数理解析研究所講究録

第 1561 巻 2007 年 86-92 86

零加法性 Lusin 定理による Fuzzy neural network の

近似について
(Approximation of fuzzy neural networks by using
Lusin’s theorem)
Jun Li*
School of Sciences, Commun. Univ. of China, Beijing 100024, China,
lijun@cuc.edu.cn
Jianzeng Li
School of Information Engi., Commun. Univ. of China, Beijing 100024, China,
jzli@cuc.edu.cn
Masami Yasuda(安田正實)
Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan,
yasuda@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp

概要 proximation; Regular fuzzy neural network

この論文は近似理諭として譜諭されるレギュラー.
ファジィニューラル・ネットワーク (RFNN) につい
て、 Sugeno 積分を導入したノルム評価の結果を述べ
る。対象とする多重 RFNN は 4 層であり、従来扱わ
れた一様収束としての評価に代えたものである。任
意のファジィ値関数をファジィ値の単純関数と可測
関数の場合の 2 通りを考える。
In this note, we study an approximation Property
of regular fuzzy neural network(RFNN). It i8 shown
that any fuzzy-valued measurable function can be
aPproximat\’e by the four-layer RFNN in the sense
of fuzzy integral norm for the flnite sub-additive
fuzzy measure on R.
Keywords: Fuzzy measure; Lusin’s
$\overline{Supportd}$
by the $p\infty tdoctoral$ research finance of $Com$
munication University of China.
1 Introduction
In neural network theory, the learning ability of
a neural network is closely related to its apprexi-
mating capabilitioe, so it is important and interest-
ing to study the approximation properties of neural
networks. The studies on this matter were under-
taken by many authors and a great number of im-
portant results were obtained ([1, 4, 13] etc). The
similar aPproximation problems in fuzzy environ-
ment were investigated by Buckley $[2, 3]$ , P. Liu
$[7, 8]$ and other authors. In [8] Liu proved that
continuous ftzzy-valued function can be closely ap
$th\infty rem$ ;Ap- proximated by a class of regular fUzzy neural net-
works (RFNNs) with real input and fuzzy-valued
. output. In this note, by using Lusin’8 theorem on
 87

fuzzy measure space, we show that such RFNNs 3 Approximation in fuzzy

is pan-approximator for fuzzy-valued measurable
function. That is, any fuzzy-valued measurable mean by regular fuzzy neu-
function can be aPproximat\’e by the four-layer ral networks
RFNNs in the sense of fuzzy integral norm for the
In this section, we study an $appr\alpha imation$ prop-
finite sub-additive measure on R.
erty of the four-layer RFNN8 to fuzzy-valued mea-
surable function in the sense of fUzzy integral norm
2 for fuzzy measure on R.
Preliminaries
We suPpose that (X, ) is a metric space, and $\rho$

that and are the classes of all open and closed

$O$ $C$

sets in (X, ), respectively, and is Borel -algebra

$\rho$
$\mathcal{B}$
$\sigma$

on $X$ , i.e., it is the smallest -algebra containing . $\sigma$ $O$

A set function : is called a fiuzy $\mu$ $\mathcal{B}arrow[0, +\infty]$

$mcafud[11])$ , if it satisfles the following $properti\infty$ :

(FM1) impliae $\mu(A)\leq$
$\mu(\emptyset)=0$ ; (FM2) $A\subset B$

. A fuzzy measure is called null-additive

$\mu(B)$ $\mu$

([15]), if for any $E,$ $F\in B$ and $\mu(F)=0$ imply

$\mu(E\cup F)=\mu(E)$ ; sub-additive ([12]), if for any
$E,$ we have $\mu(E\cup F)\leq\mu(E)+\mu(F)$ .
$F\in B$

In this paper, we always assume that is a finite, $\mu$

sub-additive and continuous fuzzy measure on . $\mathcal{B}$

Let $F_{0}(\mathbb{R})$
be the set of all bounded fuzzy num-
Consider a nonnegative real-valued measurable bers, i.e., for , the following $\infty ndition8$
$\overline{A}\in \mathcal{F}_{0}(\bm{R})$

function on and the filzzy integvul of on

$f$ $A$
$f$ $A$
hold:
with respect to , which is denoted by (i) ], is the
$\mu$
$\forall\alpha\in(0,1$ $A_{\alpha}=A\{x\in \mathbb{R}|\tilde{A}(x)\geq\alpha\}$

closed interval of ; $R$

$(S) \int_{A}fd\mu$

$=\Delta$

$[\alpha\wedge\mu(\{x : f(x)\geq\alpha\}\cap A)]$

(ii) The support $Supp(\tilde{A})$ a $c1\{x\in \mathbb{R}|\tilde{A}(x)>$

$0\leq\alpha<+\infty$
$O\}\subset is$ a bounded set;

Theorem 2.1 (Lusin’s theorem cf. [6, 14]) Let (iii) $\{x\in \mathbb{R}|\tilde{A}(x)=1\}\neq\emptyset$
.
(X, ) be metric
$\rho$
and be null additive fiuzy $\ell pace$ $\mu$
For simplicity, is also written as Ob- $supp(\overline{A})$ $\tilde{A}_{0}$

.
measure on B. If a fual-valued measurable $f\dot{u}$
viously, is a bounded and closed interval of R.
$\tilde{A}_{0}$

on $E\in B$ , then, for every

$Jhsnctio\mathfrak{n}$
, there $\epsilon>0$
For , let for each $\alpha\in[0,1]$
$\tilde{A}\in \mathcal{F}_{0}(R)$ $\tilde{A}_{\alpha}=[a_{\alpha}^{-},a_{\alpha}^{+}]$

a closed subtet
$oei\iota t_{\delta}$
$F_{e}\in B$ such that cotetin- $f\dot{u}$
and we denote
uous on and $\mu(E-F_{e})<\epsilon$ .
$F_{e}$

$|\tilde{A}|=\Delta(|a_{\alpha}^{-}|v|a_{\alpha}^{+}|)\alpha\in[0,1)$

For $\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\in \mathcal{F}_{0}(\mathbb{R})$

, deflne metric $d(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})$
between
 88

$\tilde{A}$

and $\tilde{B}$

by Proof. Rom subadditivity of , we have $\mu$

$\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{3})=(S)\int_{T}d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{3})d\mu$
$d(\overline{A},\tilde{B})^{\underline{A}}d_{H}(\tilde{A}_{a},\tilde{B}_{\alpha})\alpha\epsilon[0,1]$

where $d_{H}$
means Hausdorff metric: for $A,$ $B\subset \mathbb{R}$
, $=$ $\{\alpha\wedge\mu(T\cap(d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{S}))_{\alpha}\}$

$\alpha\in[0,\infty$
)
$d_{H}(A,B)$
$\leq$ $\{\alpha\wedge\mu(T\cap$

$= \Delta\max\{8upa\inf_{e\in A\nu\in B}(|x-y|),y8\in UB^{x\in 4}p\dot{m}f(|x-y|)\}$

. $\alpha\in[0,\infty)$

$(d(\tilde{F}_{1},\overline{F}_{2})_{\S}\cup d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{f}))\}$

It is known that ls a $\infty mpletely$ sep& $(F_{0}(\mathbb{R}),d)$

rable metric space ([5]). Also we note that the next $\{\alpha\wedge[\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})g)$
$\leq$

$\alpha\in[0,\infty)$

assertion which is used in later.

$+\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{\theta})]\}$
.
Proposition 3.1 ([8]) Assume $\tilde{A},\tilde{A}_{1},\tilde{A}_{2}$
$\in$

, and
$\mathcal{F}_{0}(\mathbb{R})$ $\tilde{W}_{i},\tilde{V}_{i}\in F_{0}(\mathbb{R})(i=1,2, \cdots,n)$
. Then Because of the elementary inequality: A $(b+c)\leq$ $a$

$(a\wedge b)+$ ( A c) where $a,b,$ $c\geq 0$ , we have

$a$

(1) $d(\tilde{A}\cdot\tilde{A}_{1},\tilde{A}\cdot\tilde{A}_{2})\leq|\tilde{A}|\cdot d(\tilde{A}_{1},\tilde{A}_{2})$

,
$\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{3})$

(2) $d( \sum_{i=1}^{n}\tilde{W}_{i}, \sum_{i=1}^{n}\tilde{V}_{1})\leq\sum_{:=1}^{n}d(\tilde{W}_{1},\tilde{V}_{i})$

. $\leq$ $\vee$ $\{\alpha\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})_{S})$

By the well known extension principle, each func-

$\alpha\in[0,\infty)$

tion : $R^{n}arrow R$ may be extended to one

$f$ $F_{0}(\mathbb{R})^{n}arrow$ $+\alpha\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\overline{P}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{S})\}$

and, for each fuzzy number, the addition, the

$\mathcal{F}(R)$

multiplication and the multiplication by a scalar

$\leq$ $\vee$ $[\alpha\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})_{1})]$

$\alpha\in[0,\infty)$

are defined by the extension princile ([8]).

Let be a measurable set in $T$ $(T, B\cap T,\mu)$ $R^{n},$ $+$ $[\alpha\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{S})]$

finite fuzzy measure $8paoe$ . Let denote the $\mathcal{L}(T)$

$\alpha\in[0,\infty)$

set of all fuzzy-valued measurable function $\leq$ $\vee$ $[ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1\prime}\tilde{F}_{2})_{S})$

.
$a\epsilon[0,\infty)$
$\tilde{F}$

: $Tarrow \mathcal{F}_{0}(R)$

For any $\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2}\in \mathcal{L}(T),$

is measurable
$d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})$
$+ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})$
曾)]
function on $(T,B\cap T)$ , we will write a fuzzy integral

norm as
$+ \vee\alpha\in|0,\infty)[\frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{S})g)$

$\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})^{\underline{A}}(S)\int_{T}d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})d\mu$
. $+ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{f})]$

Proposition 3.2 Let $\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{S}\in \mathcal{L}(T)$

, then $\leq$ $\vee$ $[ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})$
号)]
号\epsilon [0,。o)
$\triangle_{S}(\overline{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{3})\leq 2(\triangle_{S}(\overline{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})+\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{\epsilon}))$
. $+$ $\vee$ $[ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})_{9})]$

号 $\in|0,\infty$ )
 89

$+$ $[ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{9})]$ Restricting fuzzy numbers $\tilde{V}_{ij},\tilde{U}_{j},\tilde{\Theta}_{j}\in \mathcal{F}_{0}(R)$

,
号 $\in(0,\infty)$
respectively, to be real numbers $vu,\theta_{j}\in \mathbb{R}$ , we
obtain the subset of : $\mathcal{H}_{0}[\sigma]$ $\mathcal{H}[\sigma]$

$+$ $[ \frac{\alpha}{2}\wedge\mu(T\cap d(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3})_{9})]$

号\in [0,\infty )
$\mathcal{H}_{0}[\sigma]=A\{\tilde{H}|\tilde{H}(x)=\sum_{1=1}^{n}\tilde{W}.v_{i}[\sigma]\}$
.
$=$ 2 ( $\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F}_{1},\tilde{F}_{2})+\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F}_{2},\tilde{F}_{3}))$
.
where
Deflnition 3.1 ([8]) A fuzzy-valued function :
a .
$\tilde{\Phi}$

$v:[\sigma]$ $\sum_{j=1}^{m}v_{1j}\cdot\sigma(x\cdot u_{j}+\theta_{j})$

is called a fuzzy-valued simple function,

$Tarrow \mathcal{F}_{0}(\mathbb{R})$

if there exist , such that $\tilde{A}_{1},\tilde{A}_{2},$ $\ldots,\tilde{A}_{m}$

Let define two classes of pan-approximation

$\in \mathcal{F}_{0}(R)$

$\forall x\in T$ ,
which is fundamental to our results.
6 $(x)= \sum_{k=1}^{m}\tilde{A}_{k}\cdot\chi_{T_{k}}(x)$

Deflnition 3.2 (1) call the pan-

$\mathcal{H}_{0}[\sigma]$ $\dot{u}$

where $T_{k}\in \mathcal{B}\cap T(k=1,2, \ldots, m),$ $T_{i}\cap T_{j}=\emptyset(i\neq$ $ap_{P^{1}}v\dot{n}matorofS(T)$ in the sense , iffor $of\triangle s$

j) and .
$T= \bigcup_{k=1}^{m}T_{k}$ $\forall\tilde{\Phi}\in S(T),$ $\forall\epsilon>0,$ $the|t\infty\dot{w}u\tilde{H}_{e}\in \mathcal{H}_{0}[\sigma]$

Immediately, if $S(T)$ denotes the set of all fuzzy- such that $\triangle s(\tilde{\Phi},\tilde{H}_{e})<\epsilon$
.
valued simple functions, then . $S(T)\subset \mathcal{L}(T)$
(2) For $\tilde{F}$
$\in$ $\mathcal{L}(T),$ $\mathcal{H}[\sigma]\dot{u}cdl$
the pan-
Similar to the proof of Proposition 3.2 and by us- for in the
appfvximator $\tilde{F}$
$\iota e\mathfrak{n}\cdot\epsilon$

of , V $\Delta_{S}$

ing 8ubadditivity of , we can obtain the following $\mu$ $\forall\epsilon>0$

, there esistf $H_{e}\in \mathcal{H}[\sigma]$
auch that
proposition. $\Delta_{S}(\tilde{F},\tilde{H}_{\epsilon})<\epsilon$
.
Propogition3.3 Let be a finite, sub-additive $\mu$ By using Lusin’s $th\infty rem$ (Theorem 2.1), Proposi-
and uous $fl\iota m$ mearure on R. If
$conu\dot{n}$
, $\tilde{F}\in \mathcal{L}(T)$
tion 3.2 and 3.3 we can obtain the main result in
then for every , there enist\epsilon such $\epsilon>0$ $\tilde{\Phi}_{\epsilon}\in S(T)$
this paper, which is stated in the following.
that
$\triangle_{S}(\tilde{F},\tilde{\Phi}_{e})<\epsilon$
. Theorem 3.1 Let $(T,B\cap T,\mu)$ be $fiu\eta$ measure
space and be finite, $ut-addi\hslash ve$ and
$\mu$ 瞳 nuous. $\infty n$

Define Then,
$\mathcal{H}[\sigma]^{\underline{A}}\{\tilde{H}|\tilde{H}(x)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\tilde{W}_{1}V_{i}[\sigma]\}$ (1) $\mathcal{H}_{0}[\sigma]$
ts the $\mu n- awm\dot{n}mutor$ of $S(T)$ in the
sense of $\triangle s$
.
where
(2) $\mathcal{H}[\sigma]\dot{u}$
the $pan- appm\dot{n}mator$ for $\tilde{F}$

in the
$V_{1}[ \sigma]^{\underline{A}}\sum_{j=1}^{m}\tilde{V}_{1j}\cdot\sigma(x\cdot\tilde{U}_{j}+\tilde{\Theta}_{j})$
$s$
ense of $\triangle s$
.
Proof. By using the conclusion of (1) and Propo-
and , by the same notation, is a given extended
$\sigma$

sition 3.3 we can obtain (2). Now we only prove

function of : $Rarrow R$ (bounded, $\infty ntinuou8$ and
$\sigma$

(1). Suppose that is a fuzzy-valued simple $\tilde{\Phi}(x)$

$non\infty nstant)$ , and . $x\in R,\tilde{W}_{i},\tilde{V}_{1j},\tilde{U}_{j},\tilde{\Theta}_{j}\in \mathcal{F}_{0}(\mathbb{R})$

function, i.e.,
For any is a four-layer feedforward
$\tilde{H}\in \mathcal{H}[\sigma],\tilde{H}$

RFNN with activation function , threshold vector

.
$\sigma$

$\overline{\Phi}(x)=\sum_{k=1}^{m}\chi_{T_{k}}(x)\cdot\tilde{A}_{k}(x\in T)$

in the $flr8t$ hidden layer(cf. [8]).

$(\overline{\Theta}_{1}, \ldots,\tilde{\Theta}_{m})$
 90

For arbitrarily given , applying Theorem 2.1 $\epsilon>0$

Now denote that
(Lusin’s theorem) to each real measurable function
, for every fixed $k(1\leq k\leq m)$ , there exists
$\chi\tau_{k}(x)$
$\tilde{H}(x)=\sum_{k=1}^{m}\tilde{A}_{k}\cdot(\sum_{j=1}^{p}v_{kj}\cdot\sigma((w_{kj},x\rangle+\theta_{kj})),$

closed set such that $F_{k}\in \mathcal{B}\cap T$

$F_{k}\subset L_{k}$
and $\mu(L_{k}-F_{k})<\frac{\epsilon}{2m}$
then . $\tilde{H}\in \mathcal{H}_{0}[\sigma]$

In the reminder part of this section we will prove

and is continuous on . Therefore, for ev-
$\chi_{T_{k}}(x)$ $F_{k}$
. Denote
$\triangle_{S}(\tilde{H},\tilde{\Phi})<\epsilon$

ery $k$
there exist a Tauber-Wiener function and
.
$\sigma$

$p_{k}\in N,v_{\acute{k}1},v_{\acute{k}2},$ $\cdots,v_{\acute{k}p_{k}},$ $\theta_{k1}’,\theta_{k2}^{J},$ $\cdots,\theta_{kp_{k}}’\in \mathbb{R}$

, $Bkj=v_{kj}$ $\sigma((w_{kj},x$
} $+\theta_{kj}$ )
and $w_{\acute{k}1},$ $w_{\acute{k}2},$
$\cdots,$
$w_{\acute{k}pu}\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$
such that and
$B_{\acute{k}j}=v_{1j}\cdot\sigma((w_{\acute{k}j},x)+\theta_{kj}’)’\cdot$
.
$| \chi\tau_{*}(x)-\sum_{j=1}^{p_{k}}v_{kj}’\cdot\sigma((w_{kj}’,x\rangle+\theta_{kj}’)|<\frac{\epsilon}{2\sum_{k=1}^{m}|\tilde{A}_{k}|}$
By using Proposition 3.1 and noting $\mu(T-L)<$
, we have
$\epsilon/2$

for $x\in L_{k}$ . Note that we can assume I $\sum_{k=1}^{m}$ $\tilde{A}_{k}|\neq$ $\triangle_{S}(\overline{H},\tilde{\Phi})$

, without any loss of generality. Denote $L=$

$0$

, then $T=L\cup(T-L)$ . By the subad-

$=$ $(S) \int_{T}d(\tilde{H},\tilde{\Phi})d\mu$
$\bigcap_{k=1}^{m}L_{k}$

ditivity of , we have $\mu$

$[a\wedge\mu(T\cap(d(\overline{H},\tilde{\Phi}))_{\alpha})]$
.
$\mu(T-L)$ $= \mu(\bigcup_{k=1}^{m}(T-L_{k}))$ $0\leq\alpha<+\infty$

$\leq\sum_{k=1}^{m}\mu(T-L_{k})<\frac{\epsilon}{2}$
Since

\mbox{\boldmath $\mu$}(T\cap d(の $\tilde{\Phi})_{\alpha}$

)
We take $\beta_{1}=0,$ $\beta_{k}=\sum_{1=1}^{k-1}p:,$
$k=2,$ $\cdots$
, $m$ , and
$p= \sum_{k=1}^{m}p_{k}$ . For $k=1,2,$ $\cdots,m,j=1,2,$ $\cdot\cdot,$
$,p$ ,
we denote $=$ $\mu(T\cap d(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\tilde{A}_{k}\cdot\sum_{j=1}^{p}B_{kj}$
,

$v_{kj}=\{\begin{array}{ll}v_{\acute{k}(j-\beta_{k})}, if \beta_{k}<j\leq\beta_{k+1},0 otherwise,\end{array}$

$\sum_{k-1}^{m}\chi\tau_{k}(x)\cdot\tilde{A}_{k})_{\alpha})$

$\leq$
$\mu((L\cup(T-L))\cap(C_{mp})_{\alpha})$
$\theta_{kj}=\{\begin{array}{ll}\theta_{k(i-\beta_{k})}’, if \beta_{k}<j\leq\beta_{k+1},0 otherwise,\end{array}$

$\leq$
$\mu(L\cap(C_{mp})_{\alpha})+\mu((T-L)\cap(C_{mp})_{\alpha})$

$w_{kj}=\{\begin{array}{ll}w_{\acute{k}(j-\beta_{\hslash})}, if \beta_{k}<j\leq\beta_{k+1},0 otherwise,\end{array}$

where the notation of set $C_{mp}$ is assigned as

then, for any $k\in\{1,2, \cdots,m\}$ , we have $C_{mp}= \sum_{k=1}^{m}|\tilde{A}_{k}|\cdot d(\sum_{k=1}^{p}B_{kj},\chi_{T_{k}}(x))$

.
$\sum_{j=1}^{p}v_{1j}\cdot\sigma(\langle w_{kj},x\rangle+\theta_{kj})$

Hence $\triangle_{S}(\tilde{H},\tilde{\Phi})$
is dominated by
$= \sum_{j=1}v_{1j}\cdot\sigma((w_{kj}’,x\rangle+\theta_{kj}’)$ .
$[a\wedge\mu(L\cap(D_{mp})_{\alpha})]$

$0\leq a<+\infty$
 91

$+$ $[\alpha\wedge\mu((T-L))]$ The proof of (1) is now completed. 口

$0\leq\alpha<+\infty$

$\vee$ $[ \alpha\wedge\mu(L\cap(D_{mp}’)_{\alpha})]+\frac{\epsilon}{2}$
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