MANAGE DATA WITH TRANSACT-SQL

 Create Transact-SQL SELECT queries

 Query multiple tables by using joins
 Implement functions and aggregate data
 Modify Data

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CREATE TRANSACT-SQL SELECT QUERIES

 Foundations of T-SQL
 Logical query processing
 The SELECT statement
 Filter data with predicates
 Sorting data
 Filtering data with TOP and OFFSET-FETCH
 Combining sets with set operators

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FOUNDATIONS OF T-SQL

 Evolution
 Using T-SQL in a relational way
 Using correct terminology

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USING T-SQL IN A RELATIONAL WAY

 T-SQL deviates from the relational model

 Relation has a heading and a body (considered as a whole)
 Heading is a set of attributes (columns)
 Body is a set of tuples (rows)
 Write better code
 Interact with the table as a whole
 Avoid iterative constructs (cursors or loops)

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USING T-SQL IN A RELATIONAL WAY (CONT.)

 A set has no duplicates

 T-SQL doesn’t always enforces rules
 Result could have duplicates

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USING CORRECT TERMINOLOGY

 field -> column

 Record -> row
 “NULL values”

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CREATE DATABASES

 Execute statements from file

 Query database

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LOGICAL QUERY PROCESSING

 Declarative English-like language

 Logical query processing phases

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LOGICAL QUERY PROCESSING PHASES

keyed-in order Processing order

1. SELECT 1. FROM
2. FROM 2. WHERE
3. WHERE 3. GROUP BY
4. GROUP BY 4. HAVING
5. HAVING 5. SELECT
6. ORDER BY 6. ORDER BY

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THE SELECT STATEMENT

 From clause
 Select clause

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FILTER DATA WITH PREDICATES

 Predicates and three valued logic

 Combining predicates -> and, or and not
 NOT precedes AND + OR
 AND precedes OR
 Filtering character data
 Filtering date and time data

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SORTING DATA

 Data will be returned unsorted without a sort defined

 Data will be returned as a whole (relational)
 Data will be returned in the order MS SQL Server reads the records

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FILTERING DATA WITH TOP AND OFFSET-FETCH

 Top (amount or percentage)

 OFFSET-FETCH

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COMBINING SETS WITH SET OPERATORS

 Union / Union all

 Intersect
 Except

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QUERY MULTIPLE TABLES BY USING JOINS

 Cross joins
 Inner joins
 Outer joins
 Queries with composite joins and NULLs join columns
 Multi-join queries

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CROSS JOIN

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JOIN

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IMPLEMENT FUNCTIONS AND AGGREGATE DATA

 Type conversion functions

 Date and time functions
 Character functions
 CASE expressions and related functions
 System functions
 Arithmetic operators and aggregate functions
 Search arguments
 Function determinism

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MODIFY DATA

 Inserting data
 Updating data
 Deleting data
 Merging data
 Using the OUTPUT option
 Impact of structural changes on data

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QUERY DATA WITH TSQL COMPONENTS

 Query data using subqueries and apply

 Query data by using table expressions
 Group and pivot data by using queries

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QUERY DATA USING SUBQUERIES AND APPLY

 Subqueries
 Apply

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QUERY DATA BY USING TABLE EXPRESSIONS

 Derived tables
 Common table expressions

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GROUP AND PIVOT DATA BY USING QUERIES

 Writing grouped queries

 Pivoting and unpivoting data
 Using window functions

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PROGRAM DATABASES BY USING TSQL

 Create database objects by using TSQL

 Implement error handling and transactions
 Implement data types and NULLs

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CREATE DATABASE PROGRAMMABILITY OBJECTS BY USING TSQL

 Views
 User-defined functions
 Stored procedures

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IMPLEMENT ERROR HANDLING AND TRANSACTIONS

 Understanding transactions
 Error handling with TRY-CATCH

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IMPLEMENT DATA TYPES AND NULLS

 Working with data types

 Handling NULLs

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THANK YOU

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