A T R A D E M A R K O F J A C O B I C A R B O N S . W W W. J A C O B I .

N E T

TECHNICAL BULLETIN

Demineralization
Introduction
Numerous industrial manufacturing plants operate high pressure steam boilers
for power generation and process operating requirements. The quality of the
feed water required for high pressure steam boilers is critical and requires
stringent control. High performance deionization systems based on Resinex™
ion exchange resins are used to achieve the necessary feed water quality,
required for efficient operation and protection against scaling and corrosion.

A special range of Resinex™ ion exchange resins has been developed for the
treatment of feed water used in high pressure boiler applications, which are
flexible for installation in established filter designs.

Resinex™ ion exchange resins provide a high total capacity and excellent
mechanical properties. Various bead size specifications - heterodisperse and
uniform - are available to meet individual plant requirements and can be used in
all modern systems (e.g. Upcore, Schwebebett, Amberpack,.....)

The Process
Demineralization is the process of removing all ions (cations and anions) from the
feed water by using several grades of ion exchange resins. Using Resinex™ ion
exchange resins will provide you a very low conductivity level below 0.1 µS/cm;
this level is required to run a modern high pressure boiler.

Processes in the demineralization systems will be amended based on water

quality. Systems can be designed in little has 1 - 2 purification steps. Below is
an example of the most complex 6 step demineralization system design:

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Technical Bulletin: Demineralization

Temporary
HCO3-
Hardness Ca 2+ H2O + CO2
1. Dealkalisation
Resinex™ KH is a weak acid cation exchange resin and Ca 2+
Cl - Resinex Cl -
removes bicarbonates (and the linked Ca2) from the feed
Mg 2+ KH Mg 2+
water. The result is a pH of approx. 4-5 and a high level
NO3 - NO3 -
of CO2. This high level should be removed in front of the H+ form
anion step by a degasser or a membrane for removing
Na + SO42- Na + SO42-
carbon dioxide.

SiO2 SiO2
Work pH : 4 - 13

H2O + CO2 H2O + CO2

2. Removing of cations
Resinex™ K-8 is a strong acid cation exchange resin. Ca 2+
Cl - Resinex Cl -
This resin removes all cations present in the feed. The
Mg 2+ K-8
pH of the treated water will be approx. 1-2, because the H+
NO3 - NO3 -
exchange of cations with hydrogen ions forms strong H+ form
acids during the process (e.g. HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3).
Na + SO42- SO42-

SiO2 SiO2
Work pH : 1 - 13

3. Removing the CO2 H2O + CO2

A common way to remove the CO2 is to treat the water CO2

with a degasser or a mambrane for removal of carbon
Cl - Cl -
dioxide. The process of degassing will reduce the CO2
level down to 0.2 meq/l by a degasser. The retained H+ H+
NO3 - NO3 -
CO2 will be removed by the strong base resin, by using
a mambrane system, the carbon dioxide will be removed SO42- SO42-
by a level of 99.8% min.
SiO2 SiO2

CO2

4. Removing of anions Cl -
Resinex
Resinex™ AB-1 is a weak base anion resin ready to H+ NO3 - H2O
AB-1
use in the shipping form (free base/Cl-). This type of
resin removes all anions present in the feed, except SO42- FB form
weak acids e.g. CO2 and SiO2
H+ HCO3-
SiO2 SiO-2

Work pH : 1 - 6
Technical Bulletin: Demineralization

Resinex
H2O H2O
5. Removing of anions and weak acids A-4
Resinex™ A-4 is a strong base anion resin with an high OH- form
running capacity to remove the leached anions and weak
H+ HCO3-
acids e.g. CO2 and SiO2 from the feed. After this step,
the conductivity should be between 1-5 µS/cm. SiO-2

Work pH : 1 - 12

6. Polishing Mixed Bed

If the boiler feed quality needs to be at a very low level K-8
a polishing mixed bed step is mandatory. A mixture Conductivity
of Resinex™ K-8 and Resinex™ A-4 will ensure a Approx. 0,05 - 0,1 µS/cm
conductivity of 0.05 - 0.10 µS/cm to meet the boiler feed A-4
water specifications.

The Resinex™ Range

Resinex™ KH Weak acid cation resin
Resinex™ K-8 Strong acid cation resin
Resinex™ K-10 Strong acid cation resin, high cross-linked for higher mechanical and chemical resistancy
Resinex™ A-4 Strong base anion resin
Resinex™ A-7 Strong base anion resin, high crosslinked for higher mechanical and chemical resistancy
Resinex™ A-25 Strong base anion resin Type II
Resinex™ AB-1 Mixed base anion resin
Resinex™ AB-2 Weak base anion resin

Available Bead Sizes

Size [mm] Uniformity

Standard 0.42 - 1.25 1.6 max.

UB 0.50 - 0.71 1.2 max.
UB eXtra 0.50 - 0.60 1.1 max.
MB 1.6 max.
cation 0.70 - 1.25
anion 0.42 - 0.90
Technical Bulletin: Demineralization

Regeneration
Resinex™ Ion Exchange Resins offer an excellence regeneration
performance for an economic operation.

References
Resinex Ion Exchange Resins has been established worldwide in
Demineralization processes. A full list of references is available on request.

Documentation
A full set of documentation e.g. warranties, operating conditions, regenerant
specifications, storage & transportation is available.

Services
Jacobi is offering full services to our partners and clients:

• Select the right grade

• Run trials
• Design the system
• ResinexCalc - design your system by yourself with our software
• Troubleshooting
• Sample reports
• and many more.....

Please contact your local Jacobi office or send us an email to

resinex@jacobi.net or infous@jacobi.net for further information.

Product Packaging

25 lit. polyethylene valve bag Polypropylene FIBCs

48 bags/pallet (big bag), 1.000 lit.
40 bags/pallet

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For more information or to contact Jacobi visit: www.resinex.jacobi.net

NOTICE Due to the progressive nature of the Jacobi Carbons Group and the continually improving design and performance of our products,
we reserve the right to change product specifications without prior notification. The information contained in this datasheet is intended to assist a
customer in the evaluation and selection of products supplied by Jacobi Carbons. The customer is responsible for determining whether products Jacobi Corporate Headquarters
and the information contained in this document are appropriate for customer’s use. Jacobi Carbons assumes no obligation or liability for the usage
of the information in this datasheet, no guarantees or warranties, expressed or implied, are provided. Jacobi Carbons disclaims responsibility and Slöjdaregatan 1
the user must accept full responsibility for performance of systems based on this data. SE-39353 Kalmar | Sweden
Tel: +46 480 417550 | Fax: +46 480 417559
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