Objectives:

Dishwashing, rather than any other household cleaning task, is likely to be subject to more variables.
Regardless of brand, long-lasting suds, good cleaning efficiency, mildness to hands, protection for
dishes and other washables, storage stability, friendly scent and appearance, comfortable wrapping,
and dispensing are all essential characteristics in a hand dishwashing liquid. Furthermore, the
experiment was conducted to create a cheaper and efficient alternative dishwashing soap using
materials that can be seen at home. Also, to provide detailed information on what is needed to turn
oil into soap.

Materials:
150 ml of Palm Oil
1 1/2 tablespoon of salt
1/4 cup of water 1/4 cup of water
1 tablespoon of baking soda
Measuring equipment
Apron Spoon
Optional: Fragrance

Procedures:
1. Prepare all your materials needed in a clean area
2. Wear safety clothes such as apron/lab gown
3. First prepare your 1 1/2 tablespoon of salt and 1/4 cup of water.
4. Mix the salt and the water to be use later as a thickener to the soap
5. Set aside the thickener and prepare your 3/4 cup of water, and 1 tablespoon baking soda.
6. Boil 3/4 cup of water and add the 1 tablespoon of washing and baking soda.
7. Boil the 3/4 cup of water and then add the 1 tablespoon baking soda to the boiling water
8. Mix the water, and baking soda until it dissolves and set aside until the bubbles disappear.
9. After the bubbles disappear, transfer it on another clean container and add the 150 ml of palm oil
into the mixture.
10. When the two substances are mixed add slowly the thickener and mix using a spoon until you
achieve you desired consistency.
11. If you want to add a coloring or fragrance to your soap, you may add so.
12. Finally transfer your dishwashing liquid into your chosen container.
Chemical Concept:
Saponification
Oils are organic compounds that are used as ingredients in a variety of cosmetic and toiletry
products. These are high molecular weight esters obtained from long-chain fatty acids in general.
Plants produce 'fats' and 'oils,' which are tri esters of fatty acids of glycerol. Perhaps, most notably,
oils are an essential component of what we do – producing soap. Oils are an essential component of
the soap-making process, as the saponification reaction cannot occur without oil (or fatty acids from
oils). Saponification is the reaction that occurs when these oils are mixed with an alkaline base, such
as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) (KOH). Fats and oils have properties
that are dictated by the fatty acids that make them up. These fatty acids can be either saturated or
unsaturated, and each fatty acid (or oil) has unique properties and benefits that contribute to the final
product. If it's a liquid at room temperature, it's called "Oil," and if it's solid at room temperature, it's
called "Fat." At room temperature, saturated oils, or fatty acids, such as Coconut Oil and Palm Oil
appear to solidify. Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Palmitic Acid, and Stearic Acid are also contained in
these oils. They'll also make a cleansing soap bar that's tougher and has more lather. At room
temperature, unsaturated fatty acids or oils are liquid and have a lower melting point than saturated
fatty acids. Olive Oil and Sunflower Oil are two of these oils. Oleic and Linoleic Acid are two
unsaturated fatty acids abundant in these oils and lead to a softer finished product. Our Creams and
Lotion bases and our Extruded, Liquid, and Melt and Pour soap bases contain oils and fats. We
saponify various oils, including Hemp Oil, Olive Oil, RSPO Palm Kernel Oil, RSPO Palm Oil,
Coconut Oil, Sunflower Oil, Mango Butter, Shea Butter, and Cocoa Butter to make our soap bases.

Discussions and Conclusions:

Doing your dishwashing liquid at home is very manageable and efficient. Preparing your materials
beforehand is a great place to start this experiment. You will need 150 ml of Palm oil, 1 1/2
tablespoon of salt, one tablespoon of baking soda, 1/4 cup of water, and another 1/4 cup of water for
the thickener. In following the dishwashing liquid soap-making procedures, prepare all your
materials needed in a clean area and, most importantly, wear safety clothes such as an apron/lab
gown. It would be best if you started preparing your 1 1/2 tablespoon of salt and 1/4 cup of water.
Second, mix the salt and the water to be used later as a thickener to the soap. Third, set aside the
thickener and prepare your 3/4 cup of water and baking soda. By doing so, boil 3/4 cup of water and
add one tablespoon baking soda. Then, boil the 3/4 cup of water and then add one tablespoon of
baking soda to the boiling water. Proceed to mix the water and baking soda until it dissolves and set
aside until the bubbles disappear. After the bubbles disappear, transfer it to another clean container
and add the 150 ml of palm oil into the mixture. When the two substances are mixed, add the
thickener slowly and mix using a spoon until you achieve your desired consistency. Finally, if you
want to add coloring or fragrance to your soap, you may add so. You don't need to be a qualified
chemist to make your own soap, and the technicalities shouldn't turn you off. We hope that our
ingredients will help you better understand how to substitute dishwashing liquid is made and that you
will be able to apply this knowledge to some of your own creations.