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THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF LIBRARIANS ON THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY ON LIBRARIES IN VIGAN CITY

A Thesis Proposal

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Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Communication and Information Technology

University of Northern Philippines

Vigan, Ilocos Sur

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In Partial fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Library and Information Science

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GENESIS SHELDON T. LAZO

MICHELLE LANI T. LEGASPI

RAPHAEL EMMANUEL H. SABANGAN

2022
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Information Technology has delivered breakthroughs for both the learning facilities and the

learners. As the way an individual can now access an information with ease using the help of technology, so

does those transmit knowledge can now easily deliver in many various methods or formats whether audio,

video e-mail to them that needed the information. As modernization of the civilization with the use of

Information Technology even if they are from one side of the globe and one is on the other the barriers of

distance are minimized or better yet been nullified for those who want to exchange information. Information

technology is now been a trend for a long time now it was helpful in many ways in learning, teaching,

advertising, and conventional transaction. People have now access to so many resources almost instantly

with the use of technology just by using the internet and in just one search it produces a hundred of

thousands of resources.

Now with these appeasing qualities Information Technology has contributed does now the library

rendered inconvenient? One can say that, but the professional instead integrates the Information Technology

in the schools and universities. In doing so, a reason by (2014) Jon Bing in having too many information it is

reasonable to have a credible place to get one and where you can be rest assured for it. In adopting

Information Technology in the library users now can access anytime the library through e-books, e-journals,

online publications, library databases via online services. It became common western world to now have the

Information Technology applied to the library but the local library is trying to cope up in comparison with

those first world country still, one step at a time is better than no stepping at all. With Information

Technology people living in other nations can also access and be experience the library services and it is for

the benefit of a library to be recognized in other nations for an excellent quality of services they provide as
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this would contribute to library’s advertised, promotion and recognition then the institution will give more

consideration for developing more of the library status. Information Technology in the library now enables

users to access library resources such as the library’s database, online catalog, e-books and e-journals, web

forms and other digital resources in the library. Seeing the IT services provided by the local libraries done by

professional veterans in the library they can too be overwhelmed as the unpredictability of changes as

technology strives even further. As Information Technology integrates to the library the Rasul et al. (2011)

conclude that these three major aspects recommended putting more attention: (1) adequacy of print

resources; (2) electronic resources; and (3) IT services for a higher user satisfactory rate to be achieve, even

though the pace of technology changing is quiet rapidly this starting point is good enough said. Jenifer

(2017).

Transitioning from traditional library to modern library was not never an easy task especially for

those who worked and experienced the shifting inside the institution. The library also faced its own issues

and challenges as not all are able to keep the pace of changes happening in the institution, old users trying to

learn technology and younger people ignore the benefit of having it in addition older librarians also pursue

another study about the Information Technology to be able to cope in knowledge of these new generation of

users. Still, this does not apprehend the library workers to provide quality services to those who are in need

of the libraries benefits. The library now stands a hundred of years as early as 7 th century and no one ever

complained in having one, yet it did the necessary adjustments to fit the current society's need. The local

libraries may vary in each IT integration experiences but one thing is for certain that Information

Technology helps not only for the organization’s own interest but also for the users benefitting from it.

Except that even though being one that is Library IT integrated in the local area it can be still unrecognized

as one that is not then imagine an institution that has quality service, that has good amount equipment,

structured and one you can say as a safe establishment then not having many clients.

The familiarity rate of IT services in library tends to be lower than it should as the local libraries

meta presence is still unpopular and many users prefer still to go the library to get their needs met
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concerning their studies and researches. As many may still not aware of the excellence of having IT in the

library and doesn’t meet the recognition it deserves if it continues to be so the progression of the library IT

services will be hampered. The potential that a library has if it put more emphasis on integrating IT will be

tremendous help for future professionals and current stakeholders as well. This will affect community of

people and contribute to the society's literacy growth and it will be the mass’s profit.

Knowledge Information Technology equipment used in libraries the local libraries can also be a

helpful tool as this research will tackle in into more profound details in what are the most useful current

equipment that the library owns and the least and ready to be obsolete equipment that needed to be remove

or consider upgrading and this will be important reference for future library workers to have in mind to. IT

equipment supplied to more efficient, accurate, and quality assistance combined with professionals who are

in knowledgeable in their profession instead of relying just on manpower this accommodates the people to

be willing to come back for more aid in their pursuit of informative resources. With Information Technology

service in the library guarantees more safety for the workers, users and the materials benefiting from the

library as it enables tracking records with ease and updating it with ease. User can now be notified of their

borrowed or leased books and e books. Likewise, materials cannot easily leave the facilities without proper

record taken with the use of IT this ensures safekeeping and security of resources to elevate further in

addition to human security. This also made library services to be able to function 24/7 as some resources can

be now accessed as long as there is stable connection between both parties and the user met the needed

qualifications.

This research proposal aims to study the librarians lived experience on IT integration and its services

provided challenges and issued encountered in the Academic Library of Vigan City in the University of

Northern Philippines Library, Divine Word College Library , and STI College Vigan Library. To gather

insight relating on what our Library condition and its current IT related services that needs to be acquired

from those who are in the field that has good amount of experience and on also the challenges experiencing

by the librarians using IT thus will enable us to take valuable precautionary measures, knowledge and deeper
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understanding for further development of the Library and its IT services. The study will be an advantage for

future researchers, future librarians and paving way for future investors of the library. This will also be an

opportunity for unheard librarians to impart wisdom for aspiring librarians trying to seek the institutions

expansion for quality services.

Statement of Objectives

It aims to determine the answer on the following:

1. The study will determine the lived experiences of academic librarians in Vigan City. Specifically,

on the impact of information technology in libraries

2. Lived experiences on the impact of IT career, and

3. Challenges and obstacles encountered in IT.

Significance of the Study

This study will allow us to broaden the understanding about the situation of the local library. By

conducting interviews of librarians that has 5 years and above experience and in making this research things

that should be taken as precautions and insight to be taken for further development of the library and its

services

This study will be significant to;

1. Librarians; as it will encourage those who are in current situation as they are that what they’re

unspoken experiences can be itemized, and be published contributing to library services quality

growth. In those who are new to the profession this will be an advantage for them to know the

situation of the local library’s IT related functions and be influenced in also improving the library

services and be as better or even better than the earlier librarians

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2. Library Administrators: this study will add to the higher management’s insight in creating steps to

facilitate the development of the library and to add what precautionary measures to be taken, as

admins then can now see in broader perspectives on what are the issues and challenges, also the in

demand according to the experienced librarians as not only in their library but others as well, and

then they will be able to take step even further.

3. Researchers; for those who will add up to their references in the related study it will be a valuable

information for them as it will be conducted on the lived experiences of librarians, they will then

learn the issues faced and challenges met then be able to cope up with is happening inside, then be

able to study and proposed for solutions about the current state.

4. Students: the learners then be more knowledgeable about their library for those aspiring to be one can

also add to their realization of the challenges and insight that librarians faced, then they can now be

informed for future studies they should be focusing on if they have wanted to become a librarian or

person who work on a library.

Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses things Information Technology affected the local libraries in the perspective of

librarian and library personnel in academic libraries in the Vigan City. Four college libraries intended in the

study; Divine Word College, Vigan Library, STI Vigan Library, and University of Northern Philippines

Library.

Librarians that have five years and above working experience in the institutions are the chosen

participants as this qualitative research. In addition, to that this phenomenological study will capture the

changes and steps done in integrating IT to the library.

The study is delimited by librarians who are willing to take part in this study of lived experienced on IT

impact of Information Technology in the local library.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

Ramzan (2019) Since they are the leaders in implementing new technology-based library resources,

services, and systems, librarians' roles and attitudes have been crucial to this transformation process. The

improvement of librarians' own knowledge and skills in the areas of information resource, tools, access

modes, technology, management, and their capacity to integrate all of these to provide effective and efficient

library services are all related to the successful implementation of information and other technologies. In

wealthy nations, librarians swiftly picked up on and embraced new information technology. By participating

in professional development courses, updating their library and information school curricula, and

participating in continuing education programs, they improved their understanding of emerging information

technology. This made it easier for them to take use of modern technology's advantages. In the end, their

libraries were well-stocked with enough hardware, suitable software, and useful technology-based resources.

The IT usage scenario in Pakistan and other developing nations, however, is not promising. The lack of

expertise among librarians and library administrators is one of the issues preventing wider adoption of

contemporary technologies. Veteran educators and librarians have noted that Pakistani librarians were not

ready to accept the changes that new technologies were forcing upon them. In general, librarians in

developing countries were more likely to integrate information technologies. The majority of them were

unsure about the IT tools available in their libraries and the long-term advantages for their parent companies.

They had no idea what technologies to buy, how to use them, or what issues needed to be resolved.

According to these writers, significant factors contributing to their ignorance and incapacity were their lack

of knowledge of relevant technology, their inability to examine and evaluate library automation projects, and

the capacity to assess library automation initiatives and their execution (Johnson, 1991; Anwar, 1993;

Rehman, 1993; Nair, 1998; Haider, 1998); (Saeed, et al. 2000). The poor state of libraries in many
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developing nations, particularly Pakistan, is a true reflection of the level of librarians' information

technology (IT) knowledge, skills, and attitudes. This study aims to gauge librarians' IT knowledge levels,

investigate their attitudes toward IT applications, and look at the relationship between librarians' IT

knowledge and attitudes toward IT applications in Pakistan.

The basic duties of any library include: ordering and acquisitions, cataloging, circulation control,

serials control, management information, and community information control, according to Deshpande

(2017) assessment to avoid duplicating labor, a library manager must constantly explore for methods to

integrate these functionalities. A large portion of the software on the market today offers this integration in

the sense that it is offered in a number of modules covering various tasks that when combined, constitute a

full system from acquisitions to online catalog. Modules may be purchased as needed or as funds allows.

Each module will communicate with the others, enabling the transfer of records from one to the other. The

primary goal is to list the requirements that must be taken into account when researching the automation of

routines and examining how particular software functions with this kind of activity.

Due to speed and accuracy, the widespread adoption of technological breakthroughs in 21st-century

libraries is emphasizing the use of web technology. (Govanakoppa & Kumara, 2014) Accordingly, libraries

that are currently blazing the digital trail are striving towards web services. A web service is a modern

application of computing technology aimed at the facilitation of exchange of communication between or

among interconnected computers that is internet-based (Amrohi, Garg & Chauhan, 2015).

Walker (2018) expresses her experience staying for 6.5 years and collaborated closely on

technological projects with all-male media and IT groups and always had duties in IT over the years,

regardless of my position. I collaborated on a technological project at a small institution with the CIO and

other people. Starting out as the manager of collections at the library at Harvard Medical School in 2005,

eventually taking on responsibility for technical services and library IT as well. later was nominated for a

leadership award by her team, which she later received. The associate then called her best manager he'd ever

had, according to her "IT guy." He claimed that I had sufficient technical knowledge to comprehend his
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work and needs, that she could eliminate obstacles in his path so he could work uninterrupted, and that I

trusted him to do the task on his own and only became involved when he requested help.

Farrell (2013) made the following hypothesis: "The widespread acceptance of the digital native

theory has given rise to the dangerous assumption that students come into higher education already equipped

with academic IT skills, or that due to their immersion in social technologies, academic IT skills are

something that they can 'pick up as they go along' and the question must be raised as to how much the digital

native theory continues to influence such beliefs. When the author discusses the necessity of IT provision

during conference presentations, there is little to no formal IT support, according to a sizable portion of the

audience, and once more, the impact of the digital native theory on such support decisions needs to be

investigated. We need to know how many institutions currently in existence do not provide IT support and

why they believe they do not need to. The digital native theory has to have three specific presumptions

refuted.

Alojail et al (2018) assessed that the outsourcing of IT services has grown in popularity among IS

researchers over the past 20 years. Given the importance of IT services in contemporary enterprises,

managing IT services (both internally and externally delivered) has also emerged as a new subject of

academic research. The Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) framework is one of the more

well-known ones for IT service management. Although there are several claims made concerning the

connection between ITIL and IT outsourcing, more empirical study is still needed to support these claims.

This study examines how ITIL effects suggested practices on the success of IT outsourcing arrangements

using information from a preliminary focus group.

Idiegbeyanoseme &. Esse (2013) pointed that. Two major difficulties strengthen the libraries' rising

role as an information specialist in the new knowledge distribution. First, the ability to acquire information,

adapt it to new uses, and boost the effectiveness of current systems is what gives it its worth. Universities are

expected to produce new knowledge, but they are also expected to be able to commercialize the innovations

that result from knowledge that has been shared and applied. Libraries are challenged to provide access to
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pertinent information by utilizing ICTs to facilitate quick, efficient access, integrate, and repackage

information for the end-user that will capacitate higher educational institutions to conduct research because

this calls for a research-friendly environment. Second, the new knowledge economy emphasizes that

knowledge may be moved from the point of production to the point of use. A crucial tool for efficient

planning and management in academic libraries is the library use study, which is a component of users'

studies.

Ofodu and Agim (2017) assessed that it helps information services in open and distance learning,

such as user registration, orientation/user education, charging and discharging services, reference services,

photocopying services, interlibrary loan services, document delivery services, library automation, current

awareness services, library guide, and selective dissemination of information (SDI), in the dissemination of

information to distant learners. Since everything related to open and distance learning is delivered online and

benefits distance learners, the paper offers solutions for efficient services ranging from technical support,

technological infrastructural facilities, virtual support programs, partnership and collaboration, and funding.

The library, its resources/information, facilities, and services are made virtual for easy dissemination and

retrieval of information.

Ellis et al (2012). Find out that restructuring the library has been a significant result of implementing

E-learning technologies. Because of the focus on e-learning, librarians now work in a dynamic environment

that changes with the information needs of users. In order for librarians to adapt to changes in users'

information needs, everyone has developed a flexible work environment for us. Every librarian's job

description now includes technology related to their area of expertise, and new recruits are now required to

have a technical skill set relevant to their particular profession. For instance, candidates for the role of

distance education librarian required to possess technology skills relevant to their particular profession. For

instance, applicants for the position of distance education librarian had. The reference area has more

workstations and better printing now that it is a computer lab. The reference desk itself serves as both the

hub for IT advisors who lend laptops and other equipment and assist students in setting up their laptops and
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tablets for use on the school network as well as the center for those advisors. The IT team has taken over the

library staff's role in technological troubleshooting so that librarians can access the university network. The

IT team has taken over the library staff's responsibilities for technical troubleshooting; giving librarians more

time to focus on assisting users with content. The wireless network has increased the number of service

stations across all departments.

Martzoukou E Tait etal.(2016) explained Libraries are progressively shifting towards a model in

which power has been transferred from supplier to user as a result of the transformational impact of IT

utilities. As an illustration, contemporary libraries are already adopting Web-scale discovery systems that

allow the use of a single central index and search interface that permits searching across local library

services, subscription collections, as well as open access resources. This action is in line with the business

practices of significant commercial database providers including EBSCO, Ex Libris, Serial Solutions

Summon, and OCLC's World Cat Local, who all provide discovery services that gather data from a range of

publishers and open-access repositories. Some of these systems permit user tagging, user reviews, interaction

with personal accounts, and sharing with external websites like Facebook. Technology for electronic

catalogs today includes features and services that enhance content discovery through the Social Web and

search engines that enable many open sources, such as Web search engines, as well as allowing user

comments, reviews, and ratings as well as the addition of new subjects and keywords, provide user input for

library services and collections. Technology has changed the supplementary services that libraries once

provided. In order to create, edit, personalize, update, and integrate reading lists into online learning and

teaching materials, academic libraries, for instance, have widely adopted the use of online reading lists. This

has enabled students to interact directly and fluidly with the reading materials for their courses. Additionally,

academic library employees are well-equipped to handle the book-ordering requirements of academics as

well as their training requirements for keeping and managing their reading lists. This definitely also

generates new needs. In light of past research that found a "asymmetrical separation" (Christiansen et al.,

2004: 18) between academics and library staff, a study of Talis Aspire and reading lists, for example,

underlined the need to improve communication between faculty and library staff needs having the .duties
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and obligations of the library personnel in creating and maintaining these lists readers. A number of

commercially accessible time management toolkits are also available to help you organize your day, but their

value depends on how much effort you put into utilizing the

Narca (2021) assessed that the way libraries and librarians serve their patrons has changed

significantly as a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The high school librarians at St. Scholastica's College

Manila in the Philippines are proof that librarians need to be flexible and resourceful in order to carry out

their mission of assisting students' and faculty members' information needs while transitioning from in-

person interactions to library online transactions. This study also demonstrated the significance of the staff's

function because it would be more difficult to retain their services without them. Through this study, it was

discovered that the SSC Manila HS librarians' roles and duties included technologists, experts in online

learning assistance, instructional partners, and creators of game-based learning. On the other side, they

encountered difficulties including having a limited number of transactions and time restrictions when

performing library services, online services, as well as the chance to have a proactive team culture and offer

their clients suitable and creative services.

Kohlhase, and Rabe, (2020) expresses that the Problem and Related Work There isn't any robust tool

support for such integration. In fact, due to our lack of resources, integrating libraries is hardly even possible

satisfactory systems for translating between languages or into a universal tongue. Even worse, the majority

of integration efforts currently fail even before attempting to access the libraries. The libraries contain

language-specific text files built for human users to write quickly and easily. As a result, highly Non-trivial

techniques for theorem proving, type reconstruction and a system have been created to create the required

abstract data structures. These are the practically only one system that can read for each library it.

Furthermore, the kernels of these systems are often implemented as read-evaluate-print connecting points to

the foundation, optimized for bulk processing of input files, and have a monolithic black box appearance

from the outside. Theorem prover must therefore allow exporting libraries in a manner that can be accessed
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by third parties' tools, such as other proof helpers, middleware for interoperability, or knowledge

management services, in order for any integration to work.

Kojo Dukper Bawa et al. (2018) assessed and said the understanding recent technological advancements

has significantly changed how information is accessed, stored, and communicated (Tsakomas &

Papatheodorou, 2006). Academic libraries have historically provided and used information based on the

collection of physical library items, but this is changing as more and more academic libraries enter the

virtual world. University students should be aware of the resources that are available to them to help them in

their academic endeavors when responding to such stimuli. With the development of e-publishing, CD-

ROMs (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory), e-books collections, e-journals covering a range of subjects,

online test full text databases, Emerald, Science Direct, Academic Search Premier, Ebscohost, TEEEL, Oare

Sciences, Hinari, Virtual Library (NUC), online public access catalogue (OPAC), and significant

bibliographic databases like AGORA and MEDLARS, According to Prangya & Rabindra (2013 in

Akpojotor, 2016), access to information on a local, regional, national, and international scale has overcome

the traditional barriers of time, ease of accessibility, and space. They also noted that awareness is essential to

using electronic information resources. Users have far more difficulty accessing these electronic resources

when they are blocked access. Anyway, where they are available for free (and not through a subscription),

students can find them and use them however they see fit. Researchers, academics, and students today have

access to global information resources through the use of electronic information resources, and over the

years, the use of electronic library resources has produced excellent results in the areas of teaching and

research using internet for their schoolarly journal.

Magie (2013) claimed that the purpose of the academic and library personnel is to assist and

improve the learning experience for students. There are many opportunities for creating fruitful

relationships, whether working together as co-researchers on a project to accomplish this goal or

collaborating as a researcher and participant. As co-researchers, the different perspectives and expertise of

the academic and practitioner add value to the project. With access to guidance at all phases of the process
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and possibly a willing co-author to produce a publishable manuscript at the end, the inexperienced

practitioner researcher can profit greatly.

Ifijeh (2012). Particularly in light of budget and staff reductions, librarians are busier than

ever with growing workloads. The only way to handle these demands is to learn effective time

management techniques. This study has made an effort to do this. One can only hope that the advice

offered here may be helpful too.

Information technology has greatly altered the library service in the socioeconomic context that

currently rules. The library appears to be losing its ability to fulfill the "first place role" in terms of meeting

peoples' information needs. The information industry is highly competitive. It is no longer acceptable for

librarians to perform regular tasks from their armchairs (Iwu-James, Haliso, & Ifijeh, 2019). This is due, in

part, to the fact that many companies that are not libraries have entered the market. They appear to offer

comparable information services just as well as or perhaps better than libraries do. As a matter of fact, there

are a wide range of alternative information services (Kenney et al., 2003) that offer intellectual and academic

content in large databases, intelligent search engines, digital content publishers, and Open Access initiatives

various paid or free information services. Due to this, the library's competitive advantage has shrunk, and as

a result, patrons' interest in the facility appears to be waning (Iwu-James, Haliso, & Ifijeh, 2019; Kenney et

al., 2003; Tait, Konstantina, & Peter 2016).

Olabisi Iyabode Moruwawon (2020) The most current advancement in information technology,

electronic information sources are among the most potent tools for promoting efficient library services. They

observed that consumers find electronic resources appealing and use them more frequently than print

sources. As a result, libraries are progressively making electronic information resources available through

the use of the internet and other digital forms in order to meet the needs of their users.

Dadlani and Todd (2015). From the standpoint of IT services, this means that a company offering IT

services must do so in a way that does not contravene both its particular conception of social justice, which

may include a wide range of notions, and the associated expectations of its clients. Seiders & Berry's (1998)
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research suggests that a public library that offers computer services to its patrons must do so in a way that

satisfies both internal and external social justice standards. Finding such expectations is where the challenge

in reaching this goal, it would seem. It seems important to implement IT practices and services that have

qualities like being appropriately distributed to constituents who need those services in achieving their

specific goals, through a procedure that is deemed fair by those constituents, in the case of information

organizations providing IT services, borrowing and inferring from the organizational justice literature

(Folger & Cropanzano, 2001) (pp. 29-31). However, the process of arriving at such a distribution is value-

laden (Williamson & Fadil, 2009). Should all computers at public libraries, for instance, be checked out on a

first-come, first-served basis, or should some be set aside for specific uses, such job searching for the

unemployed? On the one hand, reserving some computers for job seekers assumes that job seekers need

these services more than the average user does and that society should give them more of them than it does

for others. On the other hand, a first-come, first-served policy assumes that all customers have equal rights to

use such service (what we later discuss as a form of strict egalitarianism) (here we organize around another

principle to be discussed, that of equality of access to advantage). Furthermore, because resource distribution

is a fundamental function of educational environments, distributive justice ideas are especially pertinent to

IT in those settings. In other words, the research presented here demonstrates that school libraries, as

locations for the delivery of IT services within schools, are designed to serve a large audience and do so by

offering a diversity of IT resources/services to a large audience. Furthermore, because resource distribution

is a fundamental function of educational environments, distributive justice ideas are especially pertinent to

IT in those settings. In other words, the research presented here demonstrates that school libraries, as

locations for the delivery of IT services within schools, are designed to serve a large audience and do so by

offering a diversity of IT resources/services to a large audience. However, in order to address the

requirements of the numerous students they serve, schools frequently lack the resources (such as funding,

state or federal standards that constrain options, etc.) to do so.

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Aralikatte et al. (2017) pointed out the One of the main difficulties in interpreting natural language is

answering questions. As opposed to factoid replying, which only requires context clarification, supplying

complicated long replies to queries is a difficult challenge in the realization of such a system. Three major

categories can be used to categorize the many strategies investigated in the literature: 1) classification-based,

2) knowledge-graph-based, and 3) retrieval-based. None of them individually address the requirement for a

system of enterprise-wide help in the area of IT support and maintenance. The knowledge is present across

diverse data sources including application-specific documentation, ticket management systems, and any

single technique for a general purpose help is present in this area. The responses range widely from factoids

to organized operational procedures.

Oghenetega et al. (2014) Encountered 13 challenges in Library using ICT. 1) Limited/Restricted

access to users. One could argue that public libraries are not utilizing information technology for their

services in an efficient manner. Due to the risk of harming the equipment, library patrons are only permitted

to utilize the ICT resources available there. Computer systems and other information users can access

manual library servicers seven days a week, twenty-four hours per day. 2) Poor maintenance of Culture due

to the nation's technological laggardness, the majority of the equipment purchased for information

technology was imported. They do not have the knowledge or expertise to repair the system when it breaks

down when using ICT facilities. Additionally, there is a protracted bureaucratic process involved when

complaints are forwarded to higher authorities or the government for consideration. 3) Poor Networking,

When equipment is unwillingly turned on, the rate of information downloading is often slow and, in most

cases, foil when data is shared from a distant network. 4) Lack of Trained Personel, Nigerian public libraries

that have managed to tap into information technology resources lack trainedinformation technology experts.

This fact has left the information technology services of the library performing little or no of its functions. 5)

Erratic power supply A reliable and efficient power supply is essential for the efficient use of information

and communication technology. This is true because it is unable to work properly. Since the power

corporation (NEPA), now known as PHCN, has become so epileptic, it is imperative that the institution or

external system that wishes to operate these technologies make enough provisions for steady electrical
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supply. The erratic supply of (PHCN) should be supplemented by a generating set. 6) Literacy, There is no

point in denying that illiteracy has an impact on how well people use information and communication

technology (ICT). This is demonstrated by the fact that many students in academic institutions know very

little or nothing about these modern technologies or electronic marvels, and as a result of their ignorance,

they often discount their use on the justification that while these technologies can be carried out

electronically, they can also be carried out manually. Therefore, it is essential that these individuals receive

instruction on how to handle and utilize these technologies. 7) Poverty, the adage that money is the lifeblood

of any company is accurate, therefore the institution's financial standing has a significant impact on how well

it uses information and communication technologies. 8) Lack of Adequate Infrastructure, it is essential that

the institution provide adequate infrastructure facilities for the effective use of technology, especially in

public institutions, in order to increase their effectiveness. The effective use of information technology can

be hampered by the absence of good roads, a reliable telephone communication network, a reliable power

supply, etc. 9) Policy Structure of Government, the adoption of any communication technology in a society

and, consequently, its suitability for distant learning, are highly dependent on how much policymakers value

ICT in fostering a knowledge-based society. 10) Political Factors, any society's acceptance and development

of technology is significantly influenced by the perspective and attitudes of its political system. The political

system will develop appropriate policies for the adoption and spread of ICT throughout the entire nation

once it is clear how beneficial ICT will be for raising a nation's educational profile. 11) Economic Factors,

developing nations frequently lack the infrastructure necessary for the development of communication

technology, as well as the initial funding and matching funds needed to make investments in ICT practicable.

Many nations frequently invest in expensive technology without planning for adequate infrastructure to

support it. 12) Cultural Factors, one of the main difficulties preventing many developing nations from easily

assimilating ICTs is language, which prevents the transfer of technology. The radio and television shows,

computer programs, and printed books created in many nations with various cultural origins. 13)

Technological Factors, With regard to the acceptance of a popular technology, variables like access cost,

instructional functions, interactivity and user friendliness, organizational issue, and speed granted to change
 18

are essential issues. Technology becomes the decisive factor in the expansion of ICT in any society. Access

is yet another significant issue the Nigerian society is dealing with. How many people actually have phone

connection and internet access? Numerous Nigerians who rapidly purchased mobile phones when GSM

projects were launched in Nigeria are currently unable to pay the cost of recharging the devices to make

essential calls. Particularly, having access to the internet is a reliable indicator of the accessibility of digital

technologies It all takes place in Nigeria since it necessitates the fusion of separate elements like computers,

telecommunication, and expertise. Cities and urban areas continue to be where internet cafes are most

prevalent. The few may still struggle to afford the rising cost of internet use due to the unstable electricity

and heavy reliance on gasoline-powered generators, even though the majority of city people still do not

know how to operate a computer. Of fact, a large number of the computers used in these internet cafés and

government buildings in Nigeria are outdated machines that have either been donated by aid organizations or

restored in the Ikeja computer village in a suburb of Lagos.

Harlan and Samarakoo (2016) assessed in collaborative digital projects, library and IT staff members

contribute their skills. Despite their expertise in their field, they could only have a passing familiarity with

other fields. When attempting to explain a complex topic to someone who is unfamiliar with the

fundamentals of that person's field of expertise, this knowledge gap proves to be difficult. An illustration of

this would be IT employees communicating a Web design choice to library staff while assuming that they

are familiar with the fundamentals of web development. This is why it's crucial to start with the

fundamentals before a digital project begins to ensure that team members who are unfamiliar with another's

area of expertise have a foundational understanding of it.

Often researchers believed that information technology (IT) is a vital tool for boosting and promoting

efficiency in all areas of development (Oliveira & Martins 2011:110). Libraries have worked to create and

put into practice a variety of technological innovations to enhance the delivery of services to users ever since

the advent of IT. Since the early 1970s, librarians have created and installed hardware and software that

improve their operations (Blackburn 2011:664). They have accomplished this through partnerships and
 19

collaborations with technology agencies and individuals, taking into account the requirements of libraries

and their users in the creation and upkeep of these technologies (Bahri & Ibrahim 2013:21). A library

becomes automated when all or the majority of its tasks are carried out using computers and other IT tools,

according to Anas, Iqbal, and Ahmad (2014:297). The use of automatic and semi-automatic data processing

devices to carry out library tasks like acquisition, circulation, cataloging, reference service, and serials

control is referred to as automation of a library by Amekuedee (2005:443). The use of technology to

automate library services lowers the possibility of human error compared to manual service delivery. Over

time, information technology has advanced. In order to remain current with the changing requirements and

expectations of library users, it is crucial that library professionals routinely assess the effects of new and

emerging information technologies. According to Buwule and Ponelis (2017:256), libraries' implementation

of IT systems enables them to gain access to knowledge sources on a local, national, and international level

challenges to development. The practice will make it simple for management to explore and accept new

information technologies and thereby release funds for purchases as academic libraries face a challenge with

funding approvals from university administrators. The practice will make it easy for management to explore

and accept new information technologies and thereby release funds for purchases (Ingersoll & Culshaw

2014:109). The use of database systems for information storage, retrieval, and quick information

dissemination are only a few examples of how information technology systems help libraries give services to

users. Libraries may reach users in remote regions and offer them services (Wang & Dawes 2012:76-78).

With the use of IT, several libraries have created and maintained information services, administrative and

management portals, and inter-networks for resource sharing, collection development, and improved

competence.

It's crucial to realize that the usage of information has advanced past the point where the need for

scientific and technical knowledge was only computerized (Achebe, 2005) and that the Internet is now

viewed as essential to the efficient and successful provision of library services. (Chukwueke and Onuoha

(2019) Pointed, being trendy is important in the modern world of rapid change where people are interested in

the newest innovations, news, and technology. Render could be interpreted as the action of enrolling in a
 20

generic course. The future cannot be predicted, but we may spot emerging tendencies that are a key to

knowing what it might hold. In this context, the term "emergent" refers to new and unexpected processes or

approaches that appear suddenly or hurriedly. Some emerging tendencies can be predicted based on

preexisting conditions. It will be easier for librarians and other library service providers to consider the

changes taking place in the world and the potential effects they may have on library services in the future by

identifying and organizing rends. It can also assist those who provide library services in actively planning for

their many services, particularly those related to community service. The use of ICT in libraries to provide

efficient and effective library services is viewed as an emerging trend that creates new opportunities for

innovation and experimentation with and within these constantly changing societies and helps librarians

better envision their crucial role in this information-exploding global environment. A technology's efficient

integration into organizational functions depends on an understanding of how and why users accept or reject

new technologies, despite the fact that this can be detrimental to some library users.

Harlan and Samarakoon (2016) assessed that in collaborative digital projects, library and IT staff

members contribute their skills. Despite their expertise in their field, they could only have a passing

familiarity with other fields. When attempting to explain a complex topic to someone who is unfamiliar with

the fundamentals of that person's field of expertise, this knowledge gap proves to be difficult. An illustration

of this would be IT employees communicating a Web design choice to library staff while assuming that they

are familiar with the fundamentals of web development. Therefore it is crucial to start with the fundamentals

before a digital project begins to ensure that team members who are unfamiliar with another's area of

expertise have a foundational understanding of it.

These days, Information innovation (IT) is an incredible asset utilized internationally across the whole

range of business tasks. IT is an empowering innovation, where IT creates center abilities and methodology

of the development advancements like PC and media communications apparatuses make business accessible

in the worldwide business sectors (Andreua and Ciborrab, 1996). IT is perceived as fundamental to make

and support business progress. IT Service Management is used to work on the proficiency and adequacy of
 21

IT activities, and adjusted activity cycles to business procedure, to meet business targets. The vast majority

of the organizations involved IT for their everyday activity. Subsequently it is significant for IT specialist

co-op to keep up with ideal accessibility and execution so business progression is supported. Chih Hui

(2012) added, Competition among information technology (IT) companies to dominate the global personal

computer (PC) market is severe. In order to survive in the market, information technology companies

continue to advance through gaining competitive advantages. One of the key tools in the majority of an

organization's business operations is information technology. Therefore, firms must be creative and stay

current with technology in order to seize commercial opportunities and improve the effectiveness and

efficiency of information technology. In addition, agency is searching to gain most value financial savings

through modern solutions. Many companies are searching for choices to beautify productiveness and

simplify day to day operations features with the aid of synchronizing operational processes. At the equal

time, dependable transport and aid of IT offerings is integral to make certain the carrier fine meet the

expectation. It has end up extra difficult in managing the complicated data science offerings as it wants to be

scalable and bendy to enhance the agility of the organization (Kumbakara, 2008). Despite the fact that

everyone wants to see improvements in business excellence, the third edition of the Information Technology

Infrastructure Library (ITIL) was launched in 2007. ITIL offers best practices advice on Information

Technology Service Management and a framework to facilitate the management of the infrastructure for

digital libraries. Particularly, the majority of business processes within organizations depend heavily on IT

services (Wan, 2009). The goal of ITIL implementation in organizations is to enhance the provision of IT

services. By lowering costs and boosting customer happiness and productivity, ITIL offers a host of

advantages to the firm. Thus, ITIL offers a framework for the company to outline the IT organizational

shape and IT operational administration procedures. This helps the association to higher arrange the IT

operation and infrastructure in a widespread way (Zeng, 2008). In addition, it allows enterprise to beautify

the satisfactory of offerings delivered to each inside and exterior customer. ITIL additionally serve as the

exceptional exercise in defining metrics and measuring results in a high-quality way (Cervone, 2008).

Furthermore, it helps company to higher recognize the commercial enterprise provider choices and permits
 22

IT provider aid set up provider data administration base and extra dynamically assembly purchaser pride

(Wan, 2009).

Naidu et al. (2020). To satisfy users' needs for information, the library must provide a range of services in

addition to the technical processing of books. Reference services are one of the crucial and traditional

services. A sufficient workforce and sound management practices are needed to organize reference services.

The library must provide services like bibliographic services, indexing and abstracting services, services for

current events, services for the selective dissemination of information, electronic services, etc. The

management and its guiding principles are also very helpful and essential in this context.

Halinár (2013) assessed that much like in real life, as information technologies advanced, so did the

number of practical issues. From the simple ones, like educating people how to use IT resources properly, to

the more intricate and difficult problems. There were concerns about how to guarantee the efficient operation

of software and IT infrastructure. IT security has become a crucial concern as businesses have become more

dependent on information technology, which come at considerable and escalating expenses. This field of IT

has increasingly separated into its own discipline and no one company permits ignoring it. Today, it is

impossible for even small enterprises to totally ignore IT security. All business owners understand that in the

digital age, safeguarding digital assets is probably even more crucial than protecting physical assets. A

business organization may suffer devastating effects if a corporation spent years developing and improving a

physical product, and if the database that houses all the paperwork for a progressive solution was

compromised before receiving legal protection and being released to the market.

AL and IA (2013). Conclude that there's no reason to believe that libraries won't continue to develop and

offer more services. How collections are obtained, managed, and made discoverable will alter in a digital

context. For instance, cataloging at the level of each individual library may no longer be necessary, but at

some point in the supply chain, the organization and coding of ebooks and eresources will still be necessary.

熊建 (2015) Pointed that the complexity of hardware and software system construction, the likelihood of

system failure, and the challenge of providing continuous and reliable application services and services
 23

checkless have all increased with the further development of information technology in colleges and

universities. How to provide a stable high-quality IT services more effectively has become a common

concern question in colleges. The study of IT operation services in various business processes, the

specification of IT operation service management system requirements, the design and implementation of a

system to track IT operation service events and related IT assets are among the main tasks of this

dissertation. The self-service platform for instructors and students, the IT service desk, and the platform for

IT operations engineers are among the system's basic functionalities that can be adjusted to different roles'

usage scenarios in order to satisfy user functional requirements. We describe the system analysis and

thorough design based on the system requirements, as well as the system implementation and test results.

Cui (2014). One strategy to add value to outsourcing in the IT industry is to establish and maintain a

flexible collaboration. Balaji applies resource-based theory and organizational learning theory to analyze the

effects of relationship, governance, outsourcing arrangement, and learning factors on the performance of

application development outsourcing. Mehta and Mehta It identify the client characteristics that influence

their potential to forge a long-term C-V partnership and identify specific areas in which clients' relational

investments will strengthen C-V partnerships. Balaji examines the effects of relationship, governance,

outsourcing arrangement, and learning aspects on application development outsourcing performance using

resource-based theory and organizational learning theory. IT and business alignment are at the top of the

chief information officials' list of management priorities, according to a poll of chief information officers in

the United States, Europe, and Asia in 2013. The majority of current IT outsourcing research focuses on

managing the relationship between the client and the supplier; it does not examine the compatibility of the

two parties. The impact of the client and provider capabilities for outsourcing is the main emphasis of the

outsourcing relationship model, but there is little study on the impact of the joint capability of the customer

and provider needed for successful outsourcing. The level of value co-production also serves as the

foundation for competitive advantage from customer-provider relationships, although they haven't gotten

much attention.
 24

IT INFRASTRUCTURE
PRESENT IN THE
ACADEMIC LIBRARY

LIVED EXPERIENCES

IMPACT OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CHALLENGES AND
OBSTACLES
ENCOUNTERED IN IT

OTHER IT
INFRASTRUCTURE
WANTED TO ADD

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

 25

Operational / Definition Terms

To give clarification of given terminology used in the context, researchers now define these words;

Information Technology – This refers to the creation, processing, storing, protecting, and exchanging of all

types of electronic data using any computers, storage, networking, and other physical devices, infrastructure,

and procedures practiced in the library.

Librarians – This pertains to a person who works at the library professionally. They help patrons access

information and may also offer social, technical, or information literacy activities. They are information

providers that inside the facility to help assistance in researchers needs and are the key individuals in

preserving, conserving, and updating valuable resources used inside the library.

Library Services – This refers to any assistance provided by the librarians and library workers whether be

introducing of library, facilitate circulation of books, and provision of user's reference needs in their

researches and study. In used of library equipment and tools to add up for quality service and ease of

transaction.

Lived Experience - This refers to the collective experience of any individual around their perspective by

which they observed, learned, and practiced which influenced them in experiencing things during the allotted

time they were in the field of work in the library.

Challenges – This refers to feelings of pressure and difficulties especially during a process or activity.

Impact of IT– This pertains to the effect or influence of IT infrastructure and IT based support for the

development and elevation of the library.

 26

Assumption

In this study the following are to be expectedly met;

1) There would be no bias as study will be based from participant’s experiences.

2) Participants either are good on explanatory or with good enough experiences to access excellent

quality of research.

3) The participants will be guided through questions honest and relevant to the study.

4) There would be distinct difference of opinion as there are more than one library to be conducted.

Methodology

This part of the study clarifies the research design, population and sample, the research instrument,

the study's ethical considerations, and the statistical treatment employed in this study.

Research Design

Qualitative research approach is used to conduct the study of lived experience of librarians and

challenges and problem encountered using IT in the library by the participants during their working career.

Population and Sample

Voluntary sampling will be used in this research. The participants will be the selected librarians with

five years and above experience of the Vigan City Libraries (University of Northern Philippines libraries,

STI College Vigan, and Divine Word College Library).

 27

Data Gathering Instrument and Procedure

The Data will be gathered through focused-group discussion with a guided questions to accurately

produce the needed data. The Instrument was constructed by the researches (2022). Responses in the

research is in line with the SOO of the study and the participants will meet guided questions such as;

Part I : Lived experiences on impact of Information Technology on the course of their working career.

1. What are the IT infrastructure used in your library?

2. How long have you been using IT in your library?

3. What are the advantages of using IT in your library?

4. What are the disadvantages of using IT in your library?

5. What IT infrastructure would you like to add in your library and what would be the purpose?

Part II : Challenges and obstacles encountered in Information Technology in using library services.

1. What are the challenges and obstacles you have encountered using IT in library?

2. What other commentary would you like to add?

Ethical Considerations of the Study

This part of the study ensures ethical conduct to consider when the research will be taken for the data

to be success for the participants and the research paper. Here are the list of high ethical standards to be

considered;

1) Integrity; the study will be intact on what is the study’s purpose and be consistent of the agreement to

both ends.

2) Honesty; the study will be honest in presenting the resources gathered.

3) Confidentiality; The protection of the participants records, documents and other confidential

information will be a prioritized.

 28

4) Openness and Transparency; Upon presenting the data and results disclosure of method used and

information for further evaluation.

5) Respect to Intellectual Property Rights; Acknowledgements to copyrights and honor for rightful

owners will be mention for proper ethical research.

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