13.) Let R be commutative ring with unity of characteristics 3.

Compute and Simplify (att) 6 for a,b, E R

sol. Take not that the commutative R is with unity and has a characteristic 3.

Recall the Definition 19-13.

Now, compute (a + b)6 by the binomial theorem.

Note that (a + b) n x (on) anbo + (1n) an-1b + “-“ + (nn) aobn. we have (a+b)6 = ((a+b)3)2 =
(a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3)2 = (a3 + b3 )2

It follows that ( a3 + b3 )2 = (a3)2 + 2a3b3 + (b3)2 = a6 + 2a3b3 + b6

As a result, The implication of ( a + b ) 6 is a6 + 2a3b3 + b6

20.)Redraw Fig.19.10 to include a subset corresponding to strictly skew fields.
Sol.

5. Rings with
2 Integral Unity
Domains

1
Fields 7
Strictly
skew
4 3 Fields
Communtative Rings
Exercise 20. #3. Z17
Now, Compute g8 in Z17. We have
g8 = 6561
= 6545 + 6
= 385 x 17 + 6
= 6 (mod 17)
8
Since 3 ≠ 1 (mod 17).

Therefore, 3 is a generator of Z*17.

3.) f(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 4, g(x) = 3x2+2x+3 in Z[X]

Solution:

f(x) + g(x) = (2x2 + 3x + 4 ) + (3x2 + 2x + 3)

= 5x2 + 5x + 1 ( mod 6 ) and

f(x).g(x) = (2x2 + 3x + 4 ) . ( 3x2 + 2x + 3 )

= 4x3 + 3x3 + 3x + 2x

= x3 + 5x ( mod 6 )

8.) Ø (2x3 – x2 + 3x + 2)

Solution:

Øi : Ȼ [x] -> Ȼ cualuation mod2

Øi ( 2x0 – x2 + 3x + 2 ) = 2i3 - i2 + 3i +
= -2i + 1 + 3i + 2
= 2+3

10.) x3 + 2x + 2in Zy

Solution:

f(x) = x3 + 2x + 2 E Zg [x].

fo(x2 + 2x + 2) = o3 + 2. 0 +2
= 2 (Mod 7)

fi(x3 + 2x + 2) = i0 + 2.1 + 2

= 1+2 +2

=5 (mod 7)
 f2(x3 + 2x + 2) = 23 +2.2+2
=8+4+2
= 0 (Mod 7)

f3(x3+ 2x +2) = 33 +2.3 + 2

= 27+6+2
=0 (Mod 7)
3 3
f-3(x + 2x +2) = (-3) +2(-3)+2
= -27 – 6 + 2
= 4 (Mod 7)
f-2(x3 + 2x + 2) = (-2)3 + 2(-2)+2
= -8 – 4 + 2
= 4 (Mod 7)
f-1(x3 + 2x + 2) = (-1)3 + 2(-1) + 2
= -1 – 2 + 2
=6 (Mod 7)

Sg the zeros are 2 and 3.