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Butere 2015 GEOG PP1 Ans
Butere 2015 GEOG PP1 Ans
GEOGRAPHY 312/1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) 450E X
2 pm 8pm 6 hrs√
15 = 1h
= 6h - 900√
90 + 45 = 1350E
b) - Gravitational force
- Centipetal force
- Centrifugal force (3 x 1)
2. a) - Ritcher scale
- Mercalli scale
- Rossi scale (2 x 1)
b) (i) Passage of large trucks and trains over areas with weak rocks.
(ii) Using explosives during mining.
(iii) Establishment of large reservoirs cause slips on weak rocks.
(iv) Use of nuclear bomb (Any 2)
3. a) - Mantle
- Crust (2 x 1)
b) - Has radius of about 3500 km
- Made up of two layers – outer and inner.
- Outer core is about 2300 km thick
- Temp. is aprox. 37000c
- Main minerals are iron and nickel.
- Average density is about 17.5g/cc (Any 3 x 1)
4. a) - Rift valley
- Block mountain/horst block
- Tilt block
- Fault step
- Escarpment/fault scarp (Any 2 x 1)
- Formation of waterfall
b) - It may change the direction of flow.
- Disappearance of a River.
- May cause a Reverse drainage
- Formation of depressions which may form lakes. (Any 2 x 1)
5. a) - Weathering is the process of rock disintegration forming soil without movement (insite) while mass
wasting is the downward movement of weathered materials by gravity.
b) - Formation of scars on the land
- Triggers off soil erosion.
- A landslide can block a river causing it to change direction of flow.
- Mass of materials from landslides can block a river and form a lake on the up stream.
- Forms new landforms at the base of a landslide. (Any 2 x 1)
c) - The nature and weight of the materials.
- Vegetation cover
- The angle of slope of the land.
- Saturation of the surface (Any 3 x 1)
6. a) - Kilui District (1 x 2)
b) 10 15I
10 05I
00 10I = 0010I (1 x2)
iii) 1 cm represents 0.5 km (1 x 2)
c) (i) - Main river is River Ikoo flowing towards S.E.
- There are numerous Rivers.
- Most tributaries form a dendritic pattern.
©2015 BTR east f3 1 Geography 312/1
776, .
- Kisini Reservoir in grid 0776,
- Most rivers are permanent. (3 x 2 = 6)
(ii) 1530m – 9264 (1 x 2)
(iii) Trigonometric station – 9264
Use of contours (2 x 1)
d)
e) 2000 1y 3 1I 2024I
-1970 30y 3 30I√ + 30I
30yrs√ 20 54I = 2054I (1 x3)
7. (i) -Earth
Earth movement causing tension within rocks
- Earth movement causing compression within rocks.
- When rocks shear. (3 x 1)
(ii) Normal fault Reverse fault
- Caused by tension force. - By compression force.
- Part of fault plane is exposed - Not exposed. (4 x 1)
Cf
Formation of Reverse faults
R.F
Cf Cf
Outer block of land area thrust above the middle block along their fault plane
Cf
Cf
Protruding parts area removed by erosion or may collapse to form escarpments.
Basic lava
Ice
Pyramidal peak