OSEANOGRAFI FISIK

Resume Kuliah Tamu “ State Of The Art

Marine Survey And Mapping Technology”
Oleh Mohd Shahmy Mohd Said (Dr) &
Danar G. Pratomo

Disusun oleh:
Rizkulloh Nurfauzi A.
03311940000002

Dosen Pengampu:
Cherie Bhekti Pribadi, S.T., M.T

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK GEOMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL, PERENCANAAN DAN KEBUMIAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2021
Scope Geomatics
 Navigation
 Mapping
 Construction
 Deformations
 Forensic
Ocean Maping
 Sea Volume
 Sea Surface
 Seabed Surface
What is Hydrography
 Charting of bodies of water (sea, ocean, lake, river, etc.)
 The purpose to identifying hazards to safe navigation which includes shallow depths,
shipwrecks, rocks, or others dangerous object
 Collected data related to :
o Shoreline configuration
o Depth measurements
o Etc.
 Process the information to create organized datanases for Nautical Charts and Thematic
Maps
Data Acquisition Technique
 Satellite Derived Bathymetry Technique
 Airborne derived Bathymetry Technique
 In-Situ Bathymetry Technique: Multibeam Echo Sounder, Side Scan Sonar
History of Hydrogrpahy
 1275  Portolan charts in existence
 1584  Mariner’s Mirror by Lucas Janszoon
 1731  The Sextant invented
 1750  The Mackenzie Charts of Orkney first published
Physics of Marine Environments
 Tides : Semidiurnal tides, mixed tides, diurnal tides
  Sound Velocity/Speed of Sound : Temperature, Salinity, Pressure
Obersving Environments
 Tidal Station
 Tide Gauge
 Sound Velocity Profiler/CTD
Survey Equipments
 Multibeam Echosounder
 Positioning System (GNSS)
 Precision Heading Sensor (Yaw)
 Precision Motion Sensor (Pitch, Roll, Heave)
 Sound Velocity Probe
 Tide Gauge
 Data Acquisition Computer & Software

Multibeam Survey Sensors

 Originated in the 1950’s, developed from 1960’s (US Navy)
 Provides high resolution depth information
 Wide coverage possible
 Enables full ensonification of the seabed
Sidescan Sonar
 Used to efficiently create an image of large areas of the seafloor
 The SS technique is similar to the aerial photography, except that acoustic beams are
used instead of light beams.
 Typical uses of SSS include object detection, bottom classification, and etc.
Survey Platform
 Can use small boat, moon-pool, KD Perantau, Side-Mounted, Hull-Mounted, Fugro
Equator, etc.
Why do we need Seafloor Mapping?
 Safety of Navigation
 Resource Exploitation
o Oil and Gas
 o Aggregate
o Demershal Fisheries
 Environmental Monitoring
o Pollution
o Trawl Impacts
o Aquaculture Pollution
o Underwater Geo-Hazard
 Boundary Definition
o UNCLOS
o Marine Parks (MPA’s)
o Fishing Rights
o Resource Exploitation Rights
How to Measure the Depth?
 Mechanical Methods
 Acoustical methods
 Non-acoustical metods : Electrinagbetucak nethods
Bathymetric LiDAR
 Really good instrument to make sure depth of the water