Advance Warning System to Prevent Life Loss from Natural Disaster

on Highland Road
Ni Putu Ayu Ratna Dewi, Muhammad Ilham Akbar, Kevin William
Christopher, Januar Diaz Sipayung, Alifian Adam Dalimunthe
Lecturer: IPTU DIMAS CHARIS, S.I.K, M.H.
INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
hallo.dewiaulia@gmail.com

Abstract
According to Indonesia police traffic data 2021, as many as 25,226 people
died due to traffic accidents. One of the causes of traffic accidents on
highland road is environmental factors. This factor can’t be separated from
all events/processes of transfer people and goods due to factors this is
what provides space for the process. The factors that may lead to road
accidents in highland road includes:

a) The geometry of the road has curvy form, uphill and

downhill form;
b) Field conditions that have a lot of trees and/or foggy weather conditions
which will reduce or interfere the driver's view;
c) Mixed traffic between vehicles fast and slow pace vehicles.

related to it, we are focusing on the Indonesian National Disaster

Management Agency (BNPB) data, there were 2,766 landslide cases that
occurred in Java from 2014 to 2019 caused 622 deaths. The frequency of
landslides and the fact that a large number of people live in the landslide
prone-areas lead to a high death percentage (Akhmad Zamroni, 2020).

This paper aims to discover the function of Arduino system for aiding the
society as an early warning of Landslide Detector, trouble in highland
road, and traffic accidents in cross-regional road for each province.
Moreover, we have combined the nature response of Sengon tree with
Arduino system technology as an innovation of early warning detector
focusing on highland road.

The previous research revealed that vibration, tilt and shift at the road can
detect the land movements (Silhan, 2015). Changes of degree is used as
the indicator changes of tilt. We set the maximum value at 10 degree. So,
if the trees making changes of degree more than the maximum value,
Arduino system will turn the alarm on and it’s sound will be sent to users
by radio. It will be the sign that landslide is happening and related
institutions can take further steps in responding the event.

Keywords: landslide; Sengon (Paraserientes falcataria); arduino; point of

bending

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Introduction

The vulnerability of the cross-provincial route has various

vulnerabilities ranging from flash floods and landslides. The damage is
caused by high rainfall which causes unstable cliffs or slopes, the service
life of the road has been exceeded, the topography is steep and the
location is difficult to reach. (Kementrian PUPR,2020)
Landslide is one type of mass movement of soil, rock, or a mixture
of both, down or out of the slope as a result of the disruption of the stability
of the soil or rocks that make up the slopes (Dr. Ir. M. Taufik, 2016), so
that the mass of soil or rocks that create the slopes or a mixture, hence
making downward movement of the slopes. Landslide in the area is
triggered by the unconformity contact of fresh and weathered rock of
breccia with the underlying mudstone (Widagdo, 2014).Landslides rarely
occur due to a single cause.
There are several factors that cause landslides which include:
geological conditions, hydrology, topography, climate, and weather
changes can affect the stability of the slopes resulting in landslides (Meita
Eka Fitrianingrum, 2018). It is recorded that landslides often occur in
Indonesia with an average of 92 cases per year. Under wet soil moisture
condition, the rainfall around 80 mm/day is likely to produce the hydrologic
condition leading to landslide initiation (tohari, 2008).

RISK INDEX PER THREAT RISK INDEX FOR LANDSLIDE DISASTER IN 2022

The high level of losses experienced by the community caused by

the occurrence of landslides due to the lack of information obtained by the
society about the possibility of disasters that happened around them, so
that public awareness of disaster response is low. Therefore, initial
information about the potential and risk of disasters is one of the
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information media that can be used as basic disaster response education
for the community (Heru Sri Naryanto, 2019).

Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielse, also known as Sengon, is a

multifunctional plant that grows in Indonesia (Haruni Krisnawati, 2011).
Sengon tree is a tree-habitual plant that easily adapts to various
environmental conditions. The roots can do symbiosis with rhizobium
bacteria and form root nodules. Sengon is an intolerant plant so it is
suitable for accelerating the succession of land cover (Sukarman, 2012).

The proportion of Sengon Tree’s tertiary roots is 50%, higher than

the secondary (43%) and primary (7%) roots. However, in terms of
diameter, tertiary roots have the smallest size, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
This diameter belongs to the fine root group. Besides being small in
diameter, tertiary roots also short in size and very sensitive to
disturbances, especially shifted in the soil (Omo Rusdiana, 2000).

To detect the potential for landslide disasters, disaster risk

management actions are carried out. The solution to manage the risk of a
disaster is to create an innovation that provides early warning to local
residents as a medium to minimize losses from residents. This innovation
utilizes a system of Arduino to create a graph of ground movement that
has the potential to cause landslides.

Objectives

The purpose of making this innovation is to help residents to detect

the potential for landslides as an early warning by utilizing a prevention
system Arduino, a tool to see movements on the ground that are not
visible, especially the possibility for landslide to happen.
The Prevention system Arduino tool has considerable benefits for:
a.) The Government:
1. Helping to make preventive efforts in terms of landslide.
2. Pressing the number of material losses in context of national
development.

b.) The Society:

1. Increase public awareness of landslide disaster.
2. Minimize the losses from residents.
3. Facilitate people that live on the highland.
4. Fast Respond.
5. Easy to use.
6. Affordable Price.
7. As an innovation for early warning landslide detector.

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Methods

The research method used by the researchers are experimental

science. This research uses Sengon (Paraserientes falcataria) as the main
material. Previous study revealed that tree tilting can be used to indicate
slope movement mechanism, Silhan (2015). When landslide occurs, the
roots will respond it and create a tilt between the land surface and the tree.

Research Tools and Materials:

1. Arduino Uno
2. MPU6050 Gyro & Accelometer
3. Transmitter Radio
4. Rpadio FM
5. Accumulator
6. Jumpper Cable
7. PCB Alarm

The experiments are divided into 8 work steps:

1) Prepare the tools
2) Observation
3) Choose ideal tree
4) Attach Arduino system on the tree
5) If the land is moving, vibration or shif the Sengon tree will tilt
6) Arduino system will record the angle changes on the tree
7) If the angle of the tree moves abnormally, the alarm will turn on
8) The alarm sound will be sent by the transmitter radio to the
villager’s radio

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Results

The result revealed Sengon has an ideal sensitivity than other trees
for detecting landslides,however there are several trees that has a similar
characteristics. In the research area, we received 10 samples. The
average stem circumstance was 26,4 cm. It’s soft and stiff.

Specimen K=2πr
1 27 cm
2 24,5 cm
3 26 cm
4 30 cm
5 26 cm
6 32 cm
7 26 cm
8 27 cm
9 25,5 cm
10 26,5 cm
Average 26,45 cm
Minimum 24,5 cm
Maximum 32 cm
Std 3,17
Deviation
Table 1.1 Bending Point

To apply Arduino system on the stem, we have the point of

bending data. The ideal position of Arduino system installation is around 0-
41,2 cm from land surface.
Point of Bending R=πd
Sampels Full Lower Middle
Upper (cm)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Average 123,7 41,2 41,2 41,2 26,4
Minimum 113,0 37,6 37,6 37,6 20,0
Maximu 32,0
135,0 45,0 45,0 45,0
m
Std 3,2
Deviatio 7,0 2,3 2,3 2,3
n

Table 1.1 Bending Point

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 To know when landslide happen, we can see this picture :

Picture 1.1 The simulation data

The value of Cos θ = 1 indicates the safe position (safe) and cos θ
< 0,98 indicates alert position (aware). The alarm signal will be sent by
Arduino system in the alert position. Arduino system signal is the latest
innovation to reduce the risk of landslides. For this reason, arduino system
is an effort to prevent landslides.

We combine nature response of Sengon (Paraserientes falcataria)

with technology of Arduino System. It needs other components to support
it. To compare the sensitivity of the tree roots to land movements between
Sengon, Bamboo, Rambutan Tree, Banana Tree and Teak Tree.

Picture 1.2 The Sensitivity of sengon compared to another trees

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 By this picture, we can conclude that Sengon tree has ideal
sensitivity than other trees. the ideal posisition of Arduino system
installation is provided in the table: This data is used to place the Arduino
system on Sengon stem. The lower part of Sengon is more sensitive than
the others. The ideal position of Arduino system instalation is around 0 -
41,2 cm from land surface. When landslide happened, the alert will be
ringing if deviation reach its range. The value of Cos θ = 1 indicates the
safe position (safe) and cos θ < 0,98 indicates alert position (aware). The
alarm signal will be sent by Arduino system in the alert position.

Conclusions

Sengon (Paraserientes falcataria) is a bioindicator of land

movements, because it has the most ideal sensitivity than other trees.
Sengon can be used as an indicator because in our research area,
Sengon is easily to be found. We success developing the Arduino system,
which combine natural response of Sengon (Paraserientes falcataria) with
technology of Arduino system. The Arduino system are convenient, cheap,
and reliable. Therefore, it is suitable as an early warning system for
landslide mitigation.

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Bibliographys

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