Example: I’m sorry?

Asking somebody for their opinion Saying something in another way

Example: What do you think about..? Example: What I mean is

Giving yourself time to think Summing up

Example: (in response to a question) Example: So basically.....

Let me see.

2. Work in groups. Think of the last interview you attended and discuss these
questions:

What was the worst thing about it?

What difficult questions were you asked?
Why do you think you were successful, or unsuccessful?
If you could go through the interview again, what would you do differently?
In an interview, do you always have to be completely honest?
What impression do you try to give in an interview?

3. Here are some tips relating to your appearance and body language. For each one
select the correct missing word from the options below:

1. Make sure your clothes are clean, but ________ wear obvious logos or designer names.
a. do
b. don’t
c. must
2. Don’t use __________ much deodorant or perfume!
a. to
b. too
c. two
3. Don’t wear too much jewellery. Interviewers don’t ______ like rings!
a. never
b. sometimes
c. usually
4. Wear _______ that are smart, but comfortable.

27
 a. cloths
b. clothes
c. covers
5. Arrive well __________ the interview time.
a. before
b. after
c. later than
6. Make eye ________ with the interviewer when you are introduced.
a. contactation
b. contiction
c. contact
7. Give a firm handshake, and make sure you ___________!
a. snarl
b. smile
c. snigger
8. Don’t ________. This will distract the interviewer from what you’re saying.
a. fidget
b. figgit
c. fijit
9. Don’t appear over-confident, for example by leaning too far back in your chair, but do
try to __________.
a. relax
b. relapse
c. collapse

4. The words in the column on the right are phrases that use the word career. For
each definition on the left, match it to the correct phrase on the right:

1. Chances of future success in your career A. career move

2. The direction you hope your career will B. career break

take
C. career prospects
3. A change you make in order to progress
D. career ladder
4. Time when you are not employed,
perhaps when travelling or looking after E. career plan
children

5. A series of promotions towards more

senior positions

28
 Job Interviews

Attending interviews
Good interviewers prepare their questions carefully in advance according to the
candidate’s application and CV. So candidates need to prepare just as carefully. Here
are some useful tips.

1. Interviewers ask every candidate the same questions.

2. You shouldn’t mention problems with your current job.
3. You should arrange to have a day off for the interview.
4. You should give your personal objectives.
5. Your objectives should suit the position you apply for.
6. You should practice your answers at home.
7. You shouldn’t discuss things you aren’t good at.

Tips for a job interview:

Best Impression the interviewer doesn't like to interview people for a job. The best thing that

you can do is make is a easy and pleasant as possible. Here are some tips to help you out:

• Hello - Smile - Say Hello, and say the person’s name, and smile.

• Shake Hands - Shake hands with a firm handshake, not hard, but firm with confidence

• Address By Name - Try to address the person interviewing you by name and title, this gives

a warm feeling during the interview.

• Make A Comment - Look around the room, and try to see if the person has pictures or

something around the room that you can make a statement, such as nice kids or your kids

are really cute, if they have a diploma on the wall you can make a comment about that too.

• Come On Time - Make sure you get to the interview on time, not early, or late but on time.

• Eye Contact - Make sure you keep eye contact as mush as possible.

• Be Upbeat - When you go into an interview try stay upbeat, no one wants to hire a

depressed person.

• Dress Appropriately - Try to find out the dress code of the place of employment before you

get to the interview, don't over dress or under dress, it doesn't matter what the person

interviewing is wearing.

• Stand - when someone of either sex comes into the room

29
Top 50 Interview Questions

1. Are you the best person for this job? Why?

2. Are you overqualified for this job?
3. Describe a difficult experience at work and how you handled it.
4. Describe yourself.
5. Describe your best boss and your worst boss.
6. Describe your career goals.
7. Describe your work style.
8. Do you prefer to work alone or on a team?
9. Do you take work home with you?
10. Give some examples of teamwork.
11. Have you ever had difficulty working with a manager?
12. Have you gotten angry at work? What happened?
13. How do you handle pressure?
14. How do you measure success?
15. How long do you expect to work for this company?
16. How much do you expect to get paid?
17. How would you describe the pace at which you work?
18. How would you describe yourself?
19. How would you handle it if your boss was wrong?
20. If the people who know you were asked why you should be hired, what would
they say?
21. Is there a type of work environment you prefer?
22. Is there anything else I can tell you about the job and the company?
23. Tell me why you want to work here.
24. What are you looking for in your next position?
25. What are you passionate about?
26. What are your goals for the future?
27. What are your salary requirements?
28. What can you do for this company?
29. What can you contribute to this company?
30. What challenges are you looking for in your next job?
31. What did you like or dislike about your previous job?
32. What do you expect from a supervisor?
33. What do you find are the most difficult decisions to make?
34. What have you learned from your mistakes?
35. What interests you about this job?
36. What is your greatest strength?
37. What is your greatest weakness?
38. What major challenges have you handled?
39. What problems have you encountered at work?
40. What was your biggest accomplishment (failure) in this position?
41. What was most (least) rewarding about your job?
42. What relevant experience do you have?
43. What will you do if you don't get a job offer?
44. Why are you leaving your job?
45. Why do you want this job?
46. Why did you resign?
47. Why did you quit your job?

30
 48. Why were you fired?
49. Why should we hire you?
50. What do you know about this company?

1. Catherine is going to be interviewed by Mr. Lorrin for the

secretarial job. Read the conversation that follows and complete the
dialogue.

Catherine: ________________________________________________________
Mr. Lorrin: Good Morning. Yes, I’m Mr. Lorrin. Please, have a seat.
Is this your first job application?
Catherine:________________________________________________________
Mr. Lorrin: Have you ever done this type of work before?
Chaterine:________________________________________________________
Mr. Lorrin: I see. It’s a very demanding job, you know?
Chatherine:_______________________________________________________
Mr. Lorrin: Good. I like your positive attitude. Can you start tomorrow on a trial
basis?
Chaterine:________________________________________________________
Mr. Lorrin: Good. I expect you tomorrow, then.
Catherine: ________________________________________________________

2. Work in groups. Take turns to carry out the interview:

Student A:
You are applying for the position at a famous manufacturing company. You have
exactly five minutes to find out if it is the right job for you. Prepare questions on the
five features of character which you consider the most important.

Student B:
You are the director of the manufacturing company. You have exactly five minutes to
find out whether the candidate you are interviewing is the right person for the job.
Prepare questions on the candidate’s experience, character and qualifications.

31
 USEFUL LINKS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhFxQlDPjaY – Do you dare to dream?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV1cMmCKxmY – body language
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFdCzN7RYbw – how to persuade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpe-LKn-4gM - How to find and do work you love
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlvD4gPdbHQ – Heineken job interview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKBlWanXzGE – job interviews
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHDrj0_bMQ0 – job interviews
http://www.engvid.com/topic/business-english/ - Job interview - Skype
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBvHI1awWaI – Why comfort will ruin your life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXFpOWDAhvM – Negotiating: getting what you want
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KK4cXp3ylg – Crack the hidden job market

32