A. Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) 3. Irrigation distribution facilities B.

Diversion Dam (DD)

A small scale earth dam structure with height of 5 to Consisting of facilities for the purpose of releasing A concrete or rockfill
15 meters, constructed across a narrow depression or and controlling water to the farm and distributing structure constructed
valley to collect and store rainfall and runoff during water to the service area . across a channel or river
rainy season for immediate and future use. with continuous flow to
raise the water level and
Major component of water impounding system allows diversion of water
by gravity from the
1. Watershed source to the service area
Physical components
Components consist of watershed area, concrete dam,
Intake control structure Outlet structure (ogee shape or broad crested weir), outlet works and
irrigation & canal facilities and appurtenant
structures.

Watershed is the area that contributes water for

impoundment, serves as a water collecting and Uses of DD
natural storage facility. It is hydrologically stable if
Lined canal structure Earth canal structure • Supplemental irrigation for small farm holders
2. Dam and Reservoir Area Uses of SWIP
• collect and store surface run-off water during the C. Pump Irrigation System from Open
rainy season for immediate and future use Sources (PISOS)
• conserve soil and water
• irrigate crops and/or water livestock In this type of
• use for fish production or duck raising irrigation system, a
• minimize flooding pump is used to lift
Reservoir Embankment • minimize soil erosion and siltation of fertile bottom water from river,
(modified homogeneous earthfill lands stream, marsh to the
• use as a community recreational area main canal for the
distribution to the ser-
Beneficiaries of SWIP vice area
Features:
• organized farmers’ association (FA)
• areas with no “rights of way” and other social • low investment cost
problems • high water use efficiency (75%)
• simple to operate and maintain
Spill way
• FA that is capable and willing to shoulder full cost
• sustainable development
of operations and maintenance
• empowerment of farmers
D. Shallow Tubewell (STW)
An irrigation system
consists of one or more
fully developed shallow
tubewell equipped with
appropriate pumping
units that can serve a
contiguous area owned by
Site Criteria for STW
an individual or groups of
farmers. An STW pump-
1. Average slope of ing unit consists of a
irrigable area is within centrifugal pump pow-
0-3% ered by a 5-10 diesel
2. There is potential for engine or electric motor.
shallow tubewells with A tube or pipe vertically
safe yield of 100 gpm set into the ground at
or more. Suction head depth of 20 to 60 feet for
not exceeding the the purpose of suction
allowable 6.5 m for lifting of water from
centrifugal pump. shallow aquifers. The
Potential shallow ground- tube or pipe usually is a
3” to 4” diameter sche-
water source are areas
dule 40 G.I. pipe.
whose:
a. ground water table
Features
depth is located 2 to 3
• can irrigate 3-5 ha per
meters or less below
unit
ground surface at the
• low investment cost
onset of the dry season.
• high water use efficiency
b. top soil profile is 1 to 2
• simple to operate and
meters deep and the
maintain
succeeding 3 to 7
• short gestation period (2
meters thick are sand
-3 weeks)
and gravel.
• sustainable development
c. soil texture is light to
• empowerment of farmers
medium. Whenever
possible, information
on depths of the water
table, groundwater
yield must be obtained
from existing wells
nearby.
E. Small Farm Reservoir (SFR)
A small water impound-
Small
ing earth dam structure to
collect rainfall and run
Scale
-off, designed for use in a
single farm, and typically Irrigation
has a reservoir area of
Ideal sites for SFR
about 300-2,000 m2. The
embankment height
Technologies
above ground level is
• SFR can be constructed
less than 4 meters. It
in flat areas or sloping
can easily be con-
land with up to 18%
structed with a bull-
slope (undulating topog-
dozer or manual labor.
raphy is most suitable
Irrigation is done with
• Soil type for embank-
PVC siphon pipes or
ment are loam, sandy
pumps.
loam, sandy clay loam or
clay loam
• There is sufficient Advantages of SFR
watershed area • less capital intensive
•
Average annual rainfall • easy to construct and
is 1,5000 mm maintain
• Farm size is about 0.5 ha • empower individual
or larger. farmers
Uses and benefits of SFR
• ensure crop intensifica-
tion and diversification
• ensure improved farm
income
• recharge ground water
am
an
in:
• minimize soil erosion gyLupa at Tubig
P a
and nutrient losses
Laban sa Kahirapan
For further information please contact:
Department of Agriculture
Water Resources Management Division
BUREAU OF SOILS AND WATER
Bureau of Soils and Water Management
MANAGEMENT
Elliptical Road, corner Visayas Ave. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Tel. (02) 9230462