UNIT-III

Q.1. WHAT IS PARAGRAPH WRITING.

Ans. A group of sentences is known as a paragraph and it is also a small unit of prose or may
be a text . Paragraphs are divided into Essays, letters, petitions , application and stories etc etc
.The first sentence is the very important sentence which shows the central idea or topic

The Objective of paragraph are as under:-

1. Unity of theme
2. Logical order
3. Coherence
4. Simple structural patterns
Kinds of paragraphs
1. Descriptive
2. Narrative
3. Definition
4. Comparative/Differences

Q.2. WHAT IS DISCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH and PARAGRAPH OF ARGUMENT ?

Answer. . Detailed information allows the reader to form an image in his or her
imagination.The better the description, the clearer the image.A descriptive paragraph is a
fixed and basic account of a definite topic. Some discriptive paragraph do both. These
paragraphs help readers to feel and sense the details that the writer wants to convey. A
descriptive paragraph describes a thing, a person, or a place.

A paragraph of argument presents a point of view and provides evidence for the
point of view taken. The topic of sentence identifies what is being argued for or
against. For the claim to be persuasive, a writer must support it by argument and
with the most effective evidence that comes from the variety of credible sources.

Q.3. What do you mean by the following :-

a. Note Taking.

Answer. Note-taking is a means of noting the significant points and the idea delivered by a
speaker .It is a functional expertise which requires intelligence of a very high level.

Characteristics of good notes are as under:-

1. Brief
2. Note relevant facts
 3. Only words and phrases are noted
4. There are divisions like introductory part, descriptive and conclusion
5. Systematic presentation
6. Good recording skill and good vocabulary is needed

b. IMPORTANT STEPS OF PROJECT OR REPORT WRITING

Answer.

1. Acknowledgement
2. outline
3. Beginning
4. Progression of events
5. Study &Analysis
6. Recommended solutions
7. The second last part is Conclusion
8. The ending part is Bibliography

CORRESPONDENCE AND COMMUNICATION

Ques.4. What is a Plaint & Written Statement .

(PLAINT)

Answer.4. Plaint is a document which puts the mechanism of judiciary (court) into
movement .It is very well explained under the Civil Procedure Code , which is known as a
procedural law in civil matters . After the notice is provided to the opposite party plaint is
instituted in the trial court by the plaintiff

The plaint shall contain important particulars

1. Name of the court
2. Name description and place of residence of the plaintiff
3. Name description and place of residence of the defendant
4. The Cause of action
5. Jurisdictional clause
6. Prayer must be there
7. The amount of Relief claimed by the court
8. The amount of Court fees instituted in the plaint
REJECTION OF PLAINT
1. When the plaint is disqualified by the existing law of
the country
2. No cause of action
3. No place of jurisdiction referred
4. Not properly stamped
5. When it is undervalued or no court fees is paid
 2. WRITTEN STATEMENT
Written statement is taken by defendants against the
plaintiffs .A defence called the written statement in
common it is an answer to the plaint, in which defendant
refuse or accept each and every contention or facts
specified in the plaint which is also called W/S. It is
defined in order VIII Rule 1 of the Civil Procedure Code.
Written Statement includes two things
a. Grounds(on which it is instituted)
b. Additional Pleas( complete description of the grounds
pleaded on the earlier phase of the pleadings )

Ques.5. What do you mean by legal correspondence and define the drafting of legal
correspondence

Answer.5.

Drafting legal correspondence is one of the most common tasks that a paralegal is asked to
perform. However, many of us have a difficult time knowing where to even begin when
asked to draft a letter to someone. Here are some simple guidelines that you can follow in
order to make drafting correspondence easy and efficient.

How to Draft Legal Correspondence

1. Prepare to write your letter. Before you begin writing, think about your audience, what you
need to say, and what tone of voice you should use. If you are responding to a letter,
telephone call, or other message, you should have that message or letter in front of you. If
you are describing a client’s position or how a certain law applies to a situation, have the
client’s statement or the law in front of you.

2. Briefly explain the purpose of the letter. The first paragraph of any legal correspondence
should explain the why you are writing to the recipient. For example, if you are responding to
a letter or other type of message, you can say, “I am writing in response to your letter
dated…” or if you are writing to opposing counsel in order to explain what your client wants
from his/her client, you can say, “I am writing in the hopes of settling this matter without a
hearing.” In this paragraph you can also state whether or not you or the attorney has recently
spoken with the client, that you have forwarded their most recent correspondence to the
client, and/or that the client’s position is the same as the attorneys. For example, “Pursuant to
my advice, my client believes he is entitled to…” Just keep it brief and to the point; two
sentences is usually quite adequate.

3. Make each point in a separate paragraph. Feel free to number your paragraphs in response
to the recipient’s message or simply to make the letter easier to follow. For example, if you
are writing to a client to let them know what their spouse is asking for in a divorce, you can
number each paragraph and make it correspond to something the client’s spouse wants.
4. Ask the recipient to do something. Generally, legal correspondence is written in the hopes
that the recipient will do something; agree to settle the case, comply with a discovery request,
pay someone, or take some type of action. The last paragraph of your letter, therefore, should
ask the recipient to do whatever it is you want done. For example, if you are writing to an
opposing party to ask that they send a settlement agreement for your attorney’s review, you
may want to say something like, “Please forward a Settlement Agreement to my office for my
review at your earliest convenience.” If your letter is a demand letter, give the recipient a
clear deadline for making payment. For example, “Please forward the amount due to my
office within 10 says from the date of this letter.”

Tips for Writing Legal Correspondence

Write in the active voice. If you use Microsoft Word, you can change your editing and
proofreading settings to notify you if you use a passive, instead of an active, voice. Much of
the legal documents that are drafted use a passive voice. For example, “The new Bill is being
considered” (passive) instead of, “The legislature is considering the new Bill” (active). Active
sentences have actors. In this case the legislature. Passive sentences are complete without
actors. If the actor is unknown, then it is appropriate to use a passive voice, but if the actor is
known, you should name them. Your letter may not sound as “fancy”, but it will make sense
to anyone who reads it.

Keep it short. Say what you have to say as clearly and briefly as possible. Do not use
compound prepositions or wordy expressions when a one or two words can be used to mean
the same thing. For example, instead of saying “because of the fact that…” just say,
“because” or “since”.

Be consistent. If you start out calling a truck a “vehicle” use the term vehicle through-out the
correspondence. You particularly want to be consistent with the words you use to describe
people. For example, if you start out saying Mr. Smith, continue saying Mr. Smith, and do
not later call Mr. Smith, Joe.

Legal Correspondence Forms and Templates

Having forms and templates for common correspondence is just as important as having forms
and templates for pleadings. The types of forms you should maintain depend, of course, on
the type(s) of law practiced at your firm. Here are some common correspondence forms and
templates that should be useful to paralegals in many different types of practice.

Notice of hearing to Client

Reminder of hearing to Client

Cover Letter to Clerk- Filing Pleadings by Mail

Cover Letter to Clerk- Filing Pleadings by Certified Mail

Fax cover sheet

Request for documents to Client

Request for recipient to sign and return document

Payment past due

Cover letter for Final Order to Client

Ques. 6.The Examples of Formal and Legal Correspondence

Ans. 6.

Draft a suit for Defamation

IN THE COURT OF DISTRICT JUDGE LUCKNOW

SUIT NO…….0F 2020

Prateek Singh S/o Mr.Amar Singh………Plaintiff

Versus
Vipin Kumar S/o Mr.Rajesh Kumar………Defendant

The Plaintiff above named states as follows:

1. That the defendant is the chief editor of the “Hindustan” a Hindi news
paper which has large circulation in northern India.
2. That the plaintiff is employed as Executive Officer of Lucknow
Municipal Corporation in Lucknow and has many friends and
relatives residing in the same city.
3. That in the issue of the said news paper of 6th November 2020 the
defendant falsely and maliciously published about the plaintiff the
following words in news item-“that he has no moral and also has no
requisite educational qualification and experience to hold the said
post. He was prosecuted for misappropriation of public fund during
his earlier posting in the Municipal Corporation of Kanpur”
4. That,the said words of the defendant are without any base and veracity
.In fact,the plaintiff has good service records and was never subjected
to any criminal proceedings.
 5. That ,by the reason of the allegations,the plaintiff has greatly suffered
and his credit and reputation has been badly damaged.He has thus
suffered much insult and humiliation.
6. That ,the cause of action arose on 20th August,2020.
7. That the parties live within the local jurisdiction of this court and the
court is competent to entertain and try the suit.

PRAYER
1.The Plaintiff claims Rs……as Damages
Sd………………
Verification
I, Prateek Singh ,S/o Mr.Amar Singh declare that the contents of
paragraph 1 to 6 are true to my personal Knowledge and belief and
paragraph 7 is based on the legal advice of my counsel.

Date:-
Place:-District Court Lucknow Sd………………

Ques.7. Draft an application for restoration of the suit dismissed in default

Answer.7.
IN THE COURT OF DISTRICT JUDGE LUCKNOW

SUIT NO…….436 0F 2020

Arjun Mishra S/o Shri Hariom Mishra ………Plaintiff

Versus
Rajeev Gupta S/o Mr.Praveen Gupta………Defendant

The Plaintiff above named states as follows:

1. That the plaintiff had filed a suit on 15th September,2020 with

necessary documents.
2. That, the date of hearing was fixed as on 20th October ,2020 and
the parties were informed to be present in court with their
respective witness.
3. That, the plaintiff could not be able to appear in the court on the
said date of hearing as he was hospitalised in Civil
Hospital,Lucknow from 15th Ovtober to 25th October for treatment
 of Dengue.Medical Fitness Certificate issued by the hospital is
enclosed herewith.
4. That, on 28th October,2020 when I presented myself before the
Hon’ble Court to know the position of the above suit,I was
informed about the dismissal of the abovementioned suit on
ground of default in appearance .
5. That, my default was unprecedented and beyond my control.

PRAYER
In view of the above circumstances, it is requested that the Hon’ble
Court may kindly pass the order for restoration of the above suit,thus
to meet the ends of justice and fair play.

Lucknow Yours Faithfully

Date:- Arjun Mishra

Ques.8. Write an application to the Dean, Faculty of Law for your character certificate

Answer.8.

To,

The Dean

Law College Meerut

Sir,

I beg to be allowed to recall myself to your memory and to request you to be so kind as to
provide me a character certificate .I have to produce I for the post I am about to seek.

I was in your college during the years 2006 to 2009 and I have passed LL.B
Examination with First Division. As it is very necessary for me, I request you to kindly take
personal interest.

With apologies for troubling you and thanking you in anticipation.

Dated:- Yours Faithfully

Vivek Kumar

Ques.9. Write an application to the Secretary Bar Council, Uttar Pradesh ,Allahabad
,for supplying you a prescribed application form for the enrolment as an advocate.

Answer.9.

To,
The Secretary

Bar Council

Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad

Subject :- Application for supplying an application form for the enrolment as an

advocate

Sir,

It is to bring to your kind notice that I have completed L.L.B course successfully.

I want to practice as an advocate now. So, you are kindly requested to supply an application
form for the enrolment as an advocate in the Bar Council of Uttar Pradesh I shall be highly
obliged.

Dated:- Yours Faithfully

Akash Singh

Ques.10. Write a letter to the Editor of the newspaper expressing your views on bad
conditions of the roads and traffic in your city.

From,
Ujjawal Goyal
93/2,Shastri Nagar
Meerut
Date:-

Answer.10.

To

The Editor of the newspaper

Amar Ujala

Meerut

Subject: - Bad conditions of the roads and traffic in your city

Dear Sir,

Kindly allow me to draw the attention of Meerut through the columns of your
esteemed newspaper to the bad conditions of the road in our locality.

The bad conditions of the road cause a lot of inconvenience to the people. A lot of
traffic confusion is caused during the peak office hours and frequent accidents are caused due
to this.

Keeping the above in view,I hope that the concerned author will initiate important
steps to ensure a good formation to the road in our area.

Thanking you.

Yours Sincerely

(Ujjawal Goyal)