Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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PHYSICS 0625/04
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) For Examination from 2016
SPECIMEN PAPER
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is accredited for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.

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1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a straight road.

The graph shows how the speed of the car changes as the car passes through a small town.

35

D
30
speed
m/s
A
25

enters leaves
20 town town
here here

15

B C

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the end of the town.

distance = [3]

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(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.

acceleration = [3]

(c) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car has the same numerical value as
its acceleration.

The gradient of the slope of decelaration is the same as the slope of acceleration

[1]

[Total: 7]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a conveyor belt transporting a package to a raised platform. The belt is driven by a
motor.

conveyor belt
package

motor

Fig. 2.1

(a) The mass of the package is 36 kg.

Calculate the increase in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the package when it is
raised through a vertical height of 2.4 m.

increase in g.p.e. = [2]

(b) The package is raised through the vertical height of 2.4 m in 4.4 s.

Calculate the power needed to raise the package.

power = [2]

(c) The electrical power supplied to the motor is much greater than the answer to (b).

Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this system.

energy is neither created nor destroyed
More power is required as some is wasted through dissipation as energy cannot disappear but

only be transformed, in this case through thermal and sound energy

total energy is constant in the surroundings [2]

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(d) Assume that the power available to raise packages is constant. A package of mass greater
than 36 kg is raised through the same height.

Suggest and explain the effect of this increase in mass on the operation of the conveyer belt.

The speed of the conveyer belt will slow done and the workdone will increase. The force on the

conveyer has increased needing more energy to transport it the same distance and more power

is required.

[3]

more time to transport. power is constant because both time and energy have increased. [Total: 9]
P= E/t

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3 The engine of an unpowered toy train is rolling at a constant speed on a level track, as shown in
Fig. 3.1. The engine collides with a stationary toy truck, and joins with it.

moving engine

stationary truck

track

Fig. 3.1

Before the collision, the toy engine is travelling at 0.32 m / s. The mass of the engine is 0.50 kg.

(a) Calculate the momentum of the toy engine before the collision.

momentum = [2]

(b) The mass of the truck is 0.30 kg.

Using the principle of conservation of momentum, calculate the speed of the joined engine
and truck immediately after the collision.

speed = [3]

[Total: 5]

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BLANK PAGE

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4 A solar panel is mounted on the roof of a house. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through part of the
solar panel.

sunlight

trapped
air copper pipe,
painted black
water
glass sheet

insulating metal backing sheet,

material painted black

Fig. 4.1

A pump makes water flow through the copper pipes. The water is heated by passing through the
solar panel.

(a) Select and explain three features of the solar panel that maximise the final temperature of
the water.
reduces
The trapped air acts as an insulator prevent heat loss and conducts the heat energy from the glass sheet

The glass sheet reflect the sunlight and helps conduct heat and maximise the temperature

The black paint on the pipe and the backing sheet absorbs radiation allowing for higher temperature
is a "good" absorber
reduces
Insulating material to prevent heat loss

The glass produces greenhouse effect trapping radiation from escape

Trapped air prevents convection and warm air being blown away + glass

[4]

Points are lost for explanation and more than three!!

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(b) During one day, 250 kg of water is pumped through the solar panel. The temperature of this
water rises from 16 °C to 38 °C.

The water absorbs 25 % of the energy incident on the solar panel. The specific heat capacity
of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the energy incident on the solar panel during that day.

not percentage!!!!!

energy = [4]

(c) The solar panel in Fig. 4.1 is designed to heat water.

A person is deciding whether to install solar panels on her house.

List and explain three pieces of information she needs to consider in order to make her
decision.
The climate that she lives in, whether she receives enough sunlight to heat her water.

How much the solar panels cost to buy and install, if they are too expensive to buy

What is the efficiency of the solar panels, how much energy is absorbed by the water

- Whether her roof is facing the right direction so as too receive enough sunlight to heat the water

- Whether the roof is shaded because she might not be able to heat her water as sunlight is not reaching the
panels

- how much time is taken to recoup the cost of the panels [4]

- will her household use all the water because if not the energy is wasted and the solar panels are not useful
(d) The Sun releases energy as a result of nuclear fusion.

State the meaning of nuclear fusion.

Two atoms from collision with neutrons fuse together, releasing energy
Two atoms fuse together accepting hydrogen for nuclei to produce a different element and energy
[2]
[Total: 14]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.

piston pressure gauge

gas cylinder

100 cm

Fig. 5.1

At first, the length of cylinder containing the gas is 100 cm. The pressure of the gas, shown by the
pressure gauge, is 300 kPa. The area of cross-section of the cylinder is 0.12 m2.

(a) (i) Describe the motion of the molecules of the gas.

Random movement at high speeds colliding with the walls of the container and with each other

[1]

(ii) Use the idea of momentum to explain how the molecules exert a force on the walls of the
cylinder.

The velocity and the mass of the molecules means they have a force and when they collide

with the walls of the container, the momentum is transferred on the walls because momentum is
rebounding causes change in momentum
conserved creating pressure on the container

[2]
force is rate of change of momentum / force needed to change momentum

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(b) The piston is moved so that the new length of cylinder occupied by the gas is 40 cm. The
temperature of the gas is unchanged.

(i) Calculate the new pressure of the gas. cm -> m

is 100 not 1000

pressure = [2]

(ii) Explain, in terms of the behaviour of the molecules, why the pressure has changed.

The molecules are now closer together, increasing the chance and amount of collisions with each

other then increasing the collisions against the walls of the container
more pressure = greater force per unit of area
[2]

a shorter distance to move between collisions and therefore they will experience a greater number of [Total: 7]
collisions per unit time and

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows a scale drawing of plane wavefronts approaching a gap in a barrier.

direction of wave travel

barrier

Fig. 6.1

(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw the pattern of the wavefronts after the wave has passed through the gap.
[2]

(b) The wave approaching the barrier has a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 20 cm / s.

Calculate the frequency of the wave.

frequency = [2]

(c) State what happens, if anything, to the frequency of the wave as it passes through the gap.

Frequency does not change [1]

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(d) Explain, in terms of diffraction, why a car radio may pick up low frequency radio signals but
not pick up high frequency radio signals when the car is travelling behind a hill.

The low freqency waves diffract easier and at a greater rate than high frequency waves

because they have a shorter wavelength and the shorter the wavelength, the less apparent

the diffraction
[2]

[Total: 7]

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7 The circuit of Fig. 7.1 includes an immersion heater and a 6.0 V battery.

6.0 V

X
A

heater

Fig. 7.1

(a) State the name and purpose of component X.

name i changed my answer, it was variable resistor

purpose Varies the current by increasing resistance across the heater

[1]

(b) The heater is designed to work from a 3.6 V supply. It has a power rating of 4.5 W at this
voltage.

By considering the current in the heater, calculate the resistance of component X when there
is the correct potential difference across the heater.

potential difference, the power taken by the heater

resistance = [5]

(c) Some time after the heater is switched on, the ammeter reading is seen to have decreased.

Suggest why this happens.

As the heat increases the resistor increases the resistance reduce the current in the circuit

[2]

[Total: 8]

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8 Fig. 8.1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic circuit controlling a lamp.

temperature
sensor

relay lamp

B
A
light
sensor

Fig. 8.1

The output of the temperature sensor is high (logic 1) when it detects raised temperatures. The
output of the light sensor is high (logic 1) when it detects raised light levels.

The lamp is lit when the input to the relay is high (logic 1).

(a) Complete the truth table by giving the outputs of A and B.

output of output of
output of A output of B
light sensor temperature sensor

0 0 1 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 1 0 0
[2]

(b) State the conditions under which the lamp is lit. when it is dark and hot

when the output of the light sensor is 0 and the output of the temperature sensor is 1 [1]
when A and B output is 1

(c) Suggest why B is connected to a relay, rather than directly to the lamp.

B doesn't provide enough power/ current, also allows a remote lamp

[2]

[Total: 5]

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9 A plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth and becomes positively charged. After charging, the rod is
held close to the suspended table-tennis ball shown in Fig. 9.1. The table-tennis ball is covered
with metal paint and is uncharged.

nylon thread

light
table-tennis ball
covered with metal
paint

positively
charged rod

Fig. 9.1

(a) Describe what happens to the charges in the metal paint on the ball as the positively charged
rod is brought close to the ball.
The ball will be attracted to the rod and swing towards it

The presence of a charge rod will cause all the electrons to travel to the side closest to the rod

and the protons will be on the opposite side temporarily charging the ball
[1]

(b) The ball is attracted towards the charged rod.

Explain why this happens, given that the ball is uncharged.

The presence of a charge rod will cause all the electrons to travel to the side closest to the rod

and the protons will be on the opposite side temporarily charging the ball

attraction > repulsion [2]

(c) State the unit in which electric charge is measured.

coulomb [1]

[Total: 4]

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10 Emissions from a radioactive source pass through a hole in a lead screen and into a magnetic
field, as shown in Fig. 10.1. The experiment is carried out in a vacuum.

radioactive A magnetic field

source into paper

lead
screen

3 cm

Fig. 10.1

Radiation detectors are placed at A, B and C. They give the following readings:

A B C

32 counts / min 543 counts / min 396 counts / min

The radioactive source is then completely removed, and the readings become:

A B C

33 counts / min 30 counts / min 31 counts / min

From the data given for positions A, B and C, deduce the type of emissions coming from the
radioactive source. Explain your reasoning.

Gamma rays.

It was detected at B

Was not deflected by the magnetic field meaning that it is not charged

Charged particles/ Beta particles

deflected to C. (check which direction Beta partcles deflect to LH rule)

No alpha particles since A is just background radiation

[7]
[Total: 7]

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11 In Geiger and Marsden’s α-particle scattering experiment, α-particles were directed at a very thin
gold foil.

Fig. 11.1 shows five of the nuclei of the atoms in one layer in the gold foil. Also shown are the
paths of three α-particles directed at the foil.

Fig. 11.1

(a) On Fig.11.1, complete the paths of the three α-particles. [3]

(b) (i) State the result of the experiment that shows that an atom consists of a very tiny,
charged core, containing almost all the mass of the atom.

the one in which the particle ricoched and bounced of the gold foil

the bottom one [1]

positive
(ii) State the sign of the charge on this core. ...................................................................... [1]

(iii) State what occupies the space between these charged cores.
nothing/ vacuum/ space/ electrons
protons and neutrons [1]

4
(c) The nuclide notation for an α-particle is 2 α.
State the number of protons and neutrons in an α-particle
2
protons =
2
neutrons = [1]

[Total: 7]

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