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 Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Materials Today: Proceedings

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Cognitive analysis of deploying web applications on microsoft windows

azure and amazon web services in global scenario
Vaibhav Sharma a,⇑, Vandana Nigam a, Arvind K. Sharma b
a
S. S. Jain Subodh P.G. (Autonomous) College, Jaipur, India
b
Faculty of CSI, University of Kota, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: In the global technological era, Amazon Web Service and Microsoft Azure Cloud technology are widely
Received 26 September 2020 used as public cloud all around world for large data systems. AWS and AZURE cloud server provide public,
Accepted 6 October 2020 private, hybrid and social services to various businesses and other large organizations. Both AWS and
Available online xxxx
AZURE can be upgraded to prevent data imposition with various safekeeping features where many users
share the same cloud of data for storage and retrieval purpose. Analytical comparisons among various
Keywords: features such as platform autonomy, mass employment, customer needs, security, portability, data size,
Cloud computing
and other related resources are discussed. This paper provides a cognitive analysis of AWS and AZURE
AWS
Azure
highlighting various options offering for deploying web applications by both providers.
SaaS Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PaaS Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Emerging Trends in
IaaS Materials Science, Technology and Engineering.

1. Introduction Aim: The main objective of this paper is to present a cognitive

Cloud computing is an emerging technology that revolutionize
the working culture of industries as well as other organizations.
Its applications and platforms are growing very rapidly across all
industries, serving as an IT infrastructure to runs new digital busi-
nesses. These platforms and applications have changed the way
businesses operate, and have simplified processes at large extent.
Cloud computing is an integrated part of technical life and used
in various areas of public life. It basically refers to technology
developed to facilitate business process and boost the service qual-
ity of service providers and to enhance people’s informatization
[1]. In fact, cloud computing provides ample convenient features
that about 77 percent of businesses today have some part of their
computer infrastructure on the cloud and its related technologies.
Cloud computing technology facilitates the stipulation of supple
access to available system computing resources [2]. Cloud provides
various services like Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Ser-
vice (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). SaaS provides cloud
based software on demand; PaaS is suitable for developers to uti-
lize servers, disks, development tools and admin tools as per their
requirement [3].
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: tamvaibhav238@gmail.com (V. Sharma).
analysis of deploying web applications on Microsoft Windows
Azure (AZURE) and Amazon Web Services (AWS) in global scenario.
The cognitive study indicates that overall business growth rate of
AWS is high as compared to Azure but Azure is an integrated seg-
ment of Microsoft and acquired faith of customers so it is in a posi-
tion to offers strong competition to AWS.
Organization: This paper is structured into different sections-
Section-2 discusses literature review, section-3 covers cloud com-
puting services, section-4 describes AWS and Azure life cycle,
Section-5 covers cognitive analysis of AWS & Microsoft Azure,
section-6 elaborates financial comparison of AWS with azure,
section-7 discusses limitations of AWS and azure and section-8
provides conclusion.
2. Literature review
Many research papers related to this domain has been studied
and provides a lot of useful information. The information includes
various cloud computing services, features and current issues
related to AWS and Azure. There are many possibilities through
which probable solutions to the existing problems could be found
out.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.126
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Emerging Trends in Materials Science, Technology and Engineering.

Please cite this article as: V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma, Cognitive analysis of deploying web applications on microsoft windows azure and amazon
web services in global scenario, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.126
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma
Literature review helps a lot to improve and defeat issues of
existing methodology in future. Here are some Papers that we have
referred for making literature survey.
In [4], authors suggested that Amazon Glacier is capable to meet
the changeable storage requirement in very efficient way and Ama-
zon EBS provides bulk storage that can be used on virtual
machines.
In [5] presented an inclusive detailed specific study on CaaS and
FaaS platforms highlighting the delay characteristics and suggested
a drone control application to dais and examine the performance of
AWS system.
In [6] they studied that powerful management for disaster
recovery, flexible payment methods, ‘pay as you go’ flexibility,
increase scalability and productivity, secure platform and backend
services are some of the prominent features of AWS.
In [7] they suggested that AWS is more trustworthy in global
scenario as it provides security, backup and recovery, disaster
recovery more prominently and giving outstanding performance
in cloud computing area.
In [8] proposed that Microsoft Azure having huge data centres
for public cloud infrastructure offers cloud based platform for sci-
entific as well as business community to select proper blend of
need and availability to perform multipart data analysis and it also
described the benefits offered by Azure cloud platform.
In [9] studied that Azure tables are scalable, durable and avail-
able structured storage. Azure Blobs gives a simple interface to
store named files as well as metadata. Microsoft Azure provides
an easy interface to create interactive, scalable and flexible applica-
tions as per requirement.
In [10] they concluded that availability of Azure platform with
its infrastructure and services facilitates the developers to move
their on-premise application towards cloud side. Azure is gaining
popularity and faith of users and has a bright future to go a long
way.
3. Cloud computing services
Cloud computing is an emerging concept now a day’s gaining its
popularity in business, organization and institution and many
others areas It offers a variety of services that are easy to use,
maintain and improve. They are classified into three basic types:
3.1. Software as a service (SaaS)
It is a software distribution model where applications are used
by customers as per demand and hosted by service provider. It is a
common delivery model for technologies that support web ser-
vices, SOA (service oriented architecture) and new development
approaches. SaaS provides many benefits like easy supervision,
compatibility, easy association, international accessibility etc. [20].
3.2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
It is a cloud computing model where cloud service provider
delivers tools (like hardware and software) required by users for
application development. Hardware and software are managed
by the provider at its own side on infrastructure. This feature frees
the user from installation and managing hardware as well as soft-
ware and can develop and run new applications as per need. Some
of the prominent features of PaaS include security, redundancy,
and integration with infrastructure sections, multi-tenancy and
scalability that facilitates users in every possible way.
2
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3.3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
This form of cloud computing provides virtualized computing
resources over cloud. All hardware, software servers, data reposi-
tory and other infrastructure parts are hosted by third party provi-
ders. Apart from hosting infrastructure, user’s applications,
maintenance and backups are also managed by third party provi-
ders. Highly scalable resources are provided as ‘on-demand’ usage
that can be adjusted as workload increase or decrease [20]. IaaS has
some features like automation of administration tasks, virtualiza-
tion of desktop, policy-based-services and dynamic scaling.
4. Microsoft windows azure & AWS life cycle
Microsoft Azure architecture facilitates various opportunities to
utilize its cloud based services in strategic way. It provides admin-
istrator, user, and customer support options and utilizes various
services running on virtual machines or containers. Azure utilized
disaster recovery and backup and its resources can host infrastruc-
ture components (DNS) Servers and Internet Information Services
(IIS) as shown in Fig. 1.
4.1. AZURE development Life Cycle
Azure development lifecycle mainly follows two stages process
such as Application development and Deployment & Release as
shown in Fig. 2. In application development stage, Azure applica-
tion code is developed locally on workstation of developer.
Deployment & Release: This stage of Azure development lifecy-
cle is dedicated on the Azure development doorway. A user
chooses to upload an application either in staging or production
environments, along with the option for users to unchangeably
exchange the deployed code between the two environments.
4.2. AWS development Life Cycle
Amazon Cloud Development Life cycle is expressed as configu-
rationally set of rules that explain S3 actions to objects group;
objects are stored cost-effectively throughout their lifecycle. Two
main development sets are Transition Phase and Expiration Phase
and both are maintained by Life Cycle Polices as shown in Fig. 3.
5. Cognitive analysis of AWS & microsoft azure
This section focuses on customers’ point of view and the main
functional requirements for them to utilise cloud services. We pro-
pose a cognitive model with a few parameters to compare between
two cloud platforms leaders: Amazon Web Service (AWS) and
Microsoft Azure. Here, various comparison parameters are consid-
ered, such as storage service, computation service, domain service,
payment policy and contact service.
Two platforms rule the cloud computing industry are Amazon
Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure. Both are two largest
companies in the world of cloud computing. Amazon Web Service
(AWS) is a broad and budding cloud computing platform provided
by Amazon that offers cloud based flexible computer platform ser-
vices like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service
(PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS) and many more shown in
Fig. 4. Apart from services and products it also provides tools such
as database storage, content delivery services and computer power
to scale up business organization, non profit organizations as well
as educational institutions. As far as the technology is concerned
the user preference for computing are changing very rapidly
because of latest progress and augmentation in mobile computing
technologies [11].
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Fig. 1. Microsoft Windows Azure Architecture.

Fig. 2. Azure Development Life Cycle.

Window Azure platform is Microsoft Windows Platform that
runs on related networks and servers. Its platform consists of Azure
a venture of Microsoft is also providing the set of cloud based ser-
vices to help organizations to meet with today’s market challenges
and grab new opportunities. Like AWS it also offers SaaS, PaaS and
IaaS. Programming languages, tools and framework are also pro-
vided by the Azure that could include third party system also. It
gives programmers and designers freedom to make, manage and
organize various applications on a giant global network using their
own preferred tools and frameworks.
AWS is the biggest cloud computing platform offering various
services and infrastructure; Microsoft Azure is the fastest and sec-
ond most prominent platform as well. Amazon Web Services
(AWS) offers more than 182 fully integrated data centres. Millions
of clients including fast growing start-up, large corporations, and
leading government agencies are using AWS to cut costs, speed
up, and innovate very quickly in the technological scenario. Just
like AWS, Microsoft Azure also offers a collection of ever-
increasing cloud services to help organizations to increase their
revenues and benefits for variety of businesses. Microsoft is having
a global network of data centres to create a cloud platform which
can be used to build, deploy and manage services as well as appli-
cations worldwide.
Azure primarily used two models for deployment:

3
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma
Fig. 3. AWS Development Life Cycle [21].
Fig. 4. Cloud Computing Services Models.
5.1. Classic Deployment model
In this model each and every resource such as virtual machines,
SQL database etc. used by azure is individually managed by Micro-
soft itself.
5.2. Azure resource manager
Here closely coupled resources are grouped together for related
utilities and users have capability to create such different groups.
Azure allows users to add cloud capabilities to the existing net-
work by using its PaaS, IaaS and SaaS. A powerful feature of Micro-
soft is that it has a very wide range of products and services that
easily meet with user’s need and provide secure, reliable access
to the cloud hosting information.
AWS and Azure both are two very popular organizations offer-
ing cloud based services to business organizations, institutions and
other ventures. Certain features are discussed here.
4
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
i. Computation Services
In cloud computing computation services are one of the main
components. Voluminous information produced every day that
requires faster processing methods for quicker results. Computa-
tion services ensure that user could be able to produce states in
minutes and increase it at quicker rate. AWS and Azure both have
such services that meet user’s requirements. AWS offers Amazon
Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2) that is used to provide secure and
resizable computer facility. It is flexible enough and offers on-
demand instances, reserved instances and spot instances. Apart
from EC2, AWS also offers Elastic Beanstalk, AWS Lambda, ECS
etc. In case of Microsoft Azure, it has online services like Azure Vir-
tual Machine, App Service, Azure Functions and Container service.
As far as cost is considered and compared with AWS it increases in
case of Azure when the size gets increased e.g. with 256 GB RAM
and 64vPCU, AWS charges with $3.20 per hour and Azure charges
about $6.76 per hour.
ii. Storage Services
Both AWS and Azure offer long-lasting and reliable end-to-end
services. AWS has services such as AWS S3, EBS, and Glacier [14]
and Azure Storage Services has Blob Storage, Disk Storage, and
Standard Archive. The AWS S3 ensures high availability and auto-
matic duplication in all regions. When it comes to temporary stor-
age in AWS, it starts working each time the as soon as the user
starts its work and stops automatically when task of user ends.
When disconnected, it provides block chain storage similar to hard
disks and can be attached to any EC2 model or stored separately
[15]. With Azure, it uses cache and VM volume page blogs [16].
Azure has the Block Storage option as an S3 partner in AWS.
iii. Communication Services
Amazon and Azure have solutions to expand the cheap data
centre in cloud and fire fighting options and offer communication
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma
services that enable users to perform variety of tasks. Amazon Vir-
tual Private Cloud (VPC) enables the construction of isolated net-
works under the cloud umbrella. This enables users to create
subnet, router tables, private IP address ranges, and network gate-
ways. Microsoft Azure Virtual Network as a VPC partner, allows
user to perform all VPC tasks.
iv. Domain Services
The voluminous data generated are in a variety of forms and can
be categorized as structured, semi-structured and unstructured
data [12]. Data generated from various platforms and devices
should also be managed on cloud infrastructure as it is not possible
for to handle such voluminous data and perform fast processing at
user end only [13]. AWS and Azure both offer separate data ser-
vices to manage structured and unstructured data.
AWS has Amazon RDS and Azure has Azure SQL Server Data-
base. Amazon RDS supports various search engines such as Mar-
iaDB, Amazon Aurora, MySQL, Microsoft SQL, PostgreSQL, and
Oracle while Azure on the other hand has SQL Server Database
and HD Insights. Azure also offers Cortana Intelligence Suite that
comes with Hadoop, Spark, Storm, and HBase. AWS has EMR that
provides the most mature Big Data site in particular and is smooth
as well as user friendly.
v. Container Support and Orchestration
AWS offers large data offerings, mature statistics and has a vari-
ety of resources in its arsenal that includes domains such as IoT,
mobile app development or customization of computer space
and provides Docker support. Microsoft also offers similar support
and can continue, as it provides Hadoop support for services such
as Azure HD Insight.
vi. Market Share and Usage
AWS and Azure are introducing pioneering products, novel
combinations, and new pricing structures to attract more and more
users. The approval of cloud computing has quickly become a
major dynamic force for businesses today, as applications are
removed from high-end data centres for the purpose of designing,
reducing costs and increasing capacity. Infrastructure-as-a-service
(IaaS) is a model where all key infrastructures such as hardware,
software, data repository and servers are provided to end users
by third party providers. This includes placing application handling
in the most risky environment, where users are charged for the
facilities they use. Data security and autonomy are two major areas
which are seriously concerned by Amazon Web Services (AWS) as
well as Microsoft Azure.
Various studied shows that highly standardized businesses con-
tinue to stride carefully when it comes to cloud services. As per the
report of Gartner full-fledged IaaS market is improved which is
projected to be worth $ 64.3 billion by 2021, from $ 50.4 billion
by 2020. AWS is grabbed the market from day one, when it entered
the industry in 2006.
Currently, AWS is the clear global leader in public shares in IaaS
and PaaS at 33 percent, second position is occupied by Microsoft at
16 percent as per the report released by Synergy Research Group
for Q3 2019. Microsoft is building the world’s largest cloud net-
work to facilitate user in the form of products and services. Micro-
soft Azure has increased its market share continuously and ready
to capture the potential users. AWS and Azure are two preferable
choices for cloud based services and adoption of companies from
user side largely depends upon the need for organization shown
in Fig. 5.
5
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
vii. Payment Policy
Both Azure and AWS models offer pay as per their market poli-
cies. AWS charges user every hour and Azure charges every min-
ute. Azure offers users a lot of flexibility for temporary
subscription plans, but for certain services, Azure tends to be more
expensive than AWS.
viii. Compliance
Amazon has a good relationship with government agencies that
ensure better government cloud delivery. It also provide great
security measures that ensure proper access to individual users
when it comes to cloud access, which is important when compa-
nies are dealing with sensitive data. Microsoft offers more than
50 compliance offerings.
6. Financial comparison of AWS with azure
Amazon reported AWS revenue of $ 10.8 billion for Q2 2020,
compared to $ 8.3 billion for Q2 2019. AWS revenue grew by 29%
in the quarter [17]. Of all businesses, Amazon’s quarterly sales rose
to $ 88.9 billion, hitting $ 81.5 billion. $ 5.2 billion in revenue was
the highest one quarter currently in the giant, driven by online
purchases during COVID-19 - although the company is aware it
sees $ 4 billion in COVID-19-related costs.
The Table 1 indicates the profit swot up of both the organiza-
tions and graph clearly indicates that overall profit of AWS is
increasing rapidly in comparison to Azure.
The growth rate clearly indicates that AWS continues to grow,
and strengthens big sales over time as shown in Fig. 6. Amazon
denoted AWS revenue but Microsoft only reports on Azure growth
rate and specified that its revenue growth over preceding quarter is
47%. In 2019, growth was reported at 64% but here Azure alone is
not reported but also other products were also considered. Azure is
a subsidiary of the ‘‘Intelligent Cloud” business, which has grown
by 17% to $ 13.4 billion. The working group not only includes ser-
ver products and cloud services (19% growth) but also Business
Services (flat) as well. The lack of specificity surrounding Azure
clearly raised a question on total revenue generated by Azure only.
Microsoft’s release noted that cloud usage and demand have
increased as customers continue to work and study at home.
Licensed purchases continue to decline, especially for small and
medium-sized businesses.
Amazon releases revenue from AWS separately but as com-
pared to AWS, Microsoft has a very less cloud and it includes Azure,
Office 365, Dynamics 365, and other components of the Manufac-
turing and Business Unit instead of Azure alone. This fact confuses
to the analysts because it cannot be compared directly with AWS,
and it puts a question how Azure really works. Microsoft reported
that the cloud business grew by 41% in the first three months of
2019, to $ 9.6 billion. Microsoft report on Azure growth rate:
73%. However, Microsoft has not yet cleared that what is the actual
growth rate of Azure [18]. At this time last year, it was reported
that the Azure growth rate was 93% but there is no clear number
so difficult to justify about actual growth rate. Clearly, analysts
say that Azure is growing faster than AWS.
From above shown in Fig. 7 graph we cannot conclude that AWS
would be the market leader in near future Microsoft Azure is con-
tinuously expanding its services and products to become a market
leader in near future as indicated in Table 2 and Table 3.
AZURE empowers developers and users to create, maintain and
deploy applications and provides a fully scalable computing plat-
form that provides open access to multiple languages, frameworks,
and tools. It provides comprehensive support for Microsoft’s legacy
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Market share of Comapnies for IaaS and PaaS

33% AWS
Microsoft
51% others
16%

Fig. 5. Market share of companies for IaaS and PaaS.

Table 1 7. Limitations of AWS and Azure

Profit Swot up of AWS and Azure.

YEAR AZURE AWS A major strength of services provided by AWS is its scalability
2013 2918 3108 and capacity to amplify resources as and when needed, but in most
2014 3211 4644 cases some features and resources are never used or used in very
2015 7112 7880 limited manner but would pay for it. Abundant resources, features
2016 11,213 12,219 and services are offered by AWS as per the requirements of users.
2017 14,552 17,459
2018 23,000 25,655
To be able to take advantages of each and every services and fea-
2019 26,025 35,026 tures, users should deeply understand them to utilize them up to
full extent; it requires investing on training of team of users. Tech-
nical support fee puts additional financial burden on organization.
applications and greater awareness of business needs. It is easy to As far as the infrastructure is concerned, AWS is very complex hav-
click in one case and modify pre-going licenses to the cloud. It sup- ing its by laws and rules. Except that downtime of system, security,
ports mixed Linux / Windows and Offers integrated built-in tool backup protection, privacy is some other very important concerns
such as Azure stack to help the organization deliver Azure service that should be considered seriously to remain in front line of com-
to its data centre. petitive global environment. Amazon Web Services is not very
AWS compute cloud allows user to increase or decrease storage cloud-friendly and the elastic load balancer does not have to han-
according to the needs of the business organization and allows user dle as many applications as it gets. It lacks customer support and is
to select a working program, programming language, database of best suited only for professional consumer group and those compa-
its choice. It supports a comprehensive service delivery and sup- nies with their own technology support team. Sometimes the num-
ports the environment of robust partners. AWS is trusted by high ber of options offered by AWS confuses those who may not have
quality customers with high transfer stability. It supports small the ground knowledge of technical language. A major drawback
data lost during server transfer and storage and provides multiple of AWS is that it is less open and has so many products that make
data centres for availability and low latency with better Dev-Ops the selection process so difficult [19].
support. It uses a simple licensing method with strong Cloud Busi- As far as Azure is concerned its cloud services are full of anoma-
ness intelligence support and analytics. lies and require extra fees to solve such problems. It is a big hurdle

Fig. 6. Profit analysis of AWS and Azure.

6
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Fig. 7. Average annual growth rate of AWS & Azure for last three years.

Table 2
Market share in USD for last three years.

Vendor Q4 2019 Q4 2018 Q4 2017 Average annual growth

(US$ billion) (US$ billion) (US$ billion)
AWS 9.95 7.3 5 7.416667
Azure 11.9 4.5 2.1 6.16667

Table 3
Market share in percentage for last three years.

Vendor Q4 2019 Q4 2018 Q4 2017 Average annual growth

(US$ billion) (US$ billion) (US$ billion)
AWS 42% 35.90% 31.30% 36%
Azure 32% 18% 15% 22%

in growth of Azure and need very serious attention to grab poten-
tial market. Data is hosted internationally and if user wants to
store data in its own country territory, it must be mentioned sep-
arately by the user itself. Customer services are also not crystal
clear. It is less flexible for non-window server platforms. AZURE
customer service is not recognized and if user has data restrictions
where they must be stored in a particular country, then user need
to verify or specify Microsoft.
8. Conclusion
From this cognitive study it is clear that AWS is on leading posi-
tion in the public cloud market as it occupies more than 33% total
market share. But Microsoft Azure continues to gain its popularity
by providing feasible solutions for corporate as well as other sec-
tors. An important note is that in coming time it would not easy
for AWS to keep its on top leading position as market grab of Azure
is attracting lots of new customers towards itself. It also provides
effortless and perfect business solutions. Both AWS and Azure
would be the prime leaders in cloud market and the final choice
would be dependent on the user’s side that fulfil its requirement
is best possible way. This paper gives result oriented dimensions
to the various organizations and customers to take decision
whether to go with AWS or Azure. A depth study of both organiza-
tions would support and facilitates the decision making process for
organizations to choose most appropriate one to grab the business
market opportunities.
9. Future scope
With comparative analysis of AWS and Azure, we intend to
explore the market positions of both competitors and helps the
potential customers to choose the most appropriate one as per
its own requirements for cloud based web services. This cognitive
study would give a clear picture of market leaders and also indi-
cates that if customer’s needs are not satisfied, they can replace
it with more available suitable option.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding
agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Vaibhav Sharma: Conceptualization. Vandana Nigam: . : .
Arvind K. Sharma: .

7
V. Sharma, V. Nigam and A.K. Sharma
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.
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