“PLANNING, ANALYSIS & BUILDING INFORMATION

MODELLING(BIM) OF G+20 RESIDENTIAL TOWER.”

by

Ashish Shashikumar (127)

Tanishq Rane (98)

Saish Kadam (82)

Harsh Diwani (130)

Guide

Prof Vishal Misal

Department of Civil Engineering

A.P.Shah Institute of Technology
Survey No. 12, Kasarvadavali, Ghodbunder Road,
Thane(W),Maharashtra-400615

University of Mumbai (2021-2022)

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “PLANNING, ANALYSIS & BUILDING
INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) OF G+20 RESIDENTIAL TOWER” is a
bonafide work of “ Ashish Shashikumar (63)
Tanishq Rane (52)
Saish Kadam (19)
Harsh Diwani (113) ”
submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of the degree of Undergraduate in “Civil Engineering”.

(Name and sign)

Guide

(Name and sign) (Name and sign)

Head of Department Principal
 Project Report Approval for B. E.

This project report entitled PLANNING, ANALYSIS, & BUILDING INFORMATION

MODELLING(BIM) OF G+20 RESIDENTIAL TOWER by (Ashish Shashikumar,
Tanishq Rane, Harsh Diwani, Saish Kadam) is approved for the degree of (B.E).

Examiners

1.

2.

Date
:

Plac
e:
 Declaration

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where
others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the sources.
I also declare that I have adhered to all academic honesty and integrity principles and have
not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I
understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute
and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or
from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Mr. Ashish Sashikumar (63) (Signature)

Mr. Tanishq Rane (52) (Signature)

Mr. Saish Kadam (19) (Signature)

Mr. Harsh Diwani (113) (Signature)

Date:08/11/2021
 Acknowledgment

(Students must acknowledge guides and co-guide/s, research institutes if

any stating their contribution in the project)
 Abstract

Building information modelling is an advanced technology which is nowadays becoming

popular in India due its extensive utility in designing, analysis, planning, etc. This is a case
study of a residential building based out in Mumbai region in the state of Maharashtra, India.
The study is aimed at creating an intelligent model through designing, analysis, planning,
estimation, using BIM based softwares. This software addresses project complexity and helps
in managing the diverse demands and requirements of designers and contractors. This paper
brings out detailed 3D smart model, its complete design report, complete scheduling and
approximate estimation.
Tall structures have continued to climb higher and higher facing strange loading effects and
very high loading values due to dominating lateral loads. The design criteria for tall buildings
are strength,serviceability, stability and human comfort. Thus the effects of lateral loads like
wind loads, earthquake forces are attaining increasing importance and almost every designer is
faced with the problem of providing adequate strength and stability against lateral loads.
Designing using Softwares like etabs and revit reduces a lot of time in design work. Details of
each and every member can be obtained using revit. Accuracy is improved by using software.
Primavera P6 is an integrated Project Portfolio Management solution consisting of role specific
tools to satisfy each team member’s needs, responsibilities and skills
This project presents a multi-storeyed residential building analyzed and designed using
ETABS considering all the external forces This project is designed as per INDIAN CODES i.e
IS 456:2000.This project also deals with Primavera P6 which is an EPPM software that includes
project management, scheduling, risk analysis, planning, and resource management. In the last
few years, the construction industry has witnessed a spurt in the use of more advanced software
and tools, thanks to the rapid technological advancements, and one of them is the emergence of
the Building Information Model (BIM). With the help of advancement in AR and VR
technologies we will be able to visually represent our building more effectively.
 Table of Contents
Chapter Title Pg. No.

1 INTRODUCTION 8

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9

3 DISCUSSION 14

AUTOCAD
4 4.1 FLOOR PLAN
4.2 DETAILS OF THE BUILDING

ETABS
5.1 DEFINING OF PROPERTIES
5.2 ASSIGNING OF PROPERTIES
5
5.3 ASSIGNING OF SUPPORTS
5.4 DEFINING OF LOADS
5.5 ANALYSIS

3D MODELING USING REVIT 2019

6.1 LEVELS
6.2 GRID
6.3 COLUMN
6.4 BEAMS
6
6.5 FLOOR SLAB
6.6 REBAR
6.7 SLAB REINFORCEMENT
6.8 WALLS
6.9 STAIRS

ESTIMATION
7 7.1 GENERAL
7.2 UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
 7.3 REQUIREMENTS OF ESTIMATION AND COSTING
7.4 LUMPSUM QUANTITIES
7.5 WORK CHARGED ESTABLISHMENT
7.6 METHODS OF PREPARATION OF
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE
7.6.1 PLINTH AREA METHOD
7.6.2 CUBICAL CONTENTS METHOD

PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.1.1 PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
8.2 METHODS OF SCHEDULING
8.2.1 CRITICAL PATH METHOD
8
8.3 TASK DEPENDENCIES
8.4 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
8.4.1 WBS DIAGRAM
8.5 PROCEDURE FOR SCHEDULING USING
PRIMAVERA P6

NAVISWORKS
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 PROCEDURE FOR 4D INTEGRATION
9.2.2 UPLOADING SCHEDULE INTO
9
NAVISWORK
9.2.3 ATTACH OBJECTS INTO MODEL TO TASKS
9.2.4 CREATING SELECTION SETS
9.2.5 SIMULATION OF THE SCHEDULE

10 AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITIES

11 RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS

12 REFERENCE 15
 Chapter 1
Introduction

BIM is a process for combining information and technology to create a digital intelligent
model of a project that integrates data from many sources and evolves in parallel with the real
project across its timeline, including design, construction, and in-use operational information
more economically, and with less environmental impact.
BIM (Building Information Modeling is software that allows for a realistic digital
representation of a building to be created for owners, architects, and contractors to collaborate
on all aspects of building design. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most
promising developments in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries.
Although the concepts, approaches, and methodologies that we now identify as BIM can be
dated back nearly thirty years, it is first now that BIM is beginning to change the way we plan,
design, and construct buildings and other infrastructure.
In order to compete in the ever-growing competent market, it is very important for a Civil
Engineer to save time as a sequel to this, an attempt is made to analyze and design a Multistoried
building by using the software. Structural analysis and design is used to produce a structure
capable of resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life. Prior to the analysis
and design of any structure, necessary information regarding supporting soil has to be collected
by means of geotechnical investigation. Structural engineers are facing the challenges of
striving for the most efficient and economical design with accuracy in solution while ensuring
that the final design of a building and the building must be serviceable for its intended function
over its design lifetime. Nowadays various software packages are available in the market for
analyzing and designing practically all types of structures viz. RISA, STAADPRO, ETABS,
STRUDL, MIDAS, SAP and RAM etc.
Primavera P6 gives better quality of construction management process and easily
understanding results. The planning process for building construction with some alternative
schemes such as execution schedule, activities relationship, resource allocation, etc. has been
attempted to examine the consequence of overall implementation in terms of scope and time to
the project. Effective time planning is very important in determining the success of any project,
poor planning and controlling of projects will cause delays. To overcome this time running
problem analysis can be done by using the primavera p6 software.
Building information modeling is an advanced technology that is nowadays becoming
popular in India due to its extensive utility in designing, analysis, planning, etc. The study is
aimed at creating an intelligent model through designing, analysis, planning, estimation, and
simulation using BIM-based software. This software addresses project complexity and helps in
managing the diverse demands and requirements of designers and contractors. This paper brings
out a detailed 3D smart model, its complete design report, complete scheduling and estimation
along with simulation if any in the project.
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, a state of the art technology for superimposing
information onto the real world, has recently started to have an effect on our everyday lives.
AR and VR technology-based applications are becoming more mature and versatile the before.
Using these technologies errors are minimized and Quality management is enhanced. AR
combines Real and Computer-based scenes and images to deliver an enhanced view of the
world. On the other hand, VR is based on a computer-generated simulation of a 3D image or
environment that can be interacted with in an apparently real or physical manner.
 Chapter 2
Review of Literature

Table 1: Literature study based on Primavera P6

Year of Authors Title of Paper Observations

Publication

March Mrs. K.Priya, Planning, Analysis Primavera helps not only in optimizing resources
2019 Mr.M.Kathiresan, and Construction but also in maintaining accuracy in the execution of
D.Vengateshwari, scheduling of work. Creating a project calendar specifically
M.Suriyakumari apartment building applicable to that project helps in better scheduling
(G+13) by using of the resources and thus the finances. Primavera
Primavera P6 allows up to keep a minute watch on multiple
projects at the same time.

May 2018 Shah Harsh, Planning, Proper planning is insufficient for a successful
Prof Mamata Rajgor, Scheduling and project. There needs to be a proper Warning
Dr.Jayeshkumar Tracking of mechanism set in place to handle or eliminate the
Pitroda Industrial Project upcoming risks in proper time and minimize losses.
Using Primavera P6 The Project methodology should be in 3 Stages, Pre
Software Data collection, Data Collection, and Post Data
Collection Stage.

April 2018 Anurag Mahure, Effective Schedule Contractors in India need to be convinced to use
Amitkumar Ranit Developing Using Project Management Tools like Primavera P6 this
Primavera P6 helps them manage the project, its resources, and the
 schedule better and help deliver better results in a
short time frame as compared to completing the
project without any project management tool being
used.

July 2017 Vishal Annappa Planning, Scheduling and The best approach towards good planning is to
Nimbal, Allocation of Resources divide work into small, reasonable, identifiable,
Prof. Balasaheb for and meaningful tasks. Portfolio Management
Jamadar Multi Storied Structure and Mitigation of Risks and Issues are some
using extremely helpful features made available in
Oracle’s Primavera P6 Primavera P6.
Software

April 2017 Saurabh Jain, Samkit To Study Scheduling and Better monitoring and control over the
Gandhi, Shreyans Implementation Using execution team can be established by the use of
Agrawal, Laukik Traditional and Primavera Daily updates (Start and end date, resources,
Parakh, Approach of Building costs, notebook, steps, feedback, work
Prof. V. P.Kulkarni products and documents (WP’s and Doc)) and
Weekly updates (Thresholds, Issues and
Reports). Tools like Delay Analysis, Earned
Value Analysis and S Curve help us keep the
Finances and Budget of the Project on check
from time to time.
 Table 2: Literature study based on ETABS software

Year of Authors Title of Papers Observation

publicati
on

2020 Shaik Akhil Ahamad, Dynamic analysis of G + In this

K.V. Pratap 20 multi-storied building project the dynamic analysis is carried out on type
by using shear walls -III (i.e., soft soil) for a irregular structure in plan
in various locations for in all the zones as specified and it is concluded
different seismic zones by that the structure with shear walls (i.e., Case C)
using Etabs placed symmetrically will show better results in
terms of all the seismic parameters when
compared with the structures
without a shear wall (i.e., Case A) and with shear
wall at one end (i.e., Case B).

` S Abhishek, Design and Analysis of The effective design and construction of an

Manoj S K, Residential Building using earthquake-resistant structure have great
Roopa BD E-TABS importance all over the world. This project
Bhagyashree M S, presents a multi-storeyed residential buildings
Guruprasad C H analyzed and designed with lateral loading effect
of earthquakes using ETABS. This project is
designed as per INDIAN CODES- IS 1893-
part2:2002, IS 456:2000

2017 Ragy Jose1, ANALYSIS AND Analysis and Design of Commercial building
Restina Mathew2, DESIGN OF using ETABS software” is an
Sandra Devan3, COMMERCIAL attempt to analyze and design a commercial
Sankeerthana Venu4, BUILDING USING building using ETABS. A G+3 storey building is
Mohith Y S5 ETABS considered for this study. Analysis is carried out
by static method and design is done as per IS
456:2000 guidelines. Also an attempt has been
 made to design the structural elements manually.
Drawing and detailing are done using Auto CAD
as per SP 34.

2017 J.CHIRANJEEVI DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Effect of lateral load on moments, axial forces,
YADAV1, OF G + 20 RESIDENTIAL shear force, base shear, maximum storey drift and
L.RAMAPRASAD BUILDING IN ZONE2 tensile forces on structural system are studied and
REDDY2 AND ZONE5 BY USING also comparing the results of zone 2 and zone 5.
ETABS

Table 3: Literature study based on BIM; AR and VR

Date of Authors Title of Paper Observations

Plubicati
on

March Dr. V. Ramesh Babu Design and Analysis (G+5) The paper deals with Autodesk Revit which is a
2020 K.Vishnu Vardhan of Residential BIM software and it allows
K.Peeraiah Building users to design a building and its components in
3D annotate the model with 2D drafting
elements and access building information from
the building model’s
database.
May Salman Azhar, Building Information BIM is both a technology and a process. The
2019 Malik Khalfan, Tayyab Modeling (BIM): Now and technology component of BIM helps project
Maqsood Beyond stakeholders visualize what is to be built in a
simulated environment to identify any potential
design, construction, or operational issues. The
paper presents an overview of BIM with a focus
on its core concepts and applications. This paper
helps to view different uses of bim by
showcasing real-life examples of it

The Benefits, Obstacles and In This paper, the authors review the stages and
MAY Darius Migilinskasa, Problems of Practical Bim trends of BIM concept development
2013 Vladimir Popovb, Implementation presenting the case studies of four real projects
Virgaudas Juoceviciusc, in which elements of BIM technology have been
Leonas Ustinovichiusd adopted by project participants reviewing
benefits as well as obstacles and problems of
practical BIM implementation providing
recommendations for future applications of BIM.

Septemb Mehrdad Mirshokraei, A BIM–AR Quality

er 2019 Carlo Iapige De Gaetani Management System With the help of paper it was investigated that
* and Federica for Structural Elements QM during execution is boosted
Migliaccio by BIM–AR integration through a dedicated
web-based system aimed at reducing the
occurrence of omissions and negligence. With
such a system, eciency is improved by allowing
the entering of inspection data directly in a
shared digital environment, where people
involved in QM have permanent access to
 updated information and inspection results,
clearly organized, and entered in real time. The
integration bim with AR was possible with the
help of SYNCHRO PRO and GAMMA AR PRO
softwares.

A brief Discussion on
July Shakil Ahmed, Md. Augmented reality and
2017 Mehrab Hossain, Md. virtual Reality in
Ikramul Hosque Construction industry.
 CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION

SCOPE
The scope of this project is to introduce multiple software and reduce the complexity and
increase the efficiency with the introduction of Building Information Modeling.

OBJECTIVES

1. To create a plan layout of the Residential (G+20) building using Autocad.

2. To analyze & design the Residential Building using Etabs.

3. To create a basic schedule of the building using Primavera P6.

4. To perform BIM using Revit and Naviswork (3D, 4D & 5D).

5. Application of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in BIM.

 METHODOLOGY

Study of relevant research papers

Obtaining an already existing G+20 Residential Building.

Structural Analysis of that Building using ETABS.

Planning, Scheduling, and Estimation of Building using Primavera P6.

Use of Building Information Modeling Using REVIT.

4D and 5D Simulation using Navisworks

Visual Representation of our Building through AR AND VR.

 CHAPTER 4
AUTOCAD

4.1 Floor Plan

4.2 Details of Buildings

1. Plinth area: - 8500sqft

2. Carpet Area:-
3. It’s a G+20 Residential Building with 15 flats on one floor (including 1bhks & 2bhks).
4. Beams:-
5. Floor to floor height:- 3m
CHAPTER 5
ETABS

Fig.1 Plan View

 Fig.2 3D View

Specification of structure:-

Height of Building 60m

Type of Structure Residential Building

Soil type

Floor to floor Height 3m

Response reduction factor 5

Seismic zone Zone III

5.1 Defining of property
Select define menu > material properties. Add new material
in the defining material property the concrete of M30 and
steel of grade Fe500. For our work the size of structural
components (beams, columns, and slabs) are taken as per
the requirement.
Fig.3 Frame Properties
 Fig.4 Frame Section Property Data(Beam)

Fig.5 Frame Section Property Data(Column)

 Size of beam:-
1. Beam(150X600)
2. Beam (230X600)
3. H Beam (230X125)

Size of Column:-
1. Col (230X700) 13. Col(300X900)
2. Col (230X900) 14. Col(300X1200)
3. Col (230X1200) 15. Col(300X1800)
4. Col (230X1000) 16. Col(300X2110)
5. Col (230X1650) 17. Col(300X1650)
6. Col (230X1800) 18. Col(300X2600)
7. Col (230X2100) 19. Col(300X2700)
8. Col (230X2400) 20. Col (350X700)
9. Col (230X2600) 21. Col (350X900)
10. Col (230X2700) 22. Col (350X1000)
11. Col (300X100) 23. Col (350X1200)
12. Col (300X700) 24. Col (400X1000)

Slab Thickness:-
S1 – 175mm

Steel Grade:-
HYSD 500

Concrete Grade:-
M30, M35, M40, M45

Shear Wall:-
6” and 9”
5.2 Assigning of Property
After defining the property we have to draw the structural
components using command menu > Draw line for beam for
beams and create columns in region for columns.

5.3 Assigning of Supports

By keeping the plan at the base of the structure and selecting
all the columns supports are assigned by using assign menu
> joint\frame >Restraints (supports) >fixed.

5.4 Defining of loads

The loads in ETABS are defined as using static load cases
command in define menu. In the Load Cases Dead load of
wall (230mm thick) 17 KN/m, live load of 2 KN/m2 and
floor finish of 1 KN/m2 was defined.

Load Details:-

Fig.6 Load Pattern

 Fig.7 P-Delta

Fig.8 Mass Source Data

 5.5 Analysis
After the completion of all the above steps analysis was
performed and checked for errors.

Analysis

Wind & Earthquake Analysis:-

1. Storey Displacement:
Wind causes a random time-dependent load, which can be seen as a mean plus a fluctuating
component. Strictly speaking all structures will experience dynamic oscillations due to the
fluctuating component (gustiness) of wind. In short rigid structures these oscillations are
insignificant, and therefore can be satisfactorily treated as having an equivalent static
pressure.
As per IS: 456-2000 The lateral sway at the top of the building shall not exceed H/500 for
transient wind loads, where H is total height of the building.
The total Height of our building is 60m.
H/500 = 60000/500=120mm.

From fig.2 the maximum storey displacement is 43.15mm.

Hence the displacement is within the limit and therefore our structure is safe..
Fig.9 Max Storey Displacement(Wind X)
Fig.11 Max Storey displacement (EQX)
2. Storey Drifts:
Storey drift is the lateral displacement of a floor relative to the floor below, and the storey
drift ratio is the storey drift divided by the storey height.

Deflections must be limited during earthquakes for a number of reasons, and hence
provision of adequate stiffness is important. Relative horizontal deflections within the
building (e.g. between one storey and the next, known as storey drift) must be limited. This
is because non-structural elements such as cladding, partitions and pipework must be able to
accept the deflections imposed on them during an earthquake without failure. Failure of
external cladding, blockage of escape routes by fallen partitions and ruptured firewater
pipework all have serious safety implications. Moreover, some of the columns in a building
may only be designed to resist gravity loads, with the seismic loads taken by other elements,
but if deflections are too great they will fail through ‘P–delta’ effects however ductile they
are. Overall deflections must also be limited to prevent impact, both across separation joints
within a building and (usually more seriously) between buildings.

As per IS Code:
The storey drift in any storey due to the minimum specified design lateral force, with partial
load factor of 1.0. shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.
Fig.10 Max Storey Drift(Wind X)
Fig.12 Max Storey Drift (EQX)
3. Storey Shear:
It is the lateral force acting on a storey due to the forces such as seismic and wind force. It is
calculated for each storey, changes from minimum at the top to maximum at the bottom of
the building.
As the storey number decreases the base shear value for WX & WY increases.

Fig.11 Max Storey Shear (Wind X)

Fig.12 Max Storey Shear (EQX)
5.6 Design
Once after the analysis is over design of the structural
elements was done as per IS 456:2000 guidelines.
For this go to Design menu >concrete design >select design
combo. After this again go to design menu >concrete frame
design >start design \ check of structure then ETABS
performs the design for every structural element.

Percentage of steel

Fig.13 Percentage of Steel

 CHAPTER 6
3D MODELLING USING REVIT 2018

6.1 Levels

In addition to creating a level for each story in a building, you can also create reference levels,
such as sill level.
1. Open the section or elevation view to add levels to.
2. On the ribbon, click (Level).
• Architecture tab Datum panel (Level)
• Structure tab Datum panel (Level)
• Place the cursor in the drawing area and click.
Note: As you place the cursor to create a level if the cursor aligns to an existing level line,
a temporary vertical dimension displays between the cursor and that level line.
• Draw level lines by moving the cursor horizontally.
On the Options Bar, make sure Plan View is selected by default. As a
result, each level you create is a story level and has an associated floor
plan view and a reflected ceiling plan view.
If you click Plan View Types on the Options Bar, you can choose to
create only the view types that you specify in the Plan View Types
dialog.
If you clear Make Plan View, the level is considered to be a non-story
level or a reference level; no associated plan view is created. Walls and
other level-based elements can use reference levels as their top or base
constraint.
As you draw level lines, the heads and tails of the lines can align to one another. When you
select a level line that is aligned with others, a lock appears to show the alignment. If you move
the level line horizontally, all aligned level lines move with it.
• Click when the level line is the correct length.
• You can change the name of the level by clicking the number to select
it. You can also change the height of the level by clicking the dimension.
Fig 4.1 Level
Fig 4.2 Levels in a view
6.2 Grid
Grids are annotation elements that help organize your design.
On the ribbon, click (Grid).
1. Architecture tab Datum panel (Grid)
2. Structure tab Datum panel (Grid)
3. Click Modify | Place Grid tab Draw panel and select a
4. Use Pick Lines to snap the grid to an existing line, such as a wall.
5. (Optional) Click Modify | Place Grid tab Draw panel (Multi-Segment) to sketch grids
requiring more than one segment.
6. Click when the grid is the correct length.
Revit automatically numbers each grid. To change the grid number, click
the number, enter the new value, and press ENTER. You can use letters
for grid line values. If you change the first grid number to a letter, all
subsequent grid lines update appropriately.
As you draw grid lines, the heads and tails of the lines can align to one
another. If grid lines are aligned and you select a line, a lock appears to
indicate the alignment. If you move the grid extents, all aligned grid lines move with it.

Fig 4.3 Grid option

 Fig 4.4 Grids in a view

6.3 Column
Click Architecture tab Build panel Column drop-down (Column:
Architectural).On the Options Bar, specify the following:
• Rotate after placement. Select this option to rotate the column
immediately after placing it.
• Level. (3D views only) Select a level for the column's base. For
plan views, the view's level is the base level for the column.
• Height. This setting draws the column upward from its base. To
draw the column downward from its base, select Depth.
• Level/Unconnected. Select a level for the top of the column, or
select Unconnected and specify the column height.
• Room Bounding. Select this option to designate the column as
room-bounding before you place it.
• Click in the drawing area to place the column. If you need to move
the column, select it and drag it to a new position.
Fig 4.5
 Fig 4.5 Structural column

6.4 Beams
Use the Grid tool to select grid lines to place beams automatically
between other structural elements such as columns, structural walls, and
other beams.
For example, you might have 2 structural columns located on a grid line.
Beams are also added between columns and structural walls.
1. Click Structure tab Structure panel (Beam).
2. Click Modify | Place Beam tab Multiple panel (On Grids).
3. Select a grid line along which you want to place a beam.
4. Press and hold Ctrl to select multiple grids.
5. Click Modify | Place Beam On Grid Lines Multiple panel
(Finish).
When Revit places beams along a grid line, it uses the following conditions:
• All the possible supports that intersect the grid line, such as columns,
walls, or beams, are scanned.
• If a wall is on the grid line, a beam is not placed in the wall. The ends of the wall are used as
support.
• If a beam intersects and crosses the gridline, that beam is considered to be intermediate
support, because this beam supports new beams
created on the grid line.
• If a beam intersects but does not cross the grid line, this beam is
supported by a new beam created on the grid line.

Fig 4.6 Structural beam

6.5 Floor Slab
Create a structural floor by selecting support framing, walls, or by
sketching the extent of the floor.
1. On the ribbon, click (Structural Floor).
• Architecture tab Build panel Floor drop-down (Floor: Structural)
• Structure tab Structure panel Floor drop-down (Floor: Structural)
From the Type Selector, specify a structural floor type.
On the ribbon, click (Boundary Line).
Click Pick Walls and select the bounding walls.
Note: Instead of picking walls you can sketch a structural floor. On the
Draw panel of the ribbon, use the sketch tools to form the boundary of the structural floor. The
sketch must form a closed loop or boundary condition.
To change the span direction, click Span Direction, and click the desired
edge or line.
(Optional) On the Options Bar:
• Specify an offset for slab edges.
• Select Extend into wall (to core).
On the ribbon, click (Finish Edit Mode).
 Fig 4.7 Structural slab

6.6 Rebar
Place individual rebar instances in section views of valid hosts.
Place individual rebar instances in plan, elevation, or section views of
valid hosts.
1. Click Structure tab Reinforcement panel drop-down Reinforcement
Settings. Determine if rebar shape matching references hooks. This is
important to specify before any rebar is placed in a project because it
cannot be changed later in the design process. Close the dialog when
complete.
2. Create a view that cuts the element to be reinforced.
3. Click Structure tab Reinforcement panel Rebar.
Note: The tool is also available on the selection Contextual Tab for
elements that are valid rebar hosts.
4. In the Type selector at the top of the Properties palette, select the desired rebar type.
5. Optional. If necessary, click Modify | Place Rebar tab Family panel
Load Shapes to load additional rebar shapes.
6. In either the Rebar Shape Selector on the Options Bar or the Rebar Shape Browser, select the
desired rebar shape.
7. Select the placement plane. Click one of the following placement planes from Modify | Place
Rebar tab Placement Plane panel
• Current Work Plane
• Near Cover Reference
• Far Cover Reference
The plane defines where the rebar is placed in the host. Select the
placement orientation or perspective.
Note: The Placement Plane tools are currently available only to students
and to Autodesk Maintenance and Desktop Subscription customers for
the Revit 2015 R2release of the software.
Planar rebar:
Click one of the following placement orientations from Modify | Place
Rebar tab Placement Orientation panel

• Parallel to Work Plane

• Parallel to Cover
• Perpendicular to Cover
The orientation defines how the rebar is aligned when placed in the
host.
Multi-planar rebar:
Click one of the following placement perspectives from Modify | Place
Rebar tab Placement Perspective panel
• Top, Bottom, Front, Back, Right, Left
The perspective defines which side of the multi-planar rebar family is
parallel to the work plane.
If you place standard style rebar adjacent to stirrup/tie style rebar, the
standard bar snaps along the edge of the stirrup/tie bar. This includes
the straight edges as well as the fillets and hooks of the stirrup/tie rebar.
Click to place the rebar in the host. If necessary, press
the Spacebar during placement to rotate the orientation of the rebar
shape within the cover reference. Orientation can be shifted after
placement by selecting the rebar and using the Spacebar similarly.
Rebar lengths default to the length of the host element or to other host
elements within the constraints of the cover reference. To edit lengths,
change to either a plan or an elevation view, select the rebar instance
and revise the end points as needed.
Fig 4.8 Rebar in sectional view

Fig 4.9 Rebar placement options

 Fig 4.10 Rebar Shape Browser

Fig 4.11 Reinforcement Detailing of Slab, Beam & Column

6.7 Slab reinforcement
Sketch area reinforcement in floors, walls or foundation slabs for large
areas that need reinforcement.
1. Click Structure tab Reinforcement panel (Area).
Note: The tool is also available on the selection Contextual Tab for elements that are valid
reinforcement hosts.
2. Select the floor, wall or foundation slab to receive area reinforcement.
3. Click Modify | Create Reinforcement Boundary tab Draw panel (Rebar Line).
4. Click once to select a starting point for the area reinforcement sketch.
5. Continue to select points until you form a closed loop.

6.8 Walls
• Open a floor plan view or a 3D view.
• Click (Wall: Architectural).
• Architecture tab Build panel Wall drop-down (Wall: Architectural)
• Structure tab Structure panel Wall drop-down (Wall: Architectural)
If you want to place a wall type other than the one displayed in the Type
Selector, select a different type from the drop-down. You can use the
bottom part of the Properties palette to modify some of the instance
properties for the selected wall type before you start placing instances.
On the Options Bar, specify the following:
• Level. (3D views only) Select a level for the wall’s base constraint. You can choose a non-
story level.
• Height. Select a level for the wall’s top constraint, or enter a value for the default setting of
Unconnected.
• Location Line. Select which vertical plane of the wall you want to align with the cursor as you
draw, or with the line or face you will select in the drawing area.
• Offset. Optionally enter a distance to specify how far the wall’s location line will be offset
from the cursor position or from a selected line or face (as described in the next step).
• On the Draw panel, select a draw tool to place the wall using one of the
following methods:
• Draw the wall. Use the default Line tool to place a straight wall segment by specifying both a
start point and an endpoint in the drawing.
Alternatively, you can specify the start point, move the cursor in the
desired direction, and then enter a value for the wall length.
• Other tools on the Draw panel let you sketch rectangular, polygonal,
circular, or arced layouts. As you are drawing a wall with any of these
tools, you can press the Spacebar to flip the interior/exterior orientation of the wall in relation
to its location line.
• To exit the Wall tool, click Modify.

Fig 4.12 Non-structural Wall

 Fig 4.13 3D view of a wall

6.8 Stairs
When creating a stair by sketch, sketching a run is the easiest method.
The boundaries and risers are generated automatically as you sketch the run. When you finish
the sketch, a railing is applied automatically. The Run tool limits the design of your stairs to
straight runs, straight runs with landings, and spiral staircases. For more control when designing
stairs, sketch the run
by sketching the boundary and riser lines.
To sketch a run of stairs
1. Open a plan or 3D view.
2. Click Architecture tab Circulation panel Stair drop-down (Stair
by Sketch).
3. Click Modify | Create Stairs Sketch tab Draw panel Run. The Line
tool is selected by default. Select a different tool on the Draw panel if
desired.
4. Click to start the run. Click start point on left side
5. Click to end the run. Click endpoint on right end
6. Optionally, specify a railing type for the stair. See Specify the Railing for a New Stair by
Sketch.
7. Click (Finish Edit Mode).

Fig 4.14 Stair

FINAL OUTPUT:
https://autode.sk/37pV9EC
 CHAPTER 7
ESTIMATION

7.1 General
Estimating is the technique of calculating or computing the various
quantities and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project. In case the
funds available are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part or by reducing it or
specifications are altered, the following requirement are necessary for preparing an estimate.
1. Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
2. Detailed specifications about workmanship& properties of materials
3. Standard schedule of rates of the current year.
7.2 Unit of Measurements
The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their nature,
shape and size and for making payments to the contractor and also. The
principle of units of measurements normally consists the following:
a) Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc., is expressed in
numbers.
b) Works consists linear measurements involve length like cornice,
fencing, hand rail, bands of specified width etc., are expressed in
running feet (RF).
c) Works consists areal surface measurements involve area like
plastering, white washing, partitions of specified thickness etc., and
are expressed in square feet (SQ.FT)
d) Works consists cubical contents which involve volume like earth
work, cement concrete, Masonry etc. are expressed in Cubic
Feet.
7.3 Requirement of Estimation and Costing
1. Estimate gives an idea of the cost of the work and hence its
feasibility can be determined i.e. whether the project could be taken up
with in the funds available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange
contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the
execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds
available or not.

7.4 Lumpsum Quantities

While preparing an estimate, it is not possible to work out in detail in
case of petty items. Items are other than civil engineering such items are called
lump sum items or simply L.S. items.
The following are some of L.S. Items in the estimate.
1. Water supply and sanitary arrangements.
2. Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.,
3. Architectural features.
4. Contingencies and unforeseen items.
In general, a certain percentage of the cost of estimation is allotted for
the above L.S. items Even if sub estimates are prepared or at the end of execution of work,
the actual cost should not exceed the L.S.amounts provided in the main estimate.

7.5 Work Charged Establishment

During the construction of a project considerable number of skilled
supervisors, work assistance, watch men etc., are employed on temporary basis. The salaries
of these persons are drawn from the L.S. amount allotted towards the work charged
establishment. That is, establishment which is charged directly to work. An L.S.amount of
1½ to 2% of the estimated cost is provided towards the work charged establishment.

7.6 Methods of Preparation of Approximate Estimate

Preliminary or approximate estimate is required for studies of various
aspects of work of project and for its administrative approval. It can decide, in case of
commercial projects, whether the net income earned justifies the amount invested or not. The
approximate estimate is prepared from the
practical knowledge and cost of similar works. The estimate is accompanied by a report duel
explaining necessity and utility of the project and with a site or layout plan. A percentage 5
to 10% is allowed for contingencies. The following are the methods used for preparation of
approximate estimates.
a) Plinth area method
b) Cubical contents methods
c) Unit base method

7.6.1 Plinth area method

The cost of construction is determined by multiplying plinth area with plinth area rate. The
area is obtained by multiplying length and breadth (outer dimensions of building). In fixing
the plinth area rate, careful observation and necessary enquiries are made in respect of quality
and quantity aspect of materials and labour, type of foundation, height of building, roof, wood
work, fixtures, number of storey’s etc., As per IS 3861-1966, the following areas include
while calculating the plinth area of building.
Types of Estimates
a) Area of walls at floor level.
b) Internal shafts of sanitary installations not exceeding 2.0m2, lifts, airconditioning ducts etc
c) Area of barsati at terrace level: Barsati means any covered space open on one side
constructed on one side constructed on terraced roof which is used as shelter during rainy
season.
d) Porches of non-cantilever type.

Areas which are not to include:

a) Area of lofts
b) Unenclosed balconies
c) Architectural bands, cornices etc.,
d) Domes, towers projecting above terrace level.
e) Box louvers and vertical sun breakers.
7.6.2 Cubical Contents Method
This method is generally used for multi-storeyed buildings. It is more
accurate that the other two methods viz., plinth area method and unit base method. The cost
of a structure is calculated approximately as the total cubical contents (Volume of buildings)
multiplied by Local Cubic Rate. The volume of building is obtained by Length x breadth x
depth or height. The length and breadth are measured out to out of walls excluding the plinth
off set. The cost of string course, cornice, corbelling etc., is neglected. The cost of building=
Volume of buildings x rate/ unit volume.
 CHAPTER 8
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

8.1 Introduction
Project planning is the process of identifying all the activities necessary
to successfully complete the project. Project scheduling is the process of
determining the sequential order of the planned activities, assigning realistic durations to each
activity, and determining the start and finish dates for each activity. Thus, project planning is a
prerequisite to project scheduling because there is no way to determine the sequence or start
and finish dates of activities until they are identified. However, the terms of project planning
and scheduling are often used synonymously because planning and scheduling are performed
interactively.

8.1.1 Project Planning and Scheduling

Planning establishes the benchmark for the project control system to track the quantity, cost,
and timing of work required to successfully complete the project. As changes occur, additional
planning is required to incorporate the changes into the schedule. There are many situations or
events that can arise that can impact a project schedule. Examples are changes in personnel,
problems with permits, change in a major piece of equipment, or design problems. Good
planning detects changes and adjusts the schedule in the most efficient manner. A common
complaint of many design engineers is they cannot efficiently produce their work because of
interruptions and delays. The cause of this problem is usually a lack of planning, and in some
instances no planning at all. Planning should clearly identify the work that is required by each
individual
and the interface of work between individuals
8.2 Methods of scheduling
The technique used for project scheduling will vary depending upon the project's size,
complexity, duration, personnel, and owner requirements. The project manager must choose a
scheduling technique that is simple to use and is easily interpreted by all project participants.
There are two general methods that are commonly used Critical Path Method (CPM)
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

8.2.1. Critical Path Method (CPM)

The Critical Path Method (CPM) was developed in 1956 as a
deterministic approach to scheduling. The CPM method is commonly used in the engineering
and construction industry. The CPM provides interrelationships of activities and scheduling of
costs and resources. It also is an effective technique for overall project scheduling and detailed
scheduling of construction.
However, it does have some limitations when applied to detailed engineering design work
during the early stages of a project because it requires an extensive description of the
interrelationships of activities.
Although the CPM technique requires more effort than a bar chart, it
provides more detailed information that is required for effective project
management. Using a network schedule to plan a project forces the project team to break a
project down into identifiable tasks and to relate the tasks to each other in a logical sequence in
much greater detail than a Gantt chart. This upfront planning and scheduling helps the project
team to identify conflicts in resources before they occur. The project manager must use his or
her own judgment and select the method of scheduling that best defines the work to be done and
that communicates project requirements to all participants.
 Fig 1 Activities with their Gantt Chart

8.3 Task Dependencies

1. Finish to start (FS)
• A FS B means "activity A must finish before activity B can begin" (or "B can't start until A
has finished").

2. Finish to finish (FF)

• A FF B means "activity A must finish before activity B can finish" (or "B can't finish
before A is finished")
3. Start to start (SS).
• A SS B means "activity A must start before activity B can start" (or "B can't start until A
has started").

4. Start to finish (SF)

• A SF B means "activity A must start before activity B finishes" (or "B can't finish until A
has started")

8.4 Work Breakdown structure (WBS)

Dividing complex projects to simpler and manageable tasks is the process identified as Work
Breakdown Structure (WBS).
Usually, the project managers use this method for simplifying the project execution. In WBS,
much larger tasks are broken down to manageable chunks of work. These chunks can be
easily supervised and estimated.WBS is not restricted to a specific field when it comes to
application. This methodology can be used for any type of project management.
Following are a few reasons for creating a WBS in a project:
• Accurate and readable project organization.
• Accurate assignment of responsibilities to the project team.
• Indicates the project milestones and control points.
• Helps to estimate the cost, time and risk.
• Illustrate the project scope, so the stakeholders can have a better
understanding of the same.

8.4.1 WBS Diagram

In a WBS diagram, the project scope is graphically expressed. Usually
the diagram starts with a graphic object or a box at the top, which represents the entire project.
Then, there are sub-components under the box. These boxes represent the deliverables of the
project. Under each deliverable, there are subelements listed. These sub-elements are the
activities that should be performed in order to achieve the deliverables.
Although most of the WBS diagrams are designed based on the deliveries, some WBS are
created based on the project phases. Usually, information technology projects perfectly fit
into WBS model. Therefore, almost all information technology projects make use of WBS.In
addition to the general use of WBS, there is specific objective for deriving a WBS as well.
WBS is the input for Gantt charts, a tool that is used for project management purpose.
Gantt chart is used for tracking the progression of the tasks derived by WBS.
 Fig 2 WBS of Ground Floor ( Red arrows showing critical activities)

8.5. Procedure for Scheduling Using Primavera P6

● New Project Calendar was defined by selecting Change Working Time and Holidays were
mentioned as exceptions.
● Work Week was defined by Monday to Friday, 9.00 am to 5.00 pm and considering 1-hour
lunch break.
 Fig 3 Project calendar

● Open the Create a New Project dialog box by clicking File -> New

● Select Enterprise project structure and click Next

Fig 4
● Define Project ID & Project Name and click

Fig 5
● Define Planned Start date and click Next:

Fig 6
● Assign Responsible Manager and click Next

Fig 7

● Assign Predefined Rate Types and click Next

Fig 8
● Complete the project wizard by clicking finish

Fig 9

● To modify any project details of the newly created project Click Enterprise -> Projects In
the above project details, you can individually modify the settings under each tab.
● Go to Activities Window by clicking Project -> Activities
● For adding a new activity: Click Add in the command bar Activity Window with Details
screen
● Define Activity ID & Name along with the duration.
 Fig 10

● Assign Activity Type, Activity calendar & WBS in the general tab of the Activity details.

Fig 11
 Fig 12

● Likewise create all activities.

● Assign relationships to the activities.

Fig 13
FINAL OUTPUT:
 CHAPTER 9
4D INTEGRATION USING NAVISWORKS 2018

9.1: Introduction
• 4D integration or visualization refers to the intelligent linking of
individual 3D components or assemblies with time- or schedule-related information.
• The use of the term 4D is intended to refer to the fourth dimension: time, i.e. 4D is 3D plus
schedule (time).
• Time-related information for a particular element might include
information on lead time, how long it takes to install/construct, the time needed to become
operational/harden/cure, the sequence in which
components should be installed, and dependencies on other areas of the
project.
• With time information federated in the shared information model
planners should be able to develop an accurate project programme. With the data linked to
the graphical representation of components/systems it becomes easy to understand and query
project information and it is also possible to show how construction will develop,
sequentially, over time showing how a structure will visually appear at each stage.
• Adding sequencing information can be extremely useful, not just in the design phase, but
earlier too, allowing for the feasibility of schemes to be assessed from the off. At tender stage
this kind of information can allow initial concepts to be explored and communicated to inspire
confidence in the team's ability to meet the brief.
• The construction of the 4D models enables the various participants (from architects,
designers, contractors to clients) of a construction project, to visualize the entire duration of
a series of events and display the progress of construction activities through the lifetime of
the project.
• This BIM-centric approach towards project management technique has a very high potential
to improve the project management and delivery of construction project, of any size or
complexity.
• Construction sequences can be reviewed as a series of problems using 4D BIM, enabling
users to explore options, manage solutions and optimize results.
• Navisworks has been used for the purpose of 4D integration in this
project. The 3D Revit model along with the schedule prepared using Primavera P6.

Fig 1 Linking the 3D Revit model in Navisworks

9.2 Procedure for 4D Integration
9.2.1 Uploading 3D model into Navisworks
The 3D model drafted in Revit can be directly uploaded into
Navisworks using the following commands.
• File Open (Name of the Revit file) In addition to directly exporting the Revit file
• Export the model in CAD format. The resulting DWG file can be opened directly in
Navisworks.
• Export the model as a DWF file, which can then be opened directly in
Navisworks.
• Use the IFC export option and then directly open the IFC format in
Navisworks.

Fig 2 Uploading the 3D model into Navisworks

9.2.2 Uploading schedule into Navisworks
The schedule from Primavera P6 is uploaded into Navisworks using the following commands.
• Load a model into Autodesk Navisworks in the usual way, and then
click Home tab Tools panel Timeliner.
• You can use Data source Tab to import tasks from external source which is Primavera P6 in
our project.
• Alternatively, you can create tasks, each having a name, start and end date and a task type
directly in Navisworks Timeliner.Timeline defines some default task types for you
(Construct, Demolish and Temporary), or you can define your own task types on the
Configure Tab. You can also view a read-only graphical representation of your project
schedule, and can switch between Planned, Actual, and Planned vs Actual Gantt charts.

Fig 3. Timeliner
Fig 4 Uploading Schedule into Navisworks

Fig 5 Schedule in Navisworks

9.2.3 Attach objects in the model to tasks
• Attaching objects in the model to task involves linking each of the
elements of the model to the schedule.
• Objects can be manually attached using Attach Tasks to Geometry
command in the timeliner.
• The tasks can also be attached to selection sets or selection tree using the above command.
• Alternatively you can use Auto-Attach Using Rules to attach tasks
automatically.

Fig 6 Attach objects in the model to tasks.

 Fig 7 Timeliner rules

9.2.4 Creating selection sets:

• Creating selection sets involves grouping similar elements of the model for linking them
with a particular task specified in the schedule.
• Click Home Tab Sets Manage sets
• Now each of the similar elements in the 3D model of a particular task can be combined and
stored in a set under a specific name.
• This can be linked to the tasks using Attach Tasks to Geometry in the
Timeliner.
 Fig 8 Creating selection sets

9.2.5 Simulation of the schedule

• You can visualize your model at any date in your schedule with the
currently active tasks highlighted.
• You can add Animation to Timeliner Schedules to your construction
schedules, and enhance the quality of simulations.
• To simulate the schedule, click Home Tab Timeliner simulate
Play.
• You can adjust the time of simulation using Settings Tab and assign the rate at which the
progress is to be simulated.
Fig.9 Simulation setting
Fig 10 Simulation of the schedule & Simulation
 CHAPTER 11
RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS

The following are the results obtained from our project:

• An exact 3D digital replica of the building was created using Autodesk
Revit 2019.
• Approximate Estimation was done manually using Plinth Area Method
• The total cost of the project is Rs 8,45,58,513.
• Planning and Scheduling were done using Primavera P6. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS),
Critical Path and Gantt chart were obtained from it.
• The total duration for the construction of the project was found to be 572 days, the project was
assumed to be commencing on June 1, 2018 and the estimated completion date of the project
was found to be April 11, 2020.
• The 3D model from Revit and the Schedule made in Primavera were
integrated in Navisworks to obtain an accurate 4D model (4D
simulation) of the project.

Limitations
• MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) works were not considered for estimation &
scheduling purposes and were also not included in the 3D, 4D, and 5D models. The reason for
their exclusion is MEP details were not available for the project.
• Fire safety systems such as fire alarms, smoke detectors, fire
extinguishers & sprinkler systems were considered in estimation, but not in scheduling and
modeling for the same reason as above.
 Chapter 12
References

1. IS-456 2000 plain and reinforced concrete code of practice.

2. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF G + 20 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN ZONE2 AND ZONE5
BY USING ETABS J.CHIRANJEEVI YADAV,L.RAMAPRASAD REDDY2
3. Dynamic analysis of G + 20 multi storied building by using shear wall in various locations
for different seismic zones by using Etabs Shaik Akhil Ahamad, K.V. Pratap
4. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING USING ETABS Ragy Jose1,
Restina Mathew2, Sandra Devan3, Sankeerthana Venu4, Mohith Y S5
5. Design and Analysis of Residential Building using E-TABS S Abhishek1, Manoj S K2,
Roopa B D3, Bhagyashree M S4, Guruprasad C H M5
6. ttps://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16688_01/Product_Manuals/PMRefMan.pdf
7. Mrs. K. Priya, Mr. M. Kathiresan, D. Vengateshwari, M. Suriyakumari, “Planning, Analysis
and Construction scheduling of apartment building (G+13) by using Primavera P6”, March
2019
8. shah Harsh, Prof Mamata Rajgor, Dr. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “Planning, Scheduling and
Tracking of Industrial Project Using Primavera P6 Software”, May 2018
9. Anurag Mahure, Amitkumar Ranit, “Effective Schedule Developing Using Primavera P6”,
April 2018.
10. Planning, Scheduling and Allocation of Resources for Multi Storied Structure using
Oracle’s Primavera P6 Software Vishal Annappa Nimbal ,Prof. Balasaheb Jamadar
11. To Study Scheduling and Implementation Using Traditional and Primavera Approach of
Building Saurabh Jain, Samkit,Gandhi, Shreyans,Agrawal, Laukik Parakh, Prof. V.
P.Kulkarni
12. The Benefits, Obstacles and Problems of Practical Bim Implementation Darius
Migilinskasa,*, Vladimir Popovb, Virgaudas Juoceviciusc, Leonas Ustinovichiusd.
13. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Now and Beyond Salman Azhar,Malik Khalfan,
Tayyab Maqsood
14. Design and Analysis (G+5) of Residential Building Dr. V. Ramesh Babu K.Vishnu Vardhan
 K.Peeraiah
15. A brief Discussion on Augmented reality and virtual Reality in Construction industry Shakil
Ahmed, Md. Mehrab Hossain, Md. Ikramul Hosque
16. A BIM–AR Quality Management System for Structural Elements Mehrdad Mirshokraei,
Carlo Iapige De Gaetani * and Federica Migliaccio